低渗透多孔介质中的非线性渗流理论

文中论述了低渗透性多孔介质中非线性渗流理论的几个问题,阐明了渗流流体的性质,指出了多孔介质对流体通过的选择性,提出了新的非线性渗流方程,用实验资料对其进行了验证,分析了该方程演变功能,表明它可以描述各种渗流规律.该方程的各项参数都可从实验中直接得到,应用方便,并且参数的物理意义明确.     

基于渗透率连续变化的低渗透多孔介质非线性渗流模型

基于低渗透多孔介质渗透率的渐变理论,确定了能精确描述低渗透多孔介质渗流特征的非线性运动方程,并通过实验数据拟合．验证了非线性运动方程的有效性。非线性渗流速度关于压力梯度具有连续-阶导数,方便于工程计算;由此建立了低渗透多孔介质的单相非线性径向渗流数学模型,并巧妙采用高效的Douglas-Jones预估一校正有限差分方法求得了其数值解。数值结果分析表明：非线性渗流模型为介于拟线性渗流模型和达西渗流模型之间的一种中间模型或理想模型,非线性渗流模型和拟线性渗流模型均存在动边界;拟线性渗流高估了启动压力梯度的影响,使得动边界的移动速度比实际情况慢得多;非线性越强,地层压力下降的范围越小,地层压力梯度越陡峭,影响地层压力的敏感性减弱,而影响地层压力梯度的敏感性增强。     

双重孔隙介质非线性流固耦合渗流

本文给出了考虑双孔双涌介质生变形的流固耦合渗流模型。不仅考虑了固结对渗流的影响,同时也考虎了固体变形对渗流参数（孔隙度和渗透率）的影响。这样。渗流就成了双孔双渗介质中非线性流固耦合渗流。在此基础上,本文还推导了双重孔隙介质非线性流固耦合渗流计算。给出了算例并作了对比。结果表明,固体变形引起的介质参数变化对流体渗流早中期过程有重要的影响,对渗流后期影响并不大。这对于石油开采有重要的参考价值。     

孤立波与多孔介质结构物的非线性相互作用

基于精确至Ｏ（εμ＾２,μ＾４）的多孔介质无压渗流模型方程和均匀流体质波动的Ｂｏｕｓｓｉｎｅｓｑ方程,本文对孤立波与多孔介质结构物的相互作用了较系统的数值实验。控制方程采用基于有限差分方程离散,在时域上采用了预估－校正方法进行了时间积分。在求解演化方程的过程中,引入“内迭代”过程实现流体域和多孔介质交界面的连接条件。结果表明孤立波在多孔介质上的反射与在不可渗透的界面上的反射类似,形成反向的孤立波但     

非牛顿流体两相渗流问题的摄动解

本文用奇异摄动法结合正则摄动法求解了考虑毛管力因素时多孔介质中弱非牛顿流体的两相驱替问题,得到了分流函数和湿相饱和度的渐近解析解。所得结果同数值解和经典的牛顿流体两相渗流结果进行了比较,并着重讨论了非牛顿因素的影响。     

可变形多孔介质中的一维非定常耦合渗流

在Ｂｉｏｔ理论的基础上,考虑到可变形多孔介质的渗透系数依赖于孔隙变形的特点,建立了耦合渗流问题的基本方程;用初始层校正法求出了一维非定常耦合渗流问题的摄动解;实例计算表明,耦合分析与非耦合分析之间的判别较大,因此耦合效应不能忽略。     

定量开采条件下径向渗流的液固耦合问题

考虑到多孔介质渗透率随孔隙度变化的特点，建立了力学模型，研究定量抽放问题；对于广义平面应力状态下的非线性渗流耦合问题，提出了解的构造方法和解耦方法；求出了耦合条件下的孔隙压力，多孔介质总应力、总应变和总位移的解析解；进行了实例计算，并与Biot理论进行了对比，结果表明两种理论的差别很大。因此在渗透系数有较明显变化的场舍下不能采用Biot理论进行分析。     

液态铝在多孔介质中低压渗流过程的模拟实验研究

本文根据相似原理对液态铝在多孔介质中的低压向上渗流过程进行了模拟试验研究，试验表明，渗流液面以平面沿垂方向推进，位移－时间关系符合四次方根规律；某一时刻Ｔ的雷诺数，阻力系数和沿程损失可用相应的公式计算外加渗流气压的最佳值为０．４０ａｔ．。实验还将模拟充填时间与原型充填时间进行了对比，两者得到了良好的一致性。     

煤层气在非饱和水流阶段的非定常渗流摄动解

煤层甲烷由煤层的割理裂隙系统流入生产井一般经历：单相水流、非饱和流和气、水两相饱和流三个阶段，在非饱和流阶段，储层压力降至临界解吸压力之后，储存在煤基质中的吸附气体少量被解吸出来形成互不连续的气泡并阻止水的流动，含气量尚未达到饱和程度。同时煤层甲烷运移包含渗流场、变形场和应力场的动态耦合过程。本文考虑渗流过程中水-气两相不溶混流体与固体耦合作用，建立了非饱和水流阶段非定常渗流问题的流固耦合数学模型，对该强非线性一维数学模型采用摄动法和积分变换法进行解析求解，并讨论了其压力动态特性，分析了压力随饱和度S及时间t变化的规律和气相及耦合作用的影响，这些研究对煤层气、石油和天然气的开采等地下工程领域具有一定的指导意义。     

裂缝性油藏流固耦合渗流

本文给出了考虑介质变形的双重孔隙介质流固耦合渗流模型,并考虑渗流参数随有效应力而变化的非线性双重孔隙介质流固耦合渗流,在此基础上,本文还推导了双重孔隙介质非线性系数非线性等流固耦合流流计算,并给出了算例。     

An Approximate Solution for Fluid Infiltration near a Circular Opening in Unsaturated Media

A regular perturbation technique is employed to approximate the solution for fluid infiltration from a circular opening into an unsaturated medium. Introducing two empirical constitutive relations and relating the permeability k and water content with pore fluid pressure p, a nonlinear diffusion equation in terms of pore pressure is established. After rearranging the nonlinear diffusion equation, a parameter perturbation on is performed and an approximate solution with an error of is obtained, which correlate to a condition in which = . This approximate solution is verified by a finite difference solution and compared also with a linear solution in which the diffusivity is constant. It is shown that the perturbation solution with terms up to and including first-order can give a reasonably accurate solution for the parameter range for p ₀ selected in this paper. The solution procedure provided in this paper also avoids the numerical problem normally encountered for a small time solution. The solution may also be used to overcome difficulties arising in solution procedure by the similarity transformation (Boltzmann), commonly conducted on diffusion equation, which cannot be applied for a finite wellbore problem.     

Analytic Solution to a Problem of Seepage in a Chequer-Board Porous Massif

A study is made of steady two-dimensional seepage in a porous massif composed by a double-periodic system of white and black chequers of arbitrary conductivity. Rigorous matching of Darcy's flows in zones of different conductivity is accomplished. Using the methods of complex analysis, explicit formulae for specific discharge are derived. Stream lines, travel times, and effective conductivity are evaluated. Deflection of marked particles from the natural direction of imposed gradient and stretching of prescribed composition of these particles enables the elucidation of the phenomena of transversal and longitudinal dispersion. A model of pure advection is related with the classical one-dimensional vective dispersion equation by selection of dispersivity which minimizes the difference between the breakthrough curves calculated from the two models.     

Analytical Solution to the Riemann Problem of Three-Phase Flow in Porous Media

In this paper we study one-dimensional three-phase flow through porous media of immiscible, incompressible fluids. The model uses the common multiphase flow extension of Darcys equation, and does not include gravity and capillarity effects. Under these conditions, the mathematical problem reduces to a 2 × 2 system of conservation laws whose essential features are: (1) the system is strictly hyperbolic; (2) both characteristic fields are nongenuinely nonlinear, with single, connected inflection loci. These properties, which are natural extensions of the two-phase flow model, ensure that the solution is physically sensible. We present the complete analytical solution to the Riemann problem (constant initial and injected states) in detail, and describe the characteristic waves that may arise, concluding that only nine combinations of rarefactions, shocks and rarefaction-shocks are possible. We demonstrate that assuming the saturation paths of the solution are straight lines may result in inaccurate predictions for some realistic systems. Efficient algorithms for computing the exact solution are also given, making the analytical developments presented here readily applicable to interpretation of lab displacement experiments, and implementation of streamline simulators.     

强非线性动力系统周期解分析

给出一类强非线性动力系统周期解存在性，唯一性和稳定性的简易差别法以及周期解的摄动法。本差别法把问题归结为干扰力在相应的未扰系统振动周期上的功函数及其导数的讨论，其限制条件比现有结果弱。本摄动法可以认为是经典Ｌｉｎｄｓｔｅｄｔ－Ｐｏｉｎｃａｒｅ（Ｌ－Ｐ）法在强非线性振动系统的推广。它与Ｌ－Ｐ法的主要区别在于假设系统的振动频率为相角的非线性函数。     

A Second-Order Solution of Saint-Venant's Problem for a Piezoelectric Circular Bar Using Signorini's Perturbation Method

We study electromechanical deformations of a homogeneous transversely isotropic piezoelectric prismatic circular bar loaded only at the end faces. The constitutive relations for the material of the bar are taken to be quadratic in the displacement gradients and the electric field. It is found that the two end faces of the bar when twisted with no electric charge applied to them will exhibit a difference in the electric potential. Thus the piezoelectric cylinder could be used to measure the torque or the angular twist. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Abrupt-Interface Solution for Carbon Dioxide Injection into Porous Media

We derive an approximate analytical solution, which describes the interface dynamics during the injection of supercritical carbon dioxide into homogeneous geologic media that are fully saturated with a host fluid. The host fluid can be either heavier (e.g., brine) or lighter (e.g., methane) than the injected carbon dioxide. Our solution relies on the Dupuit approximation and explicitly accounts for the buoyancy effects. The general approach is applicable to a variety of phenomena involving variable-density flows in porous media. In three dimensions under radial symmetry, the solution describes carbon dioxide injection; its two-dimensional counterpart can be used to model seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers. We conclude by comparing our solutions with existing analytical alternatives.     

扰动法在结构分枝失稳分析中的应用

对结构进行平衡路径的跟踪分析，是全面了解该结构的受力性能所必须进行的一项工作。目前的结构非线性稳定分析技术一般仅对极值点失稳型问题较为有效，而对分枝点失稳型问题则困难较多。对于具有缺陷敏感性的结构，如拱结构、壳体等，在普通荷载作用下，其失稳路径常包含分枝点。文献[1]提出并认为位移扰动法和力扰动法在分析结构分枝失稳时具有很好的效果。本文采用多个不同类型的算例，对扰动法在结构分枝失稳问题中的应用进行了分析比较，表明该方法具有较强的跟踪能力。最后，就扰动法在结构分枝失稳问题中的应用提出几点建议。     

Perturbation Analysis for Wetting Fronts in Richard's Equation

Perturbation methods are used to study the interaction of wetting fronts with impervious boundaries in layered soils. Solutions of Richards' equation for horizontal and vertical infiltration problems are considered. Asymptotically accurate solutions are constructed from outer solutions and boundary-layer corrections. Results are compared with numerical simulations to demonstrate a high level of accuracy.     

Asymptotic Solution for a Kind of Boundary Layer Problem

This paper studies the partial differential equation with a small coefficient in the highest-order item. This kind of equation is also named as boundary layer problem. The Burgers equation and modified Burgers equation are analyzed in this approach. First, these equations are transferred into the strong nonlinear ones, and then the corresponding strong nonlinear equations are solved based on the perturbation method. The results from the asymptotic method are comparable with those obtained from numerical computation. An erratum to this article is available at .