HPLC–AFS联用测定海产品中砷的形态

建立了高效液相色谱–原子荧光分光光度法测定海产品中无机砷(As V,AsⅢ)、有机砷(DMA,MMA,AsB)含量的方法。样品经含10%(体积分数)HCl的提取液振荡提取、离心分离、二路形态分析预处理、高效液相色谱分离,用原子荧光光度计检测As(Ⅲ),DMA,MMA,As(V);四路条件(过氧化氢氧化和开启紫外灯)形态分析预处理装置处理,高效液相色谱分离,原子荧光光度计测定AsB。As(Ⅲ)线性范围为0～100.00μg/L,r2=0.999 7;DMA线性范围为0～100.00μg/L,r2=0.999 3;MMA线性范围为0～100.00μg/L,r2=0.999 0;As(V)线性范围为0～100.00μg/L,r2=0.999 1;AsB线性范围为0～200.00μg/L,r2=0.999 4。3个样品加标回收率为As(Ⅲ)86.7%～89.4%,DMA 111.2%～117.0%,MMA 109.7%～111.6%,As(V)83.8%～90.7%,AsB 88.3%～90.4%。用该方法测定虾仁(干)5个价态测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.07%～9.93%(n=6)。5个价态的检出限(S/N=2)为As(Ⅲ)0.29μg/L,DMA 0.36μg/L,MMA 0.27μg/L,As(V)0.56μg/L,AsB 1.46μg/L。该方法适用于海产品中As(Ⅲ),DMA,MMA,As(V),AsB含量的测定。     

微波三步提取–高效液相色谱–原子荧光法测定土壤中砷形态

采用高效液相色谱–原子荧光法对土壤中的砷形态进行分析,以了解其对土壤的污染程度。用1 mol/L磷酸–0.5 mol/L抗坏血酸混合提取剂对污染土壤样品进行三步微波提取,用高效液相色谱–原子荧光联用仪测定砷形态含量。As(Ⅲ)和As(V)标准工作曲线的线性范围均为8～100μg/L,线性相关系数(r~2)分别为0.999,0.996,检出限分别为0.11,0.72μg/L。As(Ⅲ),As(V)测定结果的相对标准偏差分别7.6%和9.1%(n=11),加标回收回收率在82.2%～98.3%之间。多数土壤中砷形态以As(V)为主,As(Ⅲ)含量较低。该方法对土壤中的砷提取效果好,测定结果可靠,可为土壤砷污染的修复提供技术支撑。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体-串联质谱法同时测定饲料中As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、氨苯胂酸和洛克沙胂

建立了饲料中As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、氨苯胂酸(p-ASA)和洛克沙胂(ROX)不同形态砷的高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体-串联质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS/MS)检测方法。样品经甲醇-水(1∶1,V/V)超声提取,用Shiseido MGⅡC18色谱柱(250×4.6 mm,5μm)对4种砷形态进行分离,以pH=4.7的6mmol/L四丁基氢氧化铵(TBAH)-甲醇(92∶8,V/V)溶液及pH=1.9的0.05%三氟乙酸(TFA)-甲醇(92∶8,V/V)溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。然后通过电感耦合等离子体质谱进行监测,外标法定量。结果表明,在优化的实验条件下,各形态砷在0~50μg/L范围内线性良好(R≥0.9999),As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、氨苯胂酸(p-ASA)和洛克沙胂(ROX)的检测限分别为0.05、0.10、0.08、0.60μg/L,4种形态砷的加标回收率范围在85.9%~104.6%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5%。通过对实际样品的检测,该方法适用于饲料中常见形态砷的检测。     

树脂分离-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定食品中无机砷、一甲基胂和二甲基胂

建立了用阴离子交换树脂分离-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定食品中无机砷、一甲基胂和二甲基胂的方法.分别从样品上样条件及二甲基胂、一甲基胂、 As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)分离条件进行了优化.研究了树脂处理程序对分离的影响,并探讨了共存离子对测定砷的干扰和消除的方法.对方法的适用范围做了研究.本方法具有操作简便、快速、灵敏度高等优点.检出限(以砷计)分别为: 无机砷0.34 μg/L,一甲基胂0.57 μg/L,二甲基胂0.46 μg/L.     

微波辅助提取-液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法分析沉积物中砷的形态

采用微波辅助提取-液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(LC-HG-AFS)联用技术分析了太湖沉积物中砷的形态[亚砷酸(As(III))、二甲基砷酸钠(DMA)、一甲基砷酸二钠(MMA)和砷酸As(V)]。测得沉积物中以无机砷为主,且以As(V)居多。选定以1mol/L的磷酸和0.1mol/L抗坏血酸为提取液,在微波辅助萃取(功率为60W,时间12min)下,萃取率达79.84%～91.57%,回收率在94.78%～107.6%之间。4种砷的形态在0～160μg/L之间时线性良好,检测限为0.6～2.3μg/L,相对标准偏差RSD为1.62%～2.20%。方法具有简便、快速、灵敏的特点。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定烟草中砷的形态

应用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术(HPLC-ICP-MS)建立了烟草中As(Ⅲ)、As(V)、一甲基砷酸(MMA)和二甲基砷酸(DMA)4种砷形态的检测方法。研究了不同提取液、提取液体积以及提取时间对提取效果的影响,并对色谱条件进行优化。以15 mL甲醇-水(1∶1)混合液为提取液,30℃超声提取20 min,以(NH4)2HPO4(pH 6.0)为流动相,采用PRP-X100阴离子交换柱对砷形态进行分离。在0.1～25μg/L质量浓度范围内,4种砷形态的线性系数均不小于0.997,日内(n=5)和日间(n=3)RSD均不大于4.2%,仪器检出限为0.1～0.2μg/L,定量下限为0.2～0.5μg/L。在低、中、高3个加标水平下,砷的回收率均为83%～115%,方法稳定性较好,RSD不大于5.7%。采用该方法对国内外8种烟草中的4种砷形态含量进行分析,其含量从高到低依次为As(Ⅴ)、MMA、As(Ⅲ)和DMA。该方法准确、灵敏、方便,适用于烟草中砷形态的测定。     

微波酸提取/液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定动物源性中药中6种砷形态

建立了微波酸提取/液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用(LC-ICP-MS)测定动物源性中药中6种砷形态(亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ),砷酸盐As(V),一甲基砷MMA,二甲基砷DMA,砷甜菜碱As B和砷胆碱As C)的分析方法。采用1%HNO_3溶液在80℃微波提取10 min,经离心分层,过固相萃取SEP C18柱和0.45μm滤膜,以25 mmol/L NH_4H_2PO_4溶液(p H 6.7)-乙醇(99∶1,体积比)为流动相进行等度洗脱,各砷形态在10 min内实现基线分离。结果显示,6种砷形态在1.0~100.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 5~0.999 7,方法检出限(LOD)为0.24~1.0μg/kg,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.96%~2.0%。将方法应用于地龙、水蛭、海螵蛸、桑螵蛸、石决明和鸡内金中6种砷形态的测定,加标回收率为94.2%~103.8%,提取效率为95.5%~102.8%,优于热提取法。方法快速、准确、重现性好,适用于动物源性中药及类似样品中的砷元素形态分析及质量监控。     

离子色谱-等离子体质谱联用测定热泉水样的砷形态

利用阴离子色谱与六极碰撞等离子体质谱联用的方法,在线同时测定水样的4种砷形态(As(Ⅴ),As(Ⅲ),MMA,DMA),并用于实际样品-热泉水中砷形态的测定.使用K2HPO4-KH2PO4为淋洗液等度淋洗,用Hamilton PRP-X100阴离子色谱柱分离,4种砷形态在7 min之内完全分离.调节淋洗液中K2HPO4与KH2PO4的比例可以优化峰的分离.地下水(含热泉水)基质、样品及淋洗液中的Cl-对砷形态的分离测定没有影响,淋洗液中的盐份在样品锥和截取锥上的积累对测定的影响很小.检出限分别为As(Ⅴ) 0.23 μg/L,As(Ⅲ) 0.30 μg/L,MMA 0.26 μg/L,DMA 0.54 μg/L.     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法同时测定土壤中的阿散酸、洛克沙胂及其降解产物

建立了高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体串联质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS/MS)同时测定土壤中阿散酸(p-ASA)、洛克沙胂(ROX)及其降解产物无机砷(i-As)(亚砷酸(As(Ⅲ))和砷酸(As(Ⅴ)))、一甲基砷(MMA)和二甲基砷(DMA)等5种砷形态的分析方法。以0.1 mol/L NaH_2PO_4-0.1 mol/L H_3PO_4(体积比9∶1)为提取剂,液固比为50 mL/g,样品经微波辅助提取(80℃,30 min)后,采用Hamilton PRP-X100阴离子交换柱(250 mm×4.1 mm,10μm),以60 mmol/L(NH_4)_2HPO_4-5%甲醇(pH 6.0)和水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在15 min内实现了5种砷形态的良好分离。在优化条件下,各砷形态在0～500μg/L范围内线性良好(r~2≥0.999 1),检出限为0.043～0.080μg/kg(以As计),相对标准偏差为1.7%～3.8%。将该方法用于分析3种土壤样品,各砷形态的加标回收率为71.6%～106%。该方法简单、快速、准确、可靠,适用于土壤中阿散酸、洛克沙胂和常规砷形态的检测。     

双阳极电化学氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定砷

用双阳极电化学氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定砷,减少了化学试剂使用给环境带来的污染。在相同条件下,双阳极电化学氢化物发生效率为化学法的99.0%~101.6%。对各种实验参数和干扰情况进行了详细研究。在选定的实验条件下,100μL进样量的As(Ⅲ)线性范围为0~120μg/L;检出限为0.64μg/L(信噪比S/N=3);60μg/L的As(Ⅲ)标准溶液平行进样13次,荧光信号面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.02%。用本法测得GBW07406号标准土壤样品中As含量为(205.2±1.4)μg/g与标准值(220±21)μg/g一致,仔猪饲料样品的加标回收率为97.0%~103.0%。本法灵敏度高、重现性好、结果准确。     

KCl-KBO2-K2CO3, K2MoO4-KBO2-K2CO3, and K2WO4-KBO2-K2CO3 ternary systems

phase diagrams of KCl-KBO₂-K₂CO₃, K₂MoO₄-KBO₂-K₂CO₃, and K₂WO₄-KBO₂-K₂CO₃ ternary systems were studied by a calculation-experimental method and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The coordinates of ternary eutectics were determined to be E ₁: 622°C, 8.5 mol % KBO₂, 56.5 mol % KCl, and 35 mol % K₂CO₃; E ₂: 710°C, 23 mol % KBO₂, 43 mol % K₂CO₃, and 34 mol % K₂MoO₄; E ₃: 710°C, 23 mol % KBO₂, 43 mol % K₂CO₃, and 34 mol % K₂WO₄. The specific heats of melting of the eutectics were determined.     

Phase relations in the K2W2O7-K2WO4-KPO3-Bi2O3 system and structure of K6.5Bi2.5W4P6O34

The phase relations in the cross-section of the K₂W₂O₇-K₂WO₄-KPO₃ containing 15 mol% Bi₂O₃ were undertaken using flux method. Crystallization fields of K_6.5Bi_2.5W₄P₆O₃₄, K₂Bi(PO₄)(WO₄), Bi₂WO₆, KBi(WO₄)₂ and their cocrystallization areas were identified. Novel phase K_6.5Bi_2.5W₄P₆O₃₄ was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction: sp. gr. P−1, a=9.4170(5), b=9.7166(4), c=17.6050(7) Å, α=90.052(5)°, β=103.880(5)° and γ=90.125(5)°. It has a layered structure, which contains {K₇Bi₅W₈P₁₂O₆₈}_∞ layers stacked parallel to ab plane and sheets composed by potassium atoms separating these layers. Sandwich-like {K₇Bi₅W₈P₁₂O₆₈}_∞ layers are assembled from [W₂P₂O₁₃]_∞ and [BiPO₄]_∞ building units, and are penetrated by tunnels with K/Bi atoms inside. FTIR-spectra of K₂Bi(PO₄)(WO₄) and K_6.5Bi_2.5W₄P₆O₃₄ were discussed on the basis of factor group theory.     

Sol-gel synthesis of K3InF6 and structural characterization of K2InC10O10H6F9, K3InC12O14H4F18 and K3InC12O12F18

K₃InF₆ is synthesized by a sol-gel route starting from indium and potassium acetates dissolved in isopropanol in the stoichiometry 1:3, with trifluoroacetic acid as fluorinating agent. The crystal structures of the organic precursors were solved by X-ray diffraction methods on single crystals. Three organic compounds were isolated and identified: K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉, K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈. The first one, deficient in potassium in comparison with the initial stoichiometry, is unstable. In its crystal structure, acetate as well as trifluoroacetate anions are coordinated to the indium atom. The two other precursors are obtained, respectively, by quick and slow evaporation of the solution. They correspond to the final organic compounds, which give K₃InF₆ by decomposition at high temperature. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ is characterized by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₄(OH_x)₂]^(5−2x)− and isolated [CF₃COOH_2−x]^(x−1)− molecules with x=2 or 1, surrounded by K⁺ cations. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ is only constituted by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₆]³⁻ and K⁺ cations. For all these compounds, potassium cations ensure only the electroneutrality of the structure. IR spectra of K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ were also performed at room temperature on pulverized crystals.     

Solubility in the Na2Cr2O7-(NH4)2Cr2O7-K2Cr2O7-H2O system

Solubility in the Na₂Cr₂O₇-(NH₄)₂Cr₂O₇-K₂Cr₂O₇-H₂O four-component water-salt system at 25, 50, and 75°C was studied for the first time. Phase field boundaries for individual salts and potassium and ammonium dichromate solid solutions, monovariant lines, and invariant points were determined. Experimental data were used to optimize the looped isohydric process of potassium dichromate preparation involving additional salts.     

NaBO2-NaCl-Na2CO3, NaBO2- Na2CO3-NaMoO4, NaBO2- Na2CO3-NaWO4, and NaBO2-NaCl-Na2WO4 ternary systems

The phase diagrams of the NaBO₂-NaCl-Na₂CO₃, NaBO₂-Na₂CO₃-Na₂MoO₄, NaBO₂- Na₂CO₃-Na₂WO₄, and NaBO₂-NaCl-Na₂WO₄ ternary systems were studied by a calculation-experimental method and differential thermal analysis. The coordinates of ternary eutectics were determined: E ₁: 612°C, 16 mol % NaBO₂, 42 mol % NaCl, and 42 mol % Na₂CO₃; E ₂: 568°C, 12 mol % NaBO₂, 28 mol % Na₂CO₃, and 60 mol % Na₂MoO₄; E ₃: 575°C, 12 mol % NaBO₂, 32 mol % Na₂CO₃, and 56 mol % Na₂WO₄; E ₄: 628°C, 8 mol % NaBO₂, 20 mol % NaCl, and 72 mol % Na₂WO₄; and E ₅: 655°C, 9 mol % NaBO₂, 53 mol % NaCl, and 38 mol % Na₂WO₄.     

Li2SO4-Na2SO4-H2O和Li2SO4- K2SO4-H2O溶液的体积性质

本文用高精度数字式振荡管密度计测定了288K至318K温度范围内Li₂SO₄ + Na₂SO₄ + H₂O和 Li₂SO₄ + K₂SO₄ + H₂O三元体系的密度。混合溶液的离子强度范围从0.1到4.5 mol.kg_–1,混合溶液中Na₂SO₄和K₂SO₄的离子强度分数为0.2,0.4,0.6和0.8。用密度实验值拟合得到了不同温度下Pitzer离子相互作用模型混合参数θ_V和 ψ_V,模型的计算值与实验值的偏差在±0.002 g.cm_–3以内。用Pitzer模型计算了不同离子强度下三元体系的混合体积。     

Extension of the La7Mo7O30 structural type with La7Nb3W4O30 and La7Ta3W4O30 compounds

Two compounds of formula La₇A₃W₄O₃₀ (with A=Nb and Ta) were prepared by solid-state reaction at 1450 and 1490 °C. They crystallize in the rhombohedric space group R-3 (No. 148), with the hexagonal parameters: , and , . The structure of the materials was analyzed from X-ray, neutron and electronic diffraction. These oxides are isostructural of the reduced molybdenum compound La₇Mo₇O₃₀, which are formed of perovskite rod along [111]. An order between (Nb, Ta) and W is observed.     

SnSbBiS4-SnS and SnSbBiS4-Sn2Sb6S11 sections of the SnS-Sb2S3-Bi2S3 ternary system

SnSbBiS₄-SnS and SnSbBiS₄-Sn₂Sb₆S₁₁ sections were studied by physicochemical methods (DTA, X-ray powder diffraction, microstructure observation, and microhardness measurements). These sections were found to be eutectic quasi-binary sections of the SnS-Sb₂S₃-Bi₂S₃ ternary system. Solid solution regions based on the initial components were found on either side of the sections. Alloys in the solid solution region are p-type semiconductors.     

Theoretical study of polyoxide clusters B20O30, Al20O30, V20O50, Si20O30H20, and Si20O30F20

The structural, electronic, and vibrational characteristics and energies of the isolated polyoxide clusters B₂₀O₃₀, Al₂₀O₃₀, V₂₀O₅₀, Si₂₀O₃₀H₂₀, and Si₂₀O₃₀F₂₀ and their complexes with the H⁻ ion and ammonia complexes Al₂₀O₃₀ · nNH₃ have been calculated by the density functional theory B3LYP method with different basis sets. The computation results show that the symmetric closo structure I _h with oxygen bridges located above the centers of the faces of an empty [M₂₀] dodecahedron is more favorable for V₂₀O₅₀, Si₂₀O₃₀H₂₀, and Si₂₀O₃₀F₂₀. For B₂₀O₃₀, the cage closo isomer is also more favorable than the other isomers, but its structure is severely distorted as compared to a dodecahedron and has a symmetry close to C ₃ . For Al₂₀O₃₀, the I _h structure corresponds to a high-lying local minimum of the potential energy surface. For Al₂₀O₃₀, a set of unusual puckshaped isomers of symmetry C _i , with different numbers of four-coordinate atoms ^IVAl and three-coordinate atoms ^IIIO, was localized; these structures are more than 90 kcal/mol more favorable than the dodecahedron I _h . The most favorable isomer of Al₂₀O₃₀ contains twelve four-coordinate atoms ^IVAl and four five-coordinate atoms ^VAl. The energies of dissociation of the most favorable M₂₀O₃₀ clusters into the M₂O₃ (C _2v ) and M₄O₆ (T _d ) fragments and, in the case of Al₂₀O₃₀, also into the Al₈O₁₂ (O _h ) and Al₁₂O₁₈ (D _3d ) fragments, have been estimated. The conclusion has been drawn that these clusters can, in principle, exist and can be experimentally detected in the isolated state. Analogous calculations have been performed for ammonia complexes Al₂₀O₃₀ · nNH₃ with n varying from 1 to 20. The effect of solvation on the relative stability of the dodecahedral and puckshaped isomers of the Al₂₀O₃₀ cluster is observed. The isomers with ammonia molecules in their first coordination sphere become much closer to one another on the energy scale; however, the dodecahedron remains a considerably less favorable intermediate. Original Russian Text ? O.P. Charkin, N.M. Klimenko, D.O. Charkin, 2008, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2008, Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 624–635.     

Structural chemistry of Sr3Cr2WO9, Ca3Cr2WO9, and Ba3Cr2WO9

We have studied the preparation and crystallographic structure of three perovskite-type compounds: Sr₃Cr₂WO₉, cubic, the lattice parameter of which is a = 7.812Å; Ca₃Cr₂WO₉, tetragonal, the lattice parameters of which are a = 5.408 Å and c = 7.635Å; and Ba₃Cr₂WO₉, hexagonal, the lattice parameters of which are a = 5.691 Å and c = 13.957Å. We have compared these three structures and shown the relationship between the dimensions of the alkaline-earth metal and the existence of the different structures.