稀土对AM50力学性能及高温蠕变的影响

对Y和富La稀土对镁合金AM50微观组织、铸态力学性能和蠕变性能的影响进行了研究.研究结果表明: AM50中加入Y和富La稀土能有效地细化晶粒,由于显微组织的改善,使得AM50合金的室温和高温力学性能均有一定的提高,并明显地改善了AM50镁合金的抗蠕变性能.填加稀土可以在AM50合金晶界处生成稳定的铝稀土化合物,可以明显提高镁合金AM50的常温及高温(150 ℃)力学性能.与加入富La稀土的AM50相比,加入Y提高力学性能及蠕变抗力的作用更明显.     

富铈混合稀土对AZ81合金组织与性能的影响

研究了富铈混合稀土对挤压铸造AZ81合金的显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:加入不同含量富铈混合稀土的合金中都出现了一种新相Al11(Ce,La)3相,Al11(Ce,La)3相数量增多而Mg17Al12相则减少,能细化合金的组织晶粒,其细化作用在添加了1.5%富铈混合稀土的镁合金中尤为明显,但是当富铈混合稀土加入量大于2.0%时,合金中Al11(Ce,La)3相开始长大以粗大长杆状存在;在富铈混合稀土含量为1.5%时,AZ81合金的室温和150℃的综合力学性能达到最佳效果,超过2.0%时合金的室温和150℃综合力学性能开始下降;合金试样的拉伸断口带有局部韧窝的解理断裂和韧性断裂的混合特征。     

钇和铈对AM50镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

为了开发低成本、高强度和耐高温的新型镁合金，研究了微量Y，Ce复合对AM50镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：Y和Ce复合加入AM50镁合金，能明显细化晶粒，由于显微组织的改善，合金的室温和高温力学性能得到明显提高，当稀土加入量为0．6％Ce-0．3％Y（质量分数）时，合金晶粒细化效果较好，其室温和高温（150℃）力学性能比较理想。     

混合稀土对共晶Al-2％Fe合金组织形态的影响

研究了富La混合稀土对共晶Al-2％Fe合金组织形态的影响。当混合稀土加入量较少时，合金中的α—Al相为明显的胞状枝晶；随着混合稀土加入量的增加，α-Al枝晶优先形核生长得到抑制，共晶Al3Fe相得到细化；当稀土加入量增至0．6％(质量分数)共晶Al3Fe相尺寸逐渐增大。并对混合稀土对共晶Al-2％Fe合金组织形态的影响机制进行了探讨。     

稀土对铝硅合金处理效果的研究

通过添加富镧、富铈、富钇和富钕混合稀土,考察了不同混合稀土加入量、不同冷却条件及其他因素对铝硅合金变质效果和含氢量的影响。结果表明,富钇、富镧、富铈混合稀土的变质效果依次减弱,富钕无明显变质效果。富铈、富镧、富钇和富钕混合稀土都能降低铝硅合金的含氢量,其去氢作用依次递减。     

钇对AZ91镁合金微观组织及腐蚀性能影响的研究

通过金相分析、扫描电镜析及化学成分分析等测试手段,对添加不同含量Y的AZ91镁合金的微观组织和腐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明,加入Y后,合金中有稀土相Al4MgY生成,并显著细化了合金的微观组织,合金微观组织由典型的枝晶组织转变为细小的等轴晶组织,当Y含量达到1.52%时,合金组织的细化程度最大;Y的加入,减少了合金中的-βMg17Al12相,并使β相断续、弥散,同时合金的耐腐蚀性能提高,在3.5%NaCl水溶液腐蚀实验中,稀土含量为1.52%Y的合金耐腐蚀性能最好。     

混合稀土对共晶Al-2%Fe合金组织形态的影响

研究了富La混合稀土对共晶Al-2?合金组织形态的影响. 当混合稀土加入量较少时, 合金中的α-Al相为明显的胞状枝晶;随着混合稀土加入量的增加, α-Al枝晶优先形核生长得到抑制, 共晶Al3Fe相得到细化;当稀土加入量增至0.6% (质量分数)共晶Al3Fe相尺寸逐渐增大. 并对混合稀土对共晶Al-2?合金组织形态的影响机制进行了探讨.     

富钇混合稀土和热处理对Mg—Zn—Zr系镁合金的组织及相结构的影响

富钇混合稀土对Mg-Zn-Zr系镁合金的铸造组织及组成相无显著影响。MB25合金(含高纯金属钇)和MB26合金(含富钇混合稀土)的铸造组织都是在α-Mg晶界上分布着大量的Z+β网状共晶化合物相(以Z相为主),其区别在于铸态MB26合金的晶界共晶相中溶有少量的镧、铈、错、钕、钆和镝等多种稀土元素。均匀化处理和挤压热加工都能使铸态MB26合金发生不同程度的相变,并在不同程度上改变铸态合金的组织和相结构。随着从挤压到均匀化处理温度的提高,其相变过程是从Z相中锌的扩散相变开始到β、W共晶相各自完成共析转变结束。     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行 第六讲 金属材料中稀土元素的测定(续)

了解稀土元素在镁合金中的作用及其加入量对试验、提高或改进镁合金中稀土元素的测定方法是有利的。从以上的叙述可知稀土元素可以单一稀土（钇、铈或钕等）的形式或以混合稀土的形式加入于镁合金中；含量低至w（RE）0．15％，高至4％（我国镁合金）和10％（美国标准）。因此镁合金中稀土的测定方法应能适应合金的实际情况。     

微量RE对接触线用铜合金时效析出特性和软化温度的影响

探讨了微量稀土Ce,Y及混合稀土Ce+Y等对电气化铁路接触线用Cu-Cr-Zr合金的时效析出特性和软化温度的影响。Cu-Cr-Zr合金中加入微量稀土元素并经950℃×1h固溶、480℃时效处理后,可有效地提高合金的显微硬度,而电导率略有降低。时效前冷变形能使合金产生明显的时效硬化,对固溶后的Cu-Cr-Zr合金和Cu-Cr-Zr-RE合金施以60%冷变形再进行480℃时效处理,其显微硬度和导电率较固溶后直接进行时效处理均有明显提高。微量添加的稀土元素对合金的抗软化性能均有改善作用,其中以混合稀土Ce+Y对合金抗软化性能的改善作用最为显著,可将Cu-Cr-Zr合金的软化温度提高约45℃。     

Effect of Molybdenum (Mo) Addition on Phase Composition,Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Pre-Alloyed Ti6Al4V Using Spark Plasma Sintering Technique

The effect of molybdenum additions on the phases, microstructures, and mechanical properties of pre-alloyed Ti6Al4V was studied through the spark plasma sintering technique. Ti6Al4V-xMo (where x = 0, 2, 4, 6 wt.% of Mo) alloys were developed, and the sintered compacts were characterized in terms of their phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties. The results show that the equiaxed primary alpha and Widmänstatten (alpha + beta) microstructure in pre-alloyed Ti6Al4V is transformed into a duplex and globular model with the increasing content of Mo from 0 to 6%. The changing pattern of the microstructure of the sample strongly influences the properties of the material. The solid solution hardening element such as Mo enhances mechanical properties such as yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, ductility, and hardness compared with the pre-alloyed Ti6Al4V alloy.     

Influence of Ti additions on the martensitic phase transformation and mechanical properties of Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloys

The effect of Ti additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloys (SMA) was studied by means of a differential scanning calorimeter, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), a tensile test, a hardness test, and a shape memory effect test. The experimental results show that the Ti additions have an effective influence on the phase transformation behavior through generating a new phase into the microstructure, which is known as X-phase and/or controlling the grain size. The results of the XRD confirmed that the X-phase is a combination of two compounds, AlNi₂Ti and Ti₃·3Al. Nevertheless, it was found that with 0.7 mass% of Ti, the best phase transformation temperatures and mechanical properties were obtained. These improvements were due to the highest existence of the X-phase into the alloy along with a noticeable decrement of grain size. The Ti additions to the Cu–Al–Ni SMA were found to increase the ductility from 1.65 to 3.2 %, corresponding with increasing the strain recovery by the shape memory effect from 50 to 100 %; in other words, a complete recovery occurred after Ti additions.     

Magnesium–lithium alloys with TiB and Sr additions

The ultralight hypoeutectic α-phase Mg–4.5Li–1.5Al alloy and hypereutectic β-phase Mg–12Li–1.5Al alloy in as-cast state were fabricated and subjected to modification by 0.2 mass% TiB and 0.2 mass% Sr grain modifiers. The crystallisation sequence of Mg–Li–Al alloys has been investigated in detail by using thermal-derivative analysis and microstructural observations. The presented work includes the effects of grain refiners on grain size and microstructure and thermal events registered during crystallisation of ultralight Mg–Li–Al alloys by recording and analysis of the temperature vs time, i.e. as T_N, T_α, T_β, T_η(LiAl) and T_SOL. Microstructure and phase observation has been done by light microscope, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The changes of characteristic temperature points for phase transformation are studied in detail. Due to the addition of 0.2 mass% TiB and 0.2 mass% Sr, the grain structure of the alloy was refined, and mechanical properties were improved. When a TiB and Sr added simultaneously, the average grain size of the analysed alloys strongly decreases. When the TiB or Sr content was severally added, a low effect of improvements of mechanical properties was observed. With the TiB and Sr content, the liquidus and solidus decrease gradually.

     

Mg-Y合金的电子理论研究

添加稀土元素Y,可以显著提高镁合金的力学性能特别是高温力学性能。通过固体与分子经验电子理论(EET)对Mg-Y合金进行了价电子结构分析：纯金属晶体计算结果显示Y应处于第五杂阶,证实了Mg应处于第三杂阶。对比Mg-Al合金,阐明了Y优于Al在镁合金中的固溶强化作用的电子理论依据是键能得到增强;同时用电子理论解释了Mg24Y5中间相在镁合金中具有显著强化作用的原因是Y原子占据八面体中心位置,Mg—Y键有效强化了合金基体。     

Anodic film formation on binary Al?Mg and Al?Ti alloys in nitric acid

Nitric acid is commonly used for surface treatments of aluminium alloys. It is used to clean the surfaces after alkaline etching; it has application in chemical polishing and is also used for electrograining. The majority of these treatments undergo the application of anodic polarisation that results in formation of anodic oxide film. However, little is known about the behaviour of aluminium containing magnesium or titanium in solid solution under such conditions. To reveal the effects of magnesium and titanium alloying additions on anodic film formation in nitric acid, Al‐1800 ppm Mg and Al‐800 ppm Ti alloys were investigated. It was found that porous alumina film developed on the surfaces with reduced efficiency of 40%, due to the reactive nature of nitric acid to alumina. The presence of magnesium and titanium in aluminium had little influence on the efficiency of film growth, as confirmed by the relatively similar thicknesses of oxide formed on binary alloys and aluminium. However, incorporation of magnesium ions into the alumina film led to development of a high‐population density of localised voids near the alloy/film interface. An increased titanium content was found in the film regions close to the alloy/film interface, indicating its oxidation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Microstructural properties of sintered Al–Cu–Mg–Sn alloys

A non-commercial Al4Cu0.5Mg alloy has been used for investigating the effects of the elemental Sn additions. Uniaxial die compaction response of the alloys in terms of green density was examined, and the results showed that Sn addition has no effect when compacting conducted under high pressures. In total, 93–95% green density was achieved with an applied pressure of 400 MPa. Thermal events occurring during the sintering of the emerging alloys were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). First thermal event on the DSC analysis of the Al4Cu0.5Mg1Sn alloy is the melting of elemental Sn, whereas for Al4Cu0.5Mg alloy, it is the formation of Al–Mg liquid nearly at 450 °C. Also it is clearly seen on the DSC analysis that Sn addition led to an increase in the formation enthalpy of Al–Mg liquid phase. High Sn content and high sintering temperature (620 °C), therefore high liquid-phase content, caused decrease on the mechanical properties due to thick intergranular phases and grain coarsening. Highest transverse rupture strength and hardness values were obtained from Al4Cu0.5Mg0.1Sn alloy sintered at 600 °C and measured as 390 MPa and 73 HB, respectively.     

钕对Mg7Zn2Al镁合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、XRD、SEM和万能实验机等手段研究了稀土Nd(0.3%,0.6%,0.9%)对Mg7Zn2Al镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Mg7Zn2Al镁合金中添加Nd后,显微组织中有针状或棒状的Al2Nd和AlNd等稀土相生成,合金中的共晶组织(α-Mg+Mg32(Al,Zn)49+Mg7Zn3)得到了明显细化;但是α-Mg有粗化趋势,呈现发达的树枝状或胞状,共晶相由粗大连续的网状变为细小的块状或颗粒状分布在树枝晶的一次枝晶臂或二次枝晶臂的间隙。随着Nd含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度和延伸率呈逐渐下降趋势,显微组织的粗化是造成合金拉伸性能降低的主要原因,而硬度没有明显的变化。     

钇对Mg-9Al-1Si合金蠕变抗力和微观组织的影响

研究了Mg-9Al-1Si-xY合金的高温蠕变性能及其微观组织与力学性能的关系。该合金中的主要强化相Mg2Si呈粗大的汉字状，分布在晶界的周围，在受到应力时，这种汉字状相与基体的界面处易产生微裂纹，降低合金的抗拉强度、塑性等力学性能。在Mg-9Al-1Si合金中加入微量的Y以后，合金的组织得到明显的细化，Mg2Si强化相形貌由粗大的汉字状转变为细小、弥散分布的颗粒状。显微组织的改善，使得Mg-9Al-1Si合金的室温和高温力学性能均有一定的提高，并明显改善了Mg-9Al-1Si的抗蠕变性能。     

The Effects of a Trace Amount of Manganese and the Homogenization on the Recrystallization of Al–7Mg–0.15Ti Alloys

The aim of this study is to explore the effects of Manganese addition and homogenization treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the Al–7Mg–0.15Ti (B535.0) alloy. The optical microscopy, electrical conductivity measurements, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM + EBSD), as well as Rockwell hardness and tensile tests, were exploited for this purpose. The main objectives are to refine the grain size, inhibit grain growth in the annealed state, and enhance the mechanical strength of the alloy. The results show that the addition of manganese to the Al–7Mg–0.15Ti alloys refined the as-cast and recrystallized grains of the alloys. During the homogenization process, Al₄Mn high-temperature stable dispersoids were precipitated in the aluminum matrix. After annealing, the Al₄Mn particles blocked the movement of grain boundaries during the growth of the recrystallized grains and inhibited grain growth. Consequently, the annealed alloys showed grain refinement and dispersion strengthening. The Al₄Mn dispersoids of the alloys with manganese added were smaller and denser after a two-stage homogenization process compared to those that underwent a one-stage homogenization process. By contrast, for the alloys without the addition of manganese, the recrystallized grains showed normal growth after annealing, and different homogenization processes had no significantly different effects.     

The effects of a eutectic modifier on microstructure and surface corrosion behavior of Al-Si hypoeutectic alloys

Hypoeutectic aluminum–silicon alloys can have significant improvements in mechanical properties by inducing structural modification in the normally occurring eutectic. The eutectic modification may affect not only the mechanical properties but also the corrosion resistance of such alloys. It is well known that structural parameters such as grain size and interdendritic spacing can significantly affect corrosion resistance of alloys. However, to date, few researches have been performed to experimentally evaluate the effects of an effective modification of eutectic morphology on surface corrosion behavior of Al–Si alloys. In the present study, modified and unmodified samples of an Al 9 wt.% Si alloy were solidified under similar solidification conditions, and after metallographic procedures, the corrosion resistance was analyzed by both the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique and the Tafel extrapolation method carried out in a 0.5 M NaCl test solution at 25 °C. The impedance parameters and corrosion rate were obtained from an equivalent circuit analysis. It was found that the Al-9 wt.% Si alloy casting in the modified condition tends to have its corrosion resistance decreased when compared to the unmodified alloy.