介质阻挡放电系统中超四边形斑图形成的实验研究

采用水电极介质阻挡放电装置,在氩气和空气的混合气体放电中,对超四边形斑图的形成进行了实验研究.发现随着外加电压的升高,斑图类型经历了四边形斑图、准超点阵斑图、超四边形斑图、条纹斑图或六边形斑图的演化顺序.对这些斑图进行了傅里叶谱分析,得到了空间模式随电压的变化关系.此外,在外加电压升高的过程中,出现了具有不同空间尺度的两种超四边形斑图,它们满足不同的驻波条件.分析了壁电荷在超四边形斑图形成中的作用.实验测量了斑图类型随气隙间距和外加电压变化的相图以及超四边形斑图随气隙间距和气隙气压变化的相图.测量了击穿电 关键词： 介质阻挡放电 斑图 壁电荷 放电参量     

氩气放电中四边形发光斑图形成过程研究

采用介质阻挡放电装置,在不同的边界条件下，在大气压氩气放电中观察到了稳定的四边形发光斑图. 采用光电倍增管，在纳秒时间尺度测量了四边形斑图的时空动力学, 发现它是由两套具有时间反演行为的四边形子结构交替振荡并相互嵌套而成的. 讨论了介质表面的壁电荷分布对发光斑图的形成及其时空动力学行为的影响. 关键词： 介质阻挡放电 四边形斑图 壁电荷     

大气压氩气介质阻挡放电中的四边形斑图和六边形斑图

在大气压氩气介质阻挡放电中，研究了斑图形成随放电条件的变化.观察到随电压的增加，斑图经历六边形—四边形—具有辉光背景的四边形—具有辉光背景的六边形的转变过程.其空间波长与放电丝密度也随之改变.在一定的放电条件下，斑图涌现出辉光背景，此时空间波长与放电丝密度保持不变，但放电丝每半周期放电脉冲数由一次变为两次. 关键词： 介质阻挡放电 四边形斑图 六边形斑图 空间波长     

介质阻挡放电中两种不同时空对称性的六边形发光斑图

采用水电极介质阻挡放电装置，在大气压氩气放电中，在低电压区和高电压区，观察到两种具有不同时空特性的六边形点阵发光斑图.低压区的六边形斑图空间波长及单元直径均小于高压区的六边形斑图的相应量；高压区的六边形斑图具有较亮的背景，而低压区的六边形则没有.通过对两种六边形发光斑图进行时空动力学测量，发现低压区六边形是由两套长方形子点阵嵌套而成的，且这两套子点阵的出现顺序交替变化；而高压区六边形点阵斑图的所有单元基本是同步的.最后讨论了壁电荷对斑图的时空动力学行为的影响. 关键词： 介质阻挡放电 六边形斑图 时间相关性     

介质阻挡放电六边形斑图稳定过程的光谱研究

采用发射光谱法,首次研究了等离子体参数及激发状态对介质阻挡放电六边形斑图稳定性的影响。在氩气/空气混合气体的介质阻挡放电中,随着电压的升高,放电丝直径增大,六边形斑图逐渐稳定,同时放电颜色由紫色逐渐变为灰白色,说明其等离子体状态及参数可能发生了变化。测量了六边形斑图放电过程中氮分子谱线和氩原子谱线相对于氩原子763.51 nm的相对强度、分子振动温度和电子激发温度随外加电压的变化。结果发现：氮分子谱线相对强度随电压增加而降低,氩原子谱线相对强度却升高;分子振动温度与电子激发温度均随电压增加而增大。这些现象表明：随着电压增大,电子能量增加。由此,氩原子激发增多,放电丝直径增大,介质表面上沉积的壁电荷面积增大,放电丝之间的相互作用增强,六边形斑图趋于稳定。     

Air/Ar介质阻挡放电中正方形斑图的特性研究

在大气压Air/Ar介质阻挡放电中，研究了正方形斑图的特性随空气相对含量χ的变化规律.得到了正方形斑图的空间波长和运动速度随空气相对含量的变化关系曲线.实验发现：不同的放电气隙间距下，正方形斑图的空间波长均随空气相对含量的增大而减小；正方形斑图的运动速度也与空气相对含量的大小密切相关，当空气相对含量约为10％时，正方形斑图的运动速度达到最大值14 mm/s. 关键词： 介质阻挡放电 正方形斑图 空气相对含量     

大气压介质阻挡放电中的自组织斑图结构

采用水作为电极,对大气压介质阻挡放电中的自组织斑图结构进行了研究,观测到了规则的斑图结构(包括准六边形斑图和条带状斑图)和不规则的斑图结构.实验发现斑图中放电丝的密度随着电介质层厚度的增加及放电气隙宽度变大而减小,而随外加电压及频率增大而增大.采用空间相关函数的方法分析了准六边形斑图结构中的放电丝分布与驱动电源电压的关系 关键词： 介质阻挡放电 自组织斑图 放电丝密度 空间相关函数     

介质阻挡放电中点线超四边形发光斑图研究

采用光电倍增管和光谱仪,研究了介质阻挡放电中点线超四边形发光斑图的时空结构和等离子参数。通过对斑图中放电丝光信号的采集和分析可知:点线超四边形斑图是由四套不同的子结构相互嵌套而成,在每半个电压周期内依次为小点四边形、大点连线、大点晕和位于大点中心的小点四边形。其中前三套子结构在电压上升沿放电,最后一套在电压下降沿放电。利用发射光谱法,采集了氮分子(N2)第二正带系(C3Πu→B3Πg)发射谱线,并计算得到了点线超四边形斑图中不同子结构的分子振动温度。结果表明:小点、大点连线和大点的分子振动温度几乎相同。讨论了介质表面的壁电荷分布对点线超四边形斑图的形成及其时空动力学行为的影响。     

介质阻挡放电中白眼斑图的分子振动温度

在空气和氩气的混合气体介质阻挡放电中,得到了白眼斑图,其晶胞是由一个封闭六边形包围一个亮点所组成。观察发现,该斑图单个晶胞上中心点、六边形顶点及六边形边上呈现出三种不同的亮暗状态。该工作利用光谱方法,分别对白眼斑图单个晶胞以上三处的振动温度进行了测量,并研究了它们随氩气含量的变化。振动温度是根据氮分子的第二正带系(C3Π_u→B3Π_g)的发射谱线计算的。结果表明：白眼斑图中的中心点、六边形的顶点以及六边形边上中点的振动温度依次升高,且均随氩气含量的增加而减小。     

大气压氩气放电六边形斑图的电子激发温度研究

采用特殊设计的气体介质阻挡放电实验装置,对大气压氩气放电六边形斑图的放电信号及激发光谱进行了测量。采用发射光谱强度比法,计算了放电丝呈六边形斑图时的电子激发温度。实验发现,随着驱动电压频率的升高,六边形斑图的电子激发温度明显升高,各放电通道之间的放电时间相关程度提高。该工作对控制斑图的形成和研究斑图动力学具有重要参考价值。     

双层耦合介质中四边形图灵斑图的数值研究

采用双层线性耦合Lengyel-Epstein模型,在二维空间对简单正四边和超点阵四边形进行了数值分析.结果表明:当两子系统波数比N1时,随耦合强度的增大,基模的波矢空间共振形式发生改变,系统由简单六边形自发演化为结构复杂的新型斑图,除已报道的超六边形外,还获得了简单正四边和多种超点阵四边形,包括大小点、点线、白眼和环状超四边等斑图.当耦合系数α和β在一定范围内同步增大时,两子系统形成相同波长的Ⅰ型简单正四边;当α和β不同步增大时,由于两图灵模在短波子系统形成共振,系统斑图经相变发生Ⅰ型正四边→Ⅱ型正四边→超点阵四边形的转变;当系统失去耦合作用时,短波子系统波长为λ的Ⅰ型正四边斑图迅速失稳并形成波长为λ/N的Ⅰ型正四边,随模拟时间的延长,两子系统中不同波长的正四边均会经相变发生Ⅰ型正四边→Ⅱ型正四边→六边形的转变.     

Spatial resonances and superposition patterns in a reaction-diffusion model with interacting Turing modes

Spatial resonances leading to superlattice hexagonal patterns, known as "black-eyes," and superposition patterns combining stripes and/or spots are studied in a reaction-diffusion model of two interacting Turing modes with different wavelengths. A three-phase oscillatory interlacing hexagonal lattice pattern is also found, and its appearance is attributed to resonance between a Turing mode and its subharmonic.     

介质阻挡放电中放电丝结构相变过程研究

在氩气和空气混合气体介质阻挡放电中,研究了放电丝结构随外加电压及气体压强的变化,并从二维体系相变的角度进行了分析.随着电压的增加,放电丝结构的演变过程为:稀疏的随机放电丝—稠密的随机放电丝—六边形结构—超六边形结构—混沌态,此过程相应于二维体系的气相—液相—简单晶体—超点阵晶体—液相的相变过程.实验还研究了相变过程中超六边形形成中晶格常数及相邻格点间距离的变化、超六边形结构中大点的形成过程以及超六边形结构的Penta-Hepta缺陷.     

Superlattice Patterns in Coupled Turing Systems

In this paper, superlattice patterns have been investigated by using a two linearly coupled Brusselator model. It is found that superlattice patterns can only be induced in the sub-system with the short wavelength. Three different coupling methods have been used in order to investigate the mode interaction between the two Turing modes. It is proved in the simulations that interaction between activators in the two sub-systems leads to spontaneous formation of black eye pattern and/or white eye patterns while interaction between inhibitors leads to spontaneous formation of super-hexagonal pattern. It is also demonstrated that the same symmetries of the two modes and suitable wavelength ratio of the two modes should also be satisfied to form superlattice patterns.     

Observation and investigation of graphite superlattice boundaries by scanning tunneling microscopy

In this article, we report on scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) observations of several different kinds of superlattice boundaries on highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) including an array of bead-like structures, a monolayer deep trench, a zig-zag shaped termination, and a plain boundary without features. Results of a simulation model show that a top rotated graphite layer with a straight boundary does not necessarily lead to the zig-zag shaped boundary of the resulting superlattice as has been previously claimed. The formation of the bead-like, trench, and zig-zag shaped boundaries is explained from the energetic point of view. Our study also shows evidence for the superlattice-mediated observation of a low-angle grain boundary with a varying tilt angle. A relationship between the periodicity of the boundary dislocations and the periodicity of the superlattice across the boundary is derived. The result of this work is important for an understanding of superlattices on graphite whose origin is not yet completely understood.     

Creation of an atomic superlattice by immersing metallic adatoms in a two-dimensional electron sea

Cerium adatoms, deposited on a Ag(111) surface, are found by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy to self-assemble into large ordered hexagonal arrays covering macroscopically the entire surface. We show that the 32 A periodicity of the superlattice is caused by the interaction of surface-state electrons with Ce adatoms and that the large-scale formation of the superlattice is governed by a subtle balance between the sample temperature, the surface diffusion barrier, and the concentration-dependent adatom interaction potential.     

Charge density waves in 2HNbSe2

The formation of a weak superlattice in transmission electron diffraction patterns of the hexagonal layered superconductor 2HNbSe₂ below 35 K is reported. Based on the temperature dependence of the superlattice reflexion intensity down to 17 K and by comparison with related layer materials, an interpretation of these effects in terms of a charge density wave coupled to a periodic lattice distortion is proposed.     

Frequency multiplication using induced dipole domains in a semiconductor superlattice

We theoretically studied the possibility of frequency multiplication using propagating dipole domains which are induced in a semiconductor superlattice by microwave radiation. We have investigated the dynamics of electrons in a superlattice submitted to both a static voltage and a microwave field by performing a simulation based on a drift-diffusion model and incorporating current-limiting boundary conditions. The motion of electrons in the superlattice was governed by an Esaki–Tsu drift velocity field characteristic with a negative differential mobility above a critical electrical field. The simulation delivered, for a static voltage larger than a critical voltage, the periodic formation and annihilation of propagating dipole domains and, as a consequence, a reduction of the direct current through the superlattice. Our simulation showed that an additional microwave field can periodically induce and subsequently quench domains giving rise to a strongly anharmonic current. The anharmonicity of the current is the origin for the generation of higher harmonics of the microwave field. Both the formation and annihilation of a domain can take place within a time of about 1 ps suggesting that the mechanism of domain induction and quenching can be used for generation of radiation up to almost 1 THz.     

Turing patterns beyond hexagons and stripes

The best known Turing patterns are composed of stripes or simple hexagonal arrangements of spots. Until recently, Turing patterns with other geometries have been observed only rarely. Here we present experimental studies and mathematical modeling of the formation and stability of hexagonal and square Turing superlattice patterns in a photosensitive reaction-diffusion system. The superlattices develop from initial conditions created by illuminating the system through a mask consisting of a simple hexagonal or square lattice with a wavelength close to a multiple of the intrinsic Turing pattern's wavelength. We show that interaction of the photochemical periodic forcing with the Turing instability generates multiple spatial harmonics of the forcing patterns. The harmonics situated within the Turing instability band survive after the illumination is switched off and form superlattices. The square superlattices are the first examples of time-independent square Turing patterns. We also demonstrate that in a system where the Turing band is slightly below criticality, spatially uniform internal or external oscillations can create oscillating square patterns.