核物质中π分子引起的粒子–空穴和△-空穴激发

以π介子为例给出了正确计算核物质中粒子-空穴激发的相对论方法,指出了它与通常计算方法的区别及通常计算方法中所作近似的不合理性.并与非相对论的粒子-空穴激发的色散关系进行了比较.我们还用这一方法计算并给出了△-空穴激发的表达式.     

空穴晶体

众所周知，金属与半导体都是以正离子排列在一定的点阵上，形成各种不同的晶体结构，通常在晶格点阵的周围环绕着大量带负电的电子，它们处于不同的能级或能带上．当一个电子从低能级或低能带上跃迁到高能级或高能带时就会留下一个空穴，这些空穴同样可以起着一个粒子的作用．最近德国Christian Albrechts大学的Bonitz M教授所领导的研究组提出了一个相反的问题，即完全是由空穴处于点阵位置上形成的一种“空穴晶体”，空穴晶体沉浸在粒子的海洋中。     

Dawson–Furnstahl计算方案与Dirac空穴理论的联系

在相对论无规位相近似中,有两种顾及负能态贡献的方法.一种是由Dawson和Furnstahl(DF)提出的计算方案.他们假定Dirac海是空的.另外一种就是Dirac空穴理论,它认为负能海的全充满的.这两种方法在顾及负能态贡献上看似完全对立.文章中考察了这两种方法的关系,并给出了DF方法的适用范围.     

N－N关联和有限核相对论平均场方法

密度有关的核子－介子相互作用耦合常数是在相对论平均场近似下用核物质的相对论Ｂｒｕｅｃｋｎｅｒ－Ｈａｒｔｒｅｅ－Ｆｏｃｋ近似计算的自能参数化得到的．这种密度有关的相互作用考虑了介质中Ｎ－Ｎ关联效应，用这种密度有关的相互作用来研究有限核的基态性质，如单粒子能级，平均结合能，电荷均方根半径，与实验值较好地符合，同时还与其它模型的结果进行了比较。     

掺杂KNSBN晶体中的电子—空穴竞争

通过测量掺杂ＫＮＳＢＮ晶体光折变光栅记录和擦除动态特性，首次分析了掺杂ＫＮＳＢＮ晶体中的电子－空穴竞争，根据耦合波理论，指出，响应时间越快的晶体，电子－空穴竞争越激烈，因而导致净调制折射率越小，衍射效率赵低，最后，分析了空穴产生的原因，并估算有效载流子浓度为１０＾１５／ｃｍ＾３量级。     

粒子空穴在束缚条件下严格考虑泡利效应的态密度

推导出了等间隔模型的粒子-空穴态密度公式.这个公式严格地考虑了泡利效应,包含了对修正并考虑了粒子、空穴受到一定的约束条件.公式便于计算,便于推广至中子、质子区分的情况,计算结果表明泡利效应及对效应的影响是不容忽视的.     

核内核子－核子非弹散射截面（Ⅱ）

在自洽的相对论框架内，研究了介质的屏蔽效应对核内核子－核子非弹散射截面的影响．     

多粒子空穴态密度中泡利原理效应

本文提出了一个严格求解多粒子空穴态密度中泡利原理效应的方法,并以激子模型为例给出了等间隔单粒子能级密度模型中的态密度的精确表示以及泡利原理修正值,结果表明,严格的泡利修正值要比以往用的Kalbach近似值大一倍多,相应地,激子态间隔跃迁平衡激子数也出现明显变化.     

大型壳模型计算中的截断效应对132Sn附近丰中子空穴核能级结构的影响

以双幻核132Sn以及附近的空穴核131Sn,130Sn,131In,130In,130Cd为例,研究了大型壳模型计算中的截断效应对该核区能级结构以及电四极跃迁的影响,其中截断包括了有无中子跨壳激发,以及限制轨道粒子数两种情况。计算结果表明,只有在允许质子跨壳激发的情况下才能给出130In与实验相符的基态能级,而允许两个中子的跨壳激发则会改善132Sn的低激发能级结构。此外中子壳芯激发也会对该核区空穴核的低激发能级有一定的影响,相应低能态之间的电四极跃迁则更加敏感地反映出了空间截断效应的影响。With two different truncations, i.e., neutron core-excitation truncation and orbital particle-number truncation, the research is studied at the truncation effects in shell-model calculations by the hole nuclei of 130Sn, 131Sn, 130In, 130In and 130Cd. We found that the right ground state of 130In needs proton core-excitation in shell model space, and allowing two neutron core-excitations will promote the low-lying states in 132Sn. The neutron core-excitations will also slightly affect the low-lying levels of hole-nuclei close to 132Sn, and the values of BE2 between the corresponded low-lying states reflect more obviously to the neutron core-excitations.     

半导体中电子-空穴对的相干态、复合辐射和噪声压缩

本文讨论了在光的相干激发下,半导体中电子-空穴对的玻色近似和SU(2)相干态的产生,讨论了两种情形下电子-空穴对噪声特性和复合辐射特性,给出了电子-空穴对的二阶相干函数和分布函数,说明了玻色近似相当于SU(2)群到谐振子群的收缩。 关键词：     

The Collective Excitation Spectra of σ, ω and π Mesons in Nuclear Matter

The recent progress on the study of the collective excitation in relativistic nuclear matter is reviewed. The collective excitation modes are derived by meson propagators in nuclear matter. The mesons we studied are σ, ω, γ and π mesons. For pion, we derived not only the relativistic particle-hole, delta-hole excitations but also antiparticle excitations, suchas particle-antiparticle, antidelta-particle, delta-antiparticle excitations. By calculating the dispersion relation and the spin-isospin-dependent response function, the effects of all these excitation are studied.     

Study of the Binding Energy of Relativistic Nuclear Matter in the Relativistic σ-ω-π Model

A relativistic σ-ω-π model is proposed to calculate the binding energy of relativistic nuclear matter. We put emphasis on the relativistic particle-hole, delta-hole excitation of pion propagator in nuclear matter. The renormalization of the nucleon self-energy in nuclear matter is made for the pseudo-vector πNN and πNΔ couplings by introducing corresponding form factor and by dispersion relation. We find that the density dependence correction to meson-NN coupling constants is very important to saturate the binding energy of nuclear matter. The density dependence correction to πNN and πNΔ coupling constants has the effect of softening the EOS of nuclear matter.     

The study of the binding energy of nuclear matter in the relativistic σ− ω− π model with Δ isobar degree of freedom

The relativistic σ?ω?π model is proposed and used to calculate the binding energy of relativistic nuclear matter. By coupling Δ isobar to the σ meson, the zero-point fluctuation energy of the Δ isobar in the one loop approximation is derived. We calculate the effective mass of nucleon and Δ isobar, exchange and correlation energies, pressure and incompressibility of nuclear matter. The density dependence correction to σNN ωNN coupling constants is a very important mechanism to saturate the binding energy. The pion propagator is nuclear matter is constructed by the relativistic particle-hole, delta-hole and short-range correlation. The pion dispersion relation is calculated we find it’s very sensitive to the effective mass of nucleon and Δ isobar.     

Relativistic Particle-Hole and Delta-Hole Excitations for Pion Propagator in Nuclear Matter

The relativistic particle-hole and delta-hole polarization insertions for pion propagator are calculated by using particle-hole-antiparticle representation of nucleon and delta propagators in nuclear matter. The short-range correlations between nucleon-nucleon, nucleon-delta and delta-delta are included via Landau-Migdal parameter g' in the random phase approximation. We calculate the dispersion relations for pions and find out that the damped pion condensation is removed by the short-range correlation and there is a long gap in the dispersion relation.     

Pions in isospin asymmetric matter and nuclear Drell-Yan scattering

Using a self-consistent delta-hole model the pion propagation in isospin asymmetric nuclear matter is studied. In neutron-rich matter, corresponding to heavy nuclei, a significant difference in positive and negative pion light-cone distributions is obtained leading to a nuclear enhancement of up antiquark distribution compared to the down antiquark one. This means that the sea-quark asymmetry in the free nucleon cannot be extracted model independently from an experiment on a neutron-rich nucleus.     

A Study of Giant Monopole an. d. Quadrupole States in the Relativistic Thomas-Fermi Approximation

The isoscalar giant monopole and quadrupole states in finite nuclei are studied in a relativistic δ-ω model by making use of a local Lorentz boost and scaling method, and the nuclear surface and the density distribution are treated in the relativistic Thomas-Fekmi approximation.The excitation energies of the giant resonances are self-consistently calculated. It is found that the excitation energies of giant monopole arehbasically in agreement with experimental data for all nuclei and those of giant quadrupole for light nuclei. Coupling constants and δ-meson mass in the theory are chosen to fit static properties of nuclear matter.     

The phase transition to the quark-gluon plasma and its effect on hydrodynamic flow

It is shown that in ideal relativistic hydrodynamics a phase transition from hadron to quark and gluon degrees of freedom in the nuclear matter equation of state leads to a minimum in the excitation function of the transverse collective flow.     

Multifragmentation in peripheral collisions of relativistic heavy ions

The breakup of heavy ions in peripheral collisions at relativistic energies offers a rich field of nuclear studies such as the investigation of nuclear structure, the production of energetic beams of exotic nuclei and studies of hot nuclear matter. Examples of recent experimental results obtained at GSI Darmstadt with the heavy ion synchrotron SIS will be discussed with emphasis on the nuclear breakup in the domain from distant collisions without nuclear contact by Coulomb excitation, to peripheral collisions with increasing overlap between projectile and target. The production of relativistic beams of exotic nuclei by fragmentation opens up a new area of nuclear structure research.Invited lecture given at the International School-Workshop Relativistic Heavy-Ion Physics, Prague (Czech Republic), 19–23 September 1994.     

Giant monopole and quadrupole states in the relativistic σ-ω model

Giant monopole and quadrupole states in the relativistic σ-ω model are studied with use of a local Lorentz boost and scaling method. In assuming nuclear matter, those excitation energies are expressed in a simple way in terms of the relativistic Landau parameters, and the expressions are formally very similar to nonrelativistic ones. In the σ-ω model, however, the values of the Landau parameters themselves are dominated by relativistic effects. Unlike the restoring forces depending on the Landau parameters, the mass parameters of these states are little affected by relativity.     

Nuclear matter properties in the relativistic Λ-approximations

In the framework of relativistic nuclear field theory the nuclear matter parameters were calculated in the so-called Λ⁰⁰- and approximation of the Green function theory. For the nucleon-meson coupling constants we used parameter sets given by the Bonn and Groningen group. The results show no significant differences with those obtained from the relativistic Brueckner theory.