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1.
The use of nanotechnology in bioanalytical devices has special advantages in the detection of toxins of interest in food safety and environmental applications. The low levels to be detected and the small size of toxins justify the increasing number of publications dealing with electrochemical biosensors, due to their high sensitivity and design versatility. The incorporation of nanomaterials in their development has been exploited to further increase their sensitivity, providing simple and fast devices, with multiplexed capabilities. This paper gives an overview of the electrochemical biosensors that have incorporated carbon and metal nanomaterials in their configurations for the detection of toxins. Biosensing systems based on magnetic beads or integrated into microfluidics systems have also been considered because of their contribution to the development of compact analytical devices. The roles of these materials, the methods used for their incorporation in the biosensor configurations as well as the advantages they provide to the analyses are summarised. 相似文献
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This review covers recent advances in the development of new designs of electrochemical sensors and biosensors that make use of electrode surfaces modification with carbon nanotubes. Applications based on carbon nanotubes-driven electrocatalytic effects, and the construction and analytical usefulness of new hybrid materials with polymers or other nanomaterials will be treated. Moreover, electrochemical detection using carbon nanotubes-modified electrodes as detecting systems in separation techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or capillary electrophoresis (CE) will be also considered. Finally, the preparation of electrochemical biosensors, including enzyme electrodes, immunosensors and DNA biosensors, in which carbon nanotubes play a significant role in their sensing performance will be separately considered. 相似文献
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Ashutosh Kumar Buddhadev Purohit Pawan Kumar Maurya Lalit Mohan Pandey Pranjal Chandra 《Electroanalysis》2019,31(9):1615-1629
The design and development of modern biosensors for sensitive and selective detection of various biomarkers is important in diversified arenas including healthcare, environment, and food industries etc. The requirement of more robust and reliant biosensors lead to the development of various sensing modules. The nanomaterials having specific optical, electrical, and mechanical strength can pave the way towards development of ultrafast, robust, and miniaturized modules for biosensors. It can provide not only the point‐of‐care applicability but also has tremendous commercial as well as industrial justification. In order to improve the performance of the sensor systems, various nanostructure materials have been readily studied and applied for development of novel biosensors. In the last few years, researchers are engaged on harnessing the unique atomic and molecular properties of advance‐engineered materials including carbon nanotubes, graphene nanosheets, metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, and their nano‐conjugates. In view of such recent developments in nanomaterial engineering, the current review has been formulated emphasizing the role of these materials in surface engineering, biomolecule conjugation, and signal amplification for development of various ultrasensitive and robust biosensors having commercial as well as industrial viability. Attention is given on the electrochemical biosensors incorporating various nanomaterials and their conjugates. Importance of nanomaterials in the analytical performance of the various biosensor has also been discussed. To put a perceptive insights on the importance of various nanomaterials, an extended table is incorporated, which includes probe design, analyte, LOD, and dynamic range of various electrochemical biosensors. 相似文献
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Lenka Lorencova Veronika Gajdosova Stefania Hroncekova Tomas Bertok Jana Blahutova Alica Vikartovska Lucia Parrakova Pavol Gemeiner Peter Kasak Jan Tkac 《Electroanalysis》2019,31(10):1833-1844
MXenes are a new group of 2D nanomaterials with fascinating properties including high electrical conductivity, hydrophilic nature, easily tunable structure and high surface area. This is why MXene modified interfaces are extremely promising for the preparation of sensitive electrochemical biosensors. While there are numerous reports on MXene‐based enzymatic biosensors for detection of a wide range of analytes, application of MXene for construction of affinity biosensors is in its infancy. The review article summarizes current state‐of the‐art in the field with a focus on MXene modifications needed for construction of robust and high performance MXene electrochemical biosensors. 相似文献
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Samir A. Bhakta Elizabeth Evans Tomás E. BenavidezAuthor Vitae Carlos D. Garcia 《Analytica chimica acta》2015
An important consideration for the development of biosensors is the adsorption of the biorecognition element to the surface of a substrate. As the first step in the immobilization process, adsorption affects most immobilization routes and much attention is given into the research of this process to maximize the overall activity of the biosensor. The use of nanomaterials, specifically nanoparticles and nanostructured films, offers advantageous properties that can be fine-tuned to maximize interactions with specific proteins to maximize activity, minimize structural changes, and enhance the catalytic step. In the biosensor field, protein–nanomaterial interactions are an emerging trend that span across many disciplines. This review addresses recent publications about the proteins most frequently used, their most relevant characteristics, and the conditions required to adsorb them to nanomaterials. When relevant and available, subsequent analytical figures of merits are discussed for selected biosensors. The general trend amongst the research papers allows concluding that the use of nanomaterials has already provided significant improvements in the analytical performance of many biosensors and that this research field will continue to grow. 相似文献
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Xiao-Ming MA Mi SUN Yue LIN Yin-Jin LIU Fang LUO Long-Hua GUO Bin QIU Zhen-Yu LIN Guo-Nan CHEN 《分析化学》2018,46(1):1-10
Visual detection method is a means of quantitative analysis by the naked eye through the comparison of color intensity or type of change. Owing to its simplicity, low-cost, rapid operation, and equipment-free, visual detection was widely used in the detection of numerous targets. Gold nanomaterials were widely used in the construction of visual biosensors due to its unique optical properties when compared to other nanomaterials. The local surface plasmon resonance absorption peak would change with the variety in the distance or the morphology. Herein, this paper reviewed the application of gold nanomaterials in the construction of visual biosensors for the detection of target molecules. Meanwhile, we pointed out the main problems of gold nanoparticles based colorimetric methods in the determination of actual samples. The forecast of gold nanoparticles based biosensor was also provided at the end of this article. 相似文献
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纳米尺度上的生物分析化学是当今国际生物分析领域研究的前沿和热点.该文阐述了纳米粒子在电化学免疫传感器及电化学DNA传感器领域的应用,着重介绍了以纳米材料为载体设计新型的具有生物分子识别和电信号增强作用的纳米标记粒子在构建高灵敏电化学生物传感器以及多组分同时检测中的应用. 相似文献
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MicroRNA (miRNA) is an important tumor marker in the human body, and its early detection has a great influence on the survival rate of patients. Although there are many detection methods for miRNA at present such as northern blotting, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, microarrays, and others, electrochemical biosensors have the advantages of low detection cost, small instrument size, simple operation, non-invasive detection and low consumption of reagents and solvents, and thus they play an important role in the early detection of cancer. In addition, with the development of nanotechnology, nano-biosensors show great potential. The application of various nanomaterials in the development of electrochemical biosensor has greatly improved the detection sensitivity of electrochemical biosensor. Among them, carbon nanomaterials which have unique electrical, optical, physical and chemical properties have attracted increasing attention. In particular, they have a large surface area, good biocompatibility and conductivity. Therefore, carbon nanomaterials combined with electrochemical methods can be used to detect miRNA quickly, easily and sensitively. In this review, we systematically review recent applications of different carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives, graphitic carbon nitride, carbon dots, graphene quantum dots and other carbon nanomaterials) for miRNA electrochemical detection. In addition, we demonstrate the future prospects of electrochemical biosensors modified by carbon nanomaterials for the detection of miRNAs, and some suggestions for their development in the near future. 相似文献
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Electrochemical biosensors are highly compatible with modern advancements in magnetic nanomaterials. In particular, the versatile nature of magnetic nanomaterials as a universal platform for selective isolation of diverse forms of cancer biomarkers in body circulation, is highly synergistic with electrochemical biosensors for elevating biosensing performance to unprecedented levels. Such diverse circulating target biomolecules include cell surface proteins of circulating tumor cells and extracellular vesicles (EVs), as well as circulating tumor nucleic acids (i.e. ctDNA/ctRNA). This focussed review serves to discuss the latest work in the fields of magnetic nanomaterials and electrochemistry to tackle existing analysis challenges of diverse circulating biomarkers in cancer. 相似文献
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A Ternary Composite Based on Graphene,Hemin, and Gold Nanorods with High Catalytic Activity for the Detection of Cell‐Surface Glycan Expression
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Dr. Jing Liu Xiaoyan Xin Dr. Hong Zhou Prof. Dr. Shusheng Zhang 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(5):1908-1914
A novel graphene‐family ternary composite with high catalytic activity has been developed by using simple synthetic methods. The graphene‐based ternary composite has abundant positively charged Au NRs, which greatly improved the catalytic properties of the graphene‐family of peroxidase mimetics, because of the high electron‐transfer rate of graphene and the synergistic interaction of three components. Sensitive detection of glycan expression on K562 cell surface can be achieved with a low detection limit of 10 cells. This finding constitutes a novel graphene‐family hybrid nanomaterials‐based peroxidase mimetic that is expected to be applied widely in the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells through catalytic reaction of H2O2. 相似文献
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Early diagnosis of diseases with minimal cost and time-consumption has become achievable due to recent advances in the development of biosensors. These devices use biorecognition elements for the selective interaction with an analyte and the signal read-out is obtained via different types of transducers. The operational characteristics of biosensors have been reported as improving substantially when a diverse range of nanomaterials is employed. This review presents the construction of electrochemical biosensors based on graphene, atomically thin 2D carbon crystals, a nanomaterial currently the subject of intensive studies. Here, the most attractive directions for graphene applications in biosensor preparation are discussed, including novel detection and amplification schemes exploiting graphene’s unique electrochemical, physical and chemical properties. There is probably a very bright future for graphene-based biosensors, but much further work is required to fulfill the high expectations. 相似文献
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Chemiluminescence (CL) and bioluminescence (BL) are the detection techniques of choice for the development of highly sensitive
analytical methods, from immunoassays and nucleic acid hybridization assays to whole-cell biosensors. Nevertheless, basic
and applied research on CL and BL aimed at further improving their analytical performance is still very active. This research
covers diverse and complementary fields, including (among others) enhancing the light emission efficiency of CL systems, the
use of nanomaterials to catalyze or enhance CL/BL reactions, the study of BL proteins to elucidate the color modulation mechanism,
the discovery of new BL systems, the production of thermostable BL protein mutants with altered emission spectra, the development
of BL imaging techniques to expand our understanding of living systems, and the implementation of CL/BL detection in miniaturized
analytical devices. In the near future, we expect even greater diffusion of CL/BL-based analytical methods, especially in
portable analytical devices intended for applications ranging from environmental analysis to companion diagnostics for personalized
medicine. 相似文献
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《Analytical letters》2012,45(12):2271-2287
Abstract Carbon nanomaterials are in the forefront of research in a variety of chemical and physical disciplines. Of these, certain nanostructures seem to be suitable for the development of electrochemical biosensors. In particular carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers have specific chemical and physical characteristics that lent them ideal for the development of biosensors with unique analytical characteristics. In particular, their conductivity, surface area, inherent and induced chemical functionalities, and biocompatibility provide the grounds for the development of a new era of electrochemical biosensors. In this review, we will examine the recent developments of biosensor design based on these new nanostructures. 相似文献
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Wenrong Yang Dr. Kyle R. Ratinac Dr. Simon P. Ringer Prof. Pall Thordarson Dr. J. Justin Gooding Prof. Filip Braet Prof. 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2010,49(12):2114-2138
From diagnosis of life‐threatening diseases to detection of biological agents in warfare or terrorist attacks, biosensors are becoming a critical part of modern life. Many recent biosensors have incorporated carbon nanotubes as sensing elements, while a growing body of work has begun to do the same with the emergent nanomaterial graphene, which is effectively an unrolled nanotube. With this widespread use of carbon nanomaterials in biosensors, it is timely to assess how this trend is contributing to the science and applications of biosensors. This Review explores these issues by presenting the latest advances in electrochemical, electrical, and optical biosensors that use carbon nanotubes and graphene, and critically compares the performance of the two carbon allotropes in this application. Ultimately, carbon nanomaterials, although still to meet key challenges in fabrication and handling, have a bright future as biosensors. 相似文献
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Fakhrullin RF Zamaleeva AI Minullina RT Konnova SA Paunov VN 《Chemical Society reviews》2012,41(11):4189-4206
Living cells interfaced with a range of polyelectrolyte coatings, magnetic and noble metal nanoparticles, hard mineral shells and other complex nanomaterials can perform functions often completely different from their original specialisation. Such "cyborg cells" are already finding a range of novel applications in areas like whole cell biosensors, bioelectronics, toxicity microscreening, tissue engineering, cell implant protection and bioanalytical chemistry. In this tutorial review, we describe the development of novel methods for functionalisation of cells with polymers and nanoparticles and comment on future advances in this technology in the light of other literature approaches. We review recent studies on the cell viability and function upon direct deposition of nanoparticles, coating with polyelectrolytes, polymer assisted assembly of nanomaterials and hard shells on the cell surface. The cell toxicity issues are considered for many practical applications in terms of possible adverse effects of the deposited polymers, polyelectrolytes and nanoparticles on the cell surface. 相似文献
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