卷烟主流烟气中8种羰基化合物的超高效液相色谱测定

建立了超高效液相色谱(UPLC）对卷烟主流烟气总粒相物中甲醛、乙醛、丙酮、巴豆醛等8种羰基化合物的测定方法。采用经2,4-二硝基苯肼酸性溶液处理过的剑桥滤片捕集烟气,再用含2%(体积分数）吡啶的乙腈溶液进行萃取,以KinetexTM C18(150 mm×2.1 mm,2.6 μm）为色谱柱,水-乙腈(35∶65）和水-乙腈-四氢呋喃-异丙醇(59∶30∶10∶1）为流动相梯度洗脱,采用二极管阵列检测器进行检测,分析时间为20 min。结果表明,该方法的相关系数r2≥0.999 97,检出限为25.81~67.74 ng/cig,平均加标回收率为95%~99%,相对标准偏差为1.4%~5.8%。各组分峰分离度高、分析时间短、流动相耗量少、结果准确可靠。用该方法对20种不同卷烟牌号样品中8种羰基化合物的含量进行测定,结果满意。     

超高效液相色谱法快速分离卷烟主流烟气中8种羰基化合物

建立了超高效液相色谱法(UPLC),分离卷烟主流烟气中8种羰基化合物。采用Acquity UPLC BEH 2-EP色谱柱(100×3mm,1.7μm)分离,以纯水-乙腈/异丙醇/四氢呋喃(89.9∶10∶0.1,V/V/V)为流动相,等度洗脱8种羰基化合物在12min内可实现有效分离。采用建立的UPLC法和高效液相色谱法对卷烟主流烟气中8种羰基化合物进行分离,结果表明,相比于传统的高效液相色谱法,UPLC法更为快速、高效。     

微波辅助提取样品-正相液相色谱法测定面粉中有机锡化合物

面粉样品用乙酸-正己烷（20+80）溶液提取,所得提取液高速离心后于50℃旋转蒸发至2 mL,用流动相定容至8 ml,并用高效液相色谱法测定样品中有机锡化合物含量。选用CN基色谱柱作固定相,用正己烷-乙腈-四氢呋喃（97+1+2）溶液作流动相,二极管阵列检测器测定波长为214 nm。5种有机锡化合物的检出限（3S/N）在0.14～0.31 mg·L^-1之间。以空白面粉样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在82%～95%之间。     

快速分离柱高效液相色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中的主要羰基化合物

选择2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)为羰基化合物的衍生化试剂,建立了快速分离柱高效液相色谱测定卷烟主流烟气中8种羰基化合物的方法。采用经2,4-二硝基苯肼酸性溶液处理过的剑桥滤片捕集烟气,再用含2%（体积分数）吡啶的乙腈溶液进行萃取,以ZORBAX Stable Bound色谱柱(50 mm×4.6 mm,1.8 μm)进行快速分离,最后由二极管阵列检测器于365 nm下进行检测。该方法的回收率为89.1%～99.2%,相对标准偏差（RSD)在6.0%以下。该方法分析时间短,流动相消耗少,且操作简便、重复性好、回收率高。     

离子交换色谱-脉冲安培法测定卷烟主流烟气中硫化氢

提出了离子交换色谱-脉冲安培检测法分离测定卷烟主流烟气中硫化氢的含量。样品中的硫化氢经含有100 mmol·L^-1氢氧化钠-400 mmol·L^-1乙酸钠-0.5%乙二胺-20 mmol·L^-1抗坏血酸混合溶液捕集后,以IonPacAS7阴离子交换色谱柱为分离柱、100 mmol·L^-1氢氧化钠-400 mmol·L^-1乙酸钠-0.5%乙二胺混合溶液为淋洗液洗脱,银电极为工作电极,pH/Ag/AgCl电极为复合参比电极,用脉冲安培检测法进行测定。硫离子的质量浓度在0.1～5.0 mg·L^-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限为1.52μg·L^-1。方法的加标回收率在92.4%～96.4%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差（n=6）在2.0%～3.3%之间。     

卷烟主流烟气气相水分的捕集及气相色谱法测定

提出了用剑桥滤片捕集烟气粒相物,以异丙醇和乙醇为吸收液、两级碰撞捕集器串联捕集烟气气相物,用气相色谱法测定主流烟气粒相和气相水分含量的方法。试验结果表明:线性范围为0.8～6.0g.L-1,相对标准偏差(n=5)小于2.5%之间,回收率为93.46%～106.15%。采用该法对7种卷烟主流烟气中粒相和气相水分进行测定,烟气总水分含量为6.77～9.43mg.支-1,其中气相水分约占总水分的65%～75%,表明气相水分是研究卷烟品质的重要参数。     

气相色谱-质谱法同时测定烟用辅材中邻苯二甲酸酯与己二酸酯

提出了用气相色谱-质谱法同时测定烟用辅材中7种邻苯二甲酸酯类和4种己二酸酯类增塑剂的含量。样品用异丙醇-环己烷（3+2）溶液超声提取,通过DB-5MS色谱柱分离,采用选择离子监测模式进行测定。11种增塑剂的质量浓度均在0.012～1.2 mg·L^-1浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限（3S/N）在0.022～0.038μg·g^-1之间。以不同种类的烟用辅材样品为基体,在3个浓度水平下进行回收试验,方法的回收率在84.0%～112%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差（n=5）在3.2%～8.5%之间。     

固相萃取毛细管气相色谱法测定卷烟滤嘴中7种挥发性羰基化合物

建立了SPE-GC测定卷烟滤嘴中7种挥发性羰基化合物,采用2,4-二硝基苯肼酸性溶液捕集滤嘴中挥发性羰基化合物,捕集液经Waters C18固相萃取小柱纯化和富集,用GC检测.7种羰基化合物检出限分别为0.02、 0.07、 0.04、 0.03、 0.03、 0.02、 0.03 μg/mL;回收率范围在92.0%～99.5%之间;相对标准偏差均小于5%.方法应用于国内5种烤烟型卷烟滤嘴的分析,得到理想结果.     

离子色谱法测定卷烟烟气中氨

用离子色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中氨。选取同一包装中的卷烟,按行标YC/T 29-1996的规定用吸烟机抽吸。用剑桥滤片捕集卷烟烟气粒相部分,将所得滤片用0.005 mol.L-1盐酸溶液提纯。用0.005 mol.L-1盐酸溶液吸收卷烟烟气气相部分。将两份盐酸溶液合并后再通过装填有MCI-GEL反相树脂的固相萃取柱除去焦油和烟碱类物质,然后用离子色谱测定氨。方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.006 mg.L-1。在吸烟所得提取液中的加标回收率在95.6%~102.5%之间。试样平行7次测定的相对标准偏差为3.1%。方法用于10种品牌卷烟中氨的测定,氨量范围为7.62~14.0μg.支-1。     

离子色谱法及聚类分析研究主流烟气中的有机酸

建立了超声辅助萃取-离子色谱法同时测定卷烟主流烟气中主要有机酸的方法.采用20 mL 30 mmol/L J NaOH溶液在50℃下对捕集了卷烟主流烟气的剑桥滤片超声萃取50 min,AS11-HC分离柱、Ion AG11-HC保护柱、ASRS-ULTRAⅡ抑制器,KOH溶液为淋洗液,用电导检测器同时测定了卷烟主流烟气中的乳酸、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、苹果酸和草酸的含量.方法的线性范围1.0～400 mg/L,相关系数为0.9990～0.9995,相对标准偏差1.4%～4.8%,检出限0.03～0.09 mg/L,回收率为92%～104%.采用此方法测定了19种不同规格卷烟样品主流烟气中6种有机酸的含量,并且以6种有机酸为指标对样品进行了聚类分析.结果表明,6种有机酸的含量分布特征可反映不同等级卷烟产品的特性,可用于不用等级卷烟产品的比较和分类.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。