Determination of the Lipophilicity of Some Psychotropic Drugs by RP-TLC

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - Psychotropic drugs have been chromatographed on RP-18-HPTLC plates with mobile phases containing water, an organic modifier...     

不同极性固定相上醇色谱保留指数的预测

采用拓扑指数(mQ)、定位基参数(SOX)及固定液极性值(CP)与脂肪醇在6种固定相上的气相色谱保留指数值(RI)进行了相关分析,发现RI与上述参数间存在良好的相关性,其关系可表示为:RI=158·384 57·7220Q-12·0491Q 5·720SOX 5·756CP R=0·9913继以留一法(Leave-one-out,LOO)进行交互检验,相关系数RCV=0·9909。说明所建定量结构-保留关系(QSRR)模型具有良好的稳定性和预测能力,较好地揭示了脂肪醇类物质在不同固定相上气相色谱保留指数的变化规律。     

Comparison of Octadecyl-Bonded Alumina and Other Stationary Phases for Lipophilicity Estimation by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

A recently developed octadecyl-bonded alumina stationary phase (ODA) was evaluated for determining the lipophilicities of organic compounds by high performance liquid chromatography. Using a column packed with this material and mobile phases consisting of methanol and aqueous buffers, the correlation between the octanol-water partition coefficients (log P's) of compounds of various chemical classes and the logarithms of their chromatographic capacity factors (log k's) was found to be superior to that obtained using columns packed with octadecylsilica, poly butadiene-coated alumina or octadecyl-derivanzed polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer. In contrast to results obtained with other columns, phenols and other hydrogen-bonding compounds did not need to be treated as a separate data set on the ODA column to obtain good correlations between log k's and log P's. The resistance of ODA to degradation by alkaline solvents allowed the use of a basic mobile phase (pH > 10) for suppressing ionization and determining the lipophilicities of organic bases which could not be evaluated within the stable pH range of ODS (pH 2–8). The log P's of five basic pharmaceutical compounds determined in this manner were found to be significantly higher than previously reported values. Evidence is presented which indicates that the previously reported log P values of these compounds are inaccurate, due to improper correction for ionization.     

RP-TLC Determination of the Lipophilicity of Some New Derivatives of 1,2,4-Triazole and Thiosemicarbazide with Potential Antituberculosis Activity

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - The reversed-phase thin layer chromatographic retention behavior of some new derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole and thiosemicarbazide...     

Separation of Enantiomers of Isochromene Derivatives by HPLC Using Cyclodextrin-Based Stationary Phases

Twenty chiral isochromene derivatives have been chromatographed on native and derivatized cyclodextrin stationary phases using HPLC. The most effective CSPs for the enantioresolution of these analytes in the reverse phase mode are the hydroxypropyl--cyclodextrin (Cyclobond RSP), the 2,3-dimethyl--cyclodextrin (Cyclobond DM), and the -cyclodextrin (Cyclobond II) stationary phases. The -cyclodextrin (Cyclobond III), -cyclodextrin (Cyclobond I), acetyl--cyclodextrin (Cyclobond AC), S-1-naphthylethyl carbamate--cyclodextrin (Cyclobond SN), and 3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate--cyclodextrin (Cyclobond DMP) stationary phases also show enantioselectivities for some analytes. No enantioseparations were observed in the polar organic mode and only a few separations were found in the normal phase mode. The Cyclobond RSP CSP provided the best overall separations of these analytes in the reverse phase mode. The pH of the mobile phase and the nature of organic modifiers have little effect on the enantioresolution. The substituents on the isochromene ring greatly affect the chiral recognition.     

LC Using Two Different Cellulose Chiral Stationary Phases for Direct Enantioseparation of Benzoxazolinone Aminoalcohols and Aminoketones

A series of six benzoxazolinone aminoketones and height aminoalcohols has been synthetized as agonist and antagonist ligands for adrenergic receptors. For those benzoxazolinone derivatives which contain one or two chiral carbons, a stereoselective liquid chromatographic method, using silica-based cellulose tris-3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate (Chiralcel OD-H) or tris-4-methylbenzoate (Chiralcel OJ) as chiral stationary phase, has been developed. A better separation was achieved on cellulose carbamate phase compared to the cellulose ester phase. The effects of concentration of various aliphatic alcohols in the mobile phase were studied. The effects of structural features of the solutes on the discrimination between the enantiomers were examined.     

Determination of Inorganic Anions by Capillary IC Using Hexadimethrine Bromide-Modified Silica Stationary Phases

A simple, rapid and highly sensitive capillary ion chromatographic method for direct determination of iodide and thiocyanate is reported. Separation was achieved on a laboratory-made capillary column (100 mm × 0.32 mm i.d.) packed with silica gel, followed by modification with 20 mM hexadimethrine bromide. Sodium perchlorate?Cmethanol (95:5, v/v) was used as the eluent and analyte anions were detected at 225 nm. Iodate, bromate, nitrate, iodide and thiocyanate were eluted within 8 min, with relative standard deviations of the retention time, peak area and peak height smaller than 2.4%. Effects of the eluent composition on the retention behavior were also investigated. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) of iodide was 6.5 ??g L^?1, whereas that of thiocyanate was 16.2 ??g L^?1. The method was successfully applied to the rapid and direct determination of iodide in powdered milk and thiocyanate in human saliva without any pre-concentration. The modified column could be used for about 1 month (8 h operation per day) without loss of hexadimethrine bromide.     

LC Using Two Different Cellulose Chiral Stationary Phases for Direct Enantioseparation of Benzoxazolinone Aminoalcohols and Aminoketones

A series of six benzoxazolinone aminoketones and height aminoalcohols has been synthetized as agonist and antagonist ligands for adrenergic receptors. For those benzoxazolinone derivatives which contain one or two chiral carbons, a stereoselective liquid chromatographic method, using silica-based cellulose tris-3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate (Chiralcel OD-H) or tris-4-methylbenzoate (Chiralcel OJ) as chiral stationary phase, has been developed. A better separation was achieved on cellulose carbamate phase compared to the cellulose ester phase. The effects of concentration of various aliphatic alcohols in the mobile phase were studied. The effects of structural features of the solutes on the discrimination between the enantiomers were examined.

     

Use of RP-TLC and Theoretical Computational Methods to Compare the Lipophilicity of Phenolic Drugs

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - The chromatographic behavior of the phenolic drugs niclosamide, hexachlorophene, ibuprofen, pentazocine, ethamivan, bithionol,...     

不同载体涂敷的纤维素酯手性固定相的制备及性能

以微晶纤维素和3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯为原料,合成了纤维素-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)(CDMPC),将其分别涂敷于小孔硅胶(SG)、氨丙基化小孔硅胶(APS-SG)和介孔SBA-15微球上,制得3种手性固定相：SG@CDMPC(CSP1)、APS-SG@CDMPC(CSP2)及SBA-15@CDMPC(CSP3),正相条件下考察了12种中性或酸性手性化合物在自制手性固定相上的拆分效果,并与商品柱Chiralcel OD-H的拆分性能进行了对比。 6个手性化合物在CSP1上获得比在商品柱上更高的柱效,其中2个手性化合物获得比在商品柱上更高的分离因子和分离度,而CSP2和CSP3的拆分效果总体较CSP1和商品柱的差。 探讨了自制手性固定相对华法令的拆分和定量测定,华法令在CSP1上的检测限为10 μg/L,在0.05~5 g/L范围内线性关系良好。     

苯丙醇对映体在酰胺型手性固定相上的分离

对于手性对映体苯丙醇在3种Pirkk型手性固定相（CSP）Whelk-O 1、DNB-Leu和DNB-Pg上直接分离进行了研究。考察了流动相极性以及温度对分离的影响，发现在常用的范围内无法获得分离，仅有Whelk-O1在流动相极性的极端条件下（正己烷／异丙醇=99．5／0．5，V/V）能够被直接分离。在较低温度0℃和流速1mL／min的优化条件下能获得基线分离。用旋光检测器与液相色谱串联的方式确定了手性拆分结果，并确定了（-）苯丙醇优先洗脱的顺序。针对这种流动相极性极端条件下的分离，结合有关理论，进一步探讨了分离机理。     

苯丙醇对映体在酰胺型手性固定相上的分离

对于手性对映体苯丙醇在3种Pirkle型手性固定相(CSP)Whelk-O 1、DNB-Leu和DNB-Pg上直接分离进行了研究.考察了流动相极性以及温度对分离的影响,发现在常用的范围内无法获得分离,仅有Whelk-O1在流动相极性的极端条件下(正己烷/异丙醇=99.5/0.5,V/V)能够被直接分离.在较低温度0 ℃和流速1 mL/min的优化条件下能获得基线分离.用旋光检测器与液相色谱串联的方式确定了手性拆分结果,并确定了(-)苯丙醇优先洗脱的顺序.针对这种流动相极性极端条件下的分离,结合有关理论,进一步探讨了分离机理.     

Determination of Chiral Impurity of Naproxen in Different Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Polysaccharide-Based Stationary Phases in Reversed-Phased Mode

A novel, validated, reversed-phase (RP), chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the enantiopurity control analysis of naproxen, a frequently used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent using polysaccharide-type chiral stationary phase (CSP). In the screening phase of method development, seven columns were tested in polar organic (PO) mode using mobile phases consisting of 0.1% acetic acid in methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, and acetonitrile. Enantiorecognition was observed only in five cases. The best enantioseparation was observed on a Lux Amylose-1 column with 0.1% (v/v) acetic acid in ethanol with a resolution (R_s) of 1.24. The enantiomer elution order was unfavorable, as the distomer eluted after the eutomer. When the ethanolic mobile phase was supplemented with water, enantiomer elution order reversal was observed, indicating a difference in the enantiorecognition mechanism upon switching from PO to RP mode. Furthermore, by changing ethanol to methanol, not only lower backpressure, but also higher resolution was obtained. Subsequent method optimization was performed using a face-centered central composite design (FCCD) to achieve higher chiral resolution in a shorter analysis time. Optimized parameters offering baseline separation were as follows: Lux Amylose-1 stationary phase, thermostated at 40 °C, and a mobile phase consisting of methanol:water:acetic acid 85:15:0.1 (v/v/v), delivered with 0.65 mL/min flow rate. Using these optimized parameters, a R_s = 3.21 ± 0.03 was achieved within seven minutes. The optimized method was validated according to the ICH guidelines and successfully applied for the analysis of different pharmaceutical preparations, such as film-coated tablets and gel, as well as fixed-dose combination tablets, containing both naproxen and esomeprazole.     

Factors Influencing the Isothermal Retention Indices of 51 Solutes on 12 Stationary Phases of Different Polarity: Applicability of the Solvation Parameter Model

Isothermal retention indices (I) at 333–413 K on 12 stationary phases (SPs) covering a wide polarity range of a variety of volatile solutes belonging to 7 one-heteroatom chemical function series and 10 non-series solutes have been determined. The I values were computed with a method (LQG method) which does not require the determination of holdup times of the chromatographic column. I values of some compounds never before studied are reported. The influence on the retention indices of the column temperature, methylene number, and polarity of both the stationary phase and the solute has been studied. The solvation parameter model (SPM) as a function of I has been used for predicting I values, and for unraveling the influence of the polarity of stationary phase and solute on the retention indices. Seeley et al.’s formulation of the SPM has been used for quantifying the influence of polar and non-polar interactions on the I, and for checking the agreement between calculated and experimental values. According to our results, the I values obtained by the modified SPM can be considered equal to the experimental I values at the 99 % confidence level.

     

烃类化合物在不同色谱柱上的定量结构-保留相关性研究

运用量子化学中的AMI方法计算烃类化合物的分子结构描述参数,借助逐步回归法建立了烃类化合物在不同极性色谱柱上的QSRR模型。结果表明：烷烃、烯烃、二烯烃类化合物在不同极性的色谱柱上的色谱保留与其分子结构描述参数之间具有较好的线性关系,烃类化合物在不同极性固定相上的保留主要与溶质分子的MR有关,即与溶质分子的色散力有关。随着溶质分子的不饱和度的增加,或固定相极性的增强,溶质分子与固定相之间的电荷传递作用随之增强。而且,烃类化合物在不同极性固定相上的色谱保留的QSRR模型均可用量化参数HOMO、LUMO、EICE以及MR参数来描述。所建立的在不同极性色谱柱上的烃类化合物的色谱保留QSRR模型预测烃类化合物的色谱保留值时具有较好的稳定性和准确性。     

在多糖衍生物类色谱柱上手性拆分乙炔基氮杂环丙烷类化合物

在以正己烷－异丙醇为移动相的体系中，用ＣｈｉｒａｌｐａｋＡＤ和ＣｈｉｒａｌｃｅｌＯＤ作为手性固定相对１５种乙炔基氮杂环丙烷类化合物对映体进行了ＨＰＬＣ手性拆分。这些化合物至少在一支柱上能基线级分离。     

Applications of Cellulose-Based Chiral Stationary Phases in the Resolution of Some Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonists

Abstract

Cellulose tris (3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate) known as Chiralcel OD chiral stationary phase (CSP) is one of the most commonly used cellulosic CSPs which have been successfully used for separation, enantiomeric purity determination and analysis of several drug racemates including β-adrenoceptor antagonists.

Resolution of timolol, penbutolol, celiprolol and carazolol enantiomers are achieved using this CSP. A possible chiral recognition mechanism(s) for these β-adrenergic blockers and this chiral stationary phase is presented.     

异噁唑啉及异噁唑烷类化合物在多糖衍生物类柱上的手性拆分

在ＣｈｉｒａｌｃｅｌＯＤ，ＣｈｉｒａｌｃｅｌＯＪ及ＣｈｉｒａｌｐａｋＡＤ等３种多糖类手性固定相上，以各种配比的正己烷－异丙醇为洗脱剂，对７种异口恶唑啉及异口恶唑烷类化合物的对映体进行了手性拆分。考察了这些外消旋物在这些手性柱上的色谱行为。实验结果表明，手性固定相上葡萄糖片段构型的差异和它们高级结构的不同以及手性固定相上的二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯或对甲基苯甲酸酯等功能团与样品的极性基团之间的相互作用，可能是支配手性拆分的主要原因。方法已用于不对称１，３－偶极环加成反应产物的光学纯度鉴定。