Hadro-charmonium

We argue that relatively compact charmonium states, J/ψ$J/\psi$, ψ(2S)$\psi (2S)$, χc${\chi }_c$, can very likely be bound inside light hadronic matter, in particular inside higher resonances made from light quarks and/or gluons. The charmonium state in such binding essentially retains its properties, so that the bound system decays into light mesons and the particular charmonium resonance. Thus such bound states of a new type, which we call hadro-charmonium, may explain the properties of some of the recently observed resonant peaks, in particular of Y(4.26)$Y(4.26)$, Y(4.32–4.36)$Y(4.32\text{–}4.36)$, Y(4.66)$Y(4.66)$, and Z(4.43)$Z(4.43)$. We discuss further possible implications of the suggested picture for the observed states and existence of other states of hadro-charmonium and hadro-bottomonium.     

The exact decomposition of gauge variables in lattice Yang–Mills theory

In this Letter, we consider lattice versions of the decomposition of the Yang–Mills field a la Cho–Faddeev–Niemi, which was extended by Kondo, Shinohara and Murakami in the continuum formulation. For the SU(N)$\mathit{SU}(N)$ gauge group, we propose a set of defining equations for specifying the decomposition of the gauge link variable and solve them exactly without using the ansatz adopted in the previous studies for SU(2)$\mathit{SU}(2)$ and SU(3)$\mathit{SU}(3)$. As a result, we obtain the general form of the decomposition for SU(N)$\mathit{SU}(N)$ gauge link variables and confirm the previous results obtained for SU(2)$\mathit{SU}(2)$ and SU(3)$\mathit{SU}(3)$.     

Renormalization-group flow for the field strength in scalar self-interacting theories

We consider the renormalization-group coupled equations for the effective potential V(?)$V(?)$ and the field strength Z(?)$Z(?)$ in the spontaneously broken phase as a function of the infrared cutoff momentum k  . In the k→0$k\to 0$ limit, the numerical solution of the coupled equations, while consistent with the expected convexity property of V(?)$V(?)$, indicates a sharp peaking of Z(?)$Z(?)$ close to the end points of the flatness region that define the physical realization of the broken phase. This might represent further evidence in favor of the non-trivial vacuum field renormalization effect already discovered with variational methods.     

Commuting conformal and dual conformal symmetries in the Regge limit

In this paper we continue our study of the dual SL(2,C)$\mathit{SL}(2,C)$ symmetry of the BFKL equation, analogous to the dual conformal symmetry of N=4$N=4$ super-Yang–Mills. We find that the ordinary and dual SL(2,C)$\mathit{SL}(2,C)$ symmetries do not generate a Yangian, in contrast to the ordinary and dual conformal symmetries in the four-dimensional gauge theory. The algebraic structure is still reminiscent of that of N=4$N=4$ SYM, however, and one can extract a generator from the dual SL(2,C)$\mathit{SL}(2,C)$ close to the bi-local form associated with Yangian algebras. We also discuss the issue of whether the dual SL(2,C)$\mathit{SL}(2,C)$ symmetry, which in its original form is broken by IR effects, is broken in a controlled way, similar to the way the dual conformal symmetry of N=4$N=4$ satisfies an anomalous Ward identity. At least for the lowest orders it seems possible to recover the dual SL(2,C)$\mathit{SL}(2,C)$ by deforming its representation, keeping open the possibility that it is an exact symmetry of BFKL. Independently of a possible relation to N=4$N=4$ scattering amplitudes, this opens an avenue for explaining the integrability of BFKL in terms of two finite-dimensional subalgebras.     

Dynamical SUSY breaking in heterotic M-theory

It is shown that four-dimensional N=1$N=1$ supersymmetric QCD with massive flavors in the fundamental representation of the gauge group can be realized in the hidden sector of E₈×E₈$E_8\times E_8$ heterotic string vacua. The number of flavors can be chosen to lie in the range of validity of the free-magnetic dual, using which one can demonstrate the existence of long-lived meta-stable non-supersymmetric vacua. This is shown explicitly for the gauge group Spin(10)$\mathit{Spin}(10)$, but the methods are applicable to Spin(Nc)$\mathit{Spin}(N_c)$, SU(Nc)$\mathit{SU}(N_c)$ and Sp(Nc)$\mathit{Sp}(N_c)$ for a wide range of color index Nc$N_c$. Hidden sectors of this type can potentially be used as a mechanism to break supersymmetry within the context of heterotic M-theory.     

Partition function zeros of the antiferromagnetic Ising model on triangular lattice in the complex temperature plane for nonzero magnetic field

The grand partition functions Z(T,B)$Z(T,B)$ of the Ising model on L×L$L\times L$ triangular lattices with fully periodic boundary conditions, as a function of temperature T and magnetic field B  , are evaluated exactly for L<12$L<12$ (using microcanonical transfer matrix) and approximately for L?12$L?12$ (using Wang–Landau Monte Carlo algorithm). From Z(T,B)$Z(T,B)$, the distributions of the partition function zeros of the triangular-lattice Ising model in the complex temperature plane for real B≠0$B\ne 0$ are obtained and discussed for the first time. The critical points aN(x)$a_N(x)$ and the thermal scaling exponents yt(x)$y_t(x)$ of the triangular-lattice Ising antiferromagnet, for various values of x=e−2βB$x=e^{-2\beta B}$, are estimated using the partition function zeros.     

The 't Hooft–Polyakov monopole in the presence of a 't Hooft operator

We present explicit BPS field configurations representing one non-Abelian monopole with one minimal weight 't Hooft operator insertion. We explore the SO(3)$\mathit{SO}(3)$ and SU(2)$\mathit{SU}(2)$ gauge groups. In the case of SU(2)$\mathit{SU}(2)$ gauge group the minimal 't Hooft operator can be completely screened by the monopole. If the gauge group is SO(3)$\mathit{SO}(3)$, however, such screening is impossible. In the latter case we observe a different effect of the gauge symmetry enhancement in the vicinity of the 't Hooft operator.     

Magnetic properties of the bond and crystal field dilution spin-3/2 Blume–Capel model in an external magnetic field

Magnetic properties of the bond and crystal field dilution spin-3/2 Blume–Capel model in an external magnetic field (h)$(h)$ on simple cubic lattice are studied by using the effective field theory. In the m−T$m-T$ plane, the degeneracy of the magnetization (m)$(m)$ is affected by the concentration of bond or crystal field dilution at low temperature (T)$(T)$. The magnetization curves can appear to fluctuate in certain regions of negative crystal field. In the m−h$m-h$ plane, the initial magnetization curve has an irregular behavior due to the introduction of bond dilution. The crystal field dilution has the influence on the process of magnetic domain displacement. In the χ−h$\chi -h$ plane, there exists one susceptibility (χ)$(\chi )$ shoulder and one step for different negative crystal field. The susceptibility curve takes on the feature of multi-peaks distribution under bond and crystal field dilution conditions.     

Lifshitz-point correlation length exponents from the large-n expansion

The large-n expansion is applied to the calculation of thermal critical exponents describing the critical behavior of spatially anisotropic d-dimensional systems at m  -axial Lifshitz points. We derive the leading non-trivial 1/n$1/n$ correction for the perpendicular correlation-length exponent _νL2${\nu }_{L2}$ and hence several related thermal exponents to order O(1/n)$O(1/n)$. The results are consistent with known large-n expansions for d  -dimensional critical points and isotropic Lifshitz points, as well as with the second-order epsilon expansion about the upper critical dimension d^?=4+m/2$d^{?}=4+m/2$ for generic m∈[0,d]$m\in [0,d]$. Analytical results are given for the special case d=4$d=4$, m=1$m=1$. For uniaxial Lifshitz points in three dimensions, 1/n$1/n$ coefficients are calculated numerically. The estimates of critical exponents at d=3$d=3$, m=1$m=1$ and n=3$n=3$ are discussed.     

Semiempirical fine-tuning for Hartree–Fock ionization potentials of atomic ions with non-integral atomic number

Amovilli and March (2006) [8] used diffusion quantum Monte Carlo techniques to calculate the non-relativistic ionization potential I(Z)$I(Z)$ in He-like atomic ions for the range of (fractional) nuclear charges Z   lying between the known critical value _Zc=0.911$Z_{\mathrm{c}}=0.911$ at which I(Z)$I(Z)$ tends to zero and Z=2$Z=2$. They showed that it is possible to fit I(Z)$I(Z)$ to a simple quadratic expression. Following that idea, we present here a semiempirical fine-tuning of Hartree–Fock ionization potentials for the isoelectronic series of He, Be, Ne, Mg and Ar-like atomic ions that leads to excellent estimations of _Zc$Z_{\mathrm{c}}$ for these series. The empirical information involved is experimental ionization and electron affinity data. It is clearly demonstrated that Hartree–Fock theory provides an excellent starting point for determining I(Z)$I(Z)$ for these series.     

Rational r-matrices,higher rank Lie algebras and integrable proton–neutron BCS models

We study integrable cases of pairing BCS hamiltonians containing several types of fermions. We prove that there exist three classes of such integrable models associated with classical rational r  -matrices and Lie algebras gl(2m)$\mathit{gl}(2m)$, sp(2m)$\mathit{sp}(2m)$ and so(2m)$\mathit{so}(2m)$ correspondingly. We diagonalize the constructed hamiltonians by means of the algebraic Bethe ansatz. In the partial case of two types of fermions (m=2$m=2$) the obtained models may be interpreted as N=Z$N=Z$ proton–neutron integrable models. In particular, in the case of sp(4)$\mathit{sp}(4)$ we recover the famous integrable proton–neutron model of Richardson.     

The nature of ZZ branes

In minimal non-critical string theory we show that the principal (r,s)$(r,s)$ ZZ brane can be viewed as the basic (1,1)$(1,1)$ ZZ boundary state tensored with the (r,s)$(r,s)$ Cardy boundary state. In this sense there exists only one ZZ boundary state, the basic (1,1)$(1,1)$ boundary state.     

Mini little Higgs and dark matter

We construct a little Higgs model with the most minimal extension of the standard model gauge group by an extra U(1)$U(1)$ gauge symmetry. For specific charge assignments of scalars, an approximate U(3)$U(3)$ global symmetry appears in the cutoff-squared scalar mass terms generated from gauge bosons at one-loop level. Hence, the Higgs boson, identified as a pseudo-Goldstone boson of the broken global symmetry, has its mass radiatively protected up to scales of 5–10 TeV. In this model, a Z₂$Z_2$ symmetry, ensuring the two U(1)$U(1)$ gauge groups to be identical, also makes the extra massive neutral gauge boson stable and a viable dark matter candidate with a promising prospect of direct detection.     

If Gauss–Bonnet interaction plays the role of dark energy

A cosmological model has been constructed with Gauss–Bonnet-scalar interaction, where the Universe starts with exponential expansion but encounters infinite deceleration, q→∞$q\to \infty$ and infinite equation of state parameter, w→∞$w\to \infty$. During evolution it subsequently passes through the stiff fluid era, q=2$q=2$, w=1$w=1$, the radiation dominated era, q=1$q=1$, w=1/3$w=1/3$ and the matter dominated era, q=1/2$q=1/2$, w=0$w=0$. Finally, deceleration halts, q=0$q=0$, w=−1/3$w=-1/3$, and it then encounters a transition to the accelerating phase. Asymptotically the Universe reaches yet another inflationary phase q→−1$q\to -1$, w→−1$w\to -1$. Such evolution is independent of the form of the potential and the sign of the kinetic energy term, i.e., even a non-canonical kinetic energy is unable to phantomize (w<−1)$(w<-1)$ the model.     

Mass mixing,the fourth generation,and the kinematic Higgs mechanism

We describe how to construct explicit chiral fermion mass terms using Dirac–Kähler (DK) spinors. Classical massive DK spinors are shown to be equivalent to four generations of Dirac spinors with equal mass coupled to a background U(2,2)$U(2,2)$ gauge field. Quantization breaks U(2,2)$U(2,2)$ to U(2)×U(2)$U(2)\times U(2)$, lifts mass spectrum degeneracy, and generates a non-trivial CKM mixing.