共轭聚合物/C60复合体系及其在光伏打电池中的应用

共轭聚合物/C₆₀复合体系在有机太阳能电池中的应用引起了化学工作者的广泛兴趣.本文介绍了共轭聚合物/C₆₀复合体系的光诱导电子转移,以及近年来该体系在光伏打电池中的研究进展.     

聚合物太阳能电池研究进展

有机材料是近年来新型太阳能电池的研究热点,本文按太阳能电池材料的组成分类,对太阳能电池的原理及其材料的种类进行了详细地总结,重点介绍了导电聚合物基的太阳能电池的研究进展.     

塑料太阳能电池研究进展

塑料太阳能电池是目前国际上比较活跃的研究领域,它具有制备工艺简单、可制备在柔性衬底上、材料的化学结构可调等优点.重点介绍以共轭聚合物-富勒烯衍生物混合物为活性层的体异质结结构塑料太阳能电池研究进展.从活性层薄膜的微观形态结构调控、电极接触界面、光场在电池各层中的空间分布以及叠层结构等几个方面综述了影响塑料太阳能电池效率的因素和提高效率的方法.最后简要介绍了塑料太阳能电池所面临的问题和挑战.     

水溶性C60衍生物的合成及其生物活性

综述近年在水溶性Ｃ_（６０）衍生物合成及生物活性方面所取得的进展。     

含有呋喃衍生物的窄带隙共轭聚合物的合成及光伏性能研究

通过Stille法将呋喃衍生物苯并二呋喃(BDF)引入共轭主链,合成了苯并二呋喃-呋喃-苯并恶二唑共聚物(Polymer 1,简称P1).以紫外吸收光谱分析了聚合物溶液及其膜的基本光谱特征,通过理论计算进行了分子模拟,并用电化学循环伏安法测定了其基本的电化学性质.采用此材料为给体,PC71BM为受体制备了本体异质结型的有机太阳能电池器件,同时研究了不同给/受体重量比的情况下以及1,8-二碘辛烷作为添加剂的情况下的光伏器件性能.结果表明,P1聚合物在可见光区具有较大吸收.由P1所制得的光伏器件,在AM1.5的模拟太阳光照射条件下最高的转化效率为2.96%,表明BDF基团的引入可实现窄带隙的光电聚合物.     

C60乙二胺衍生物铂配合物的合成及其催化硅氢化性能

C₆₀与乙二胺反应,再与氯亚铂酸钾配位,得到了一种以C₆₀衍生物为基的Pt(Ⅱ)配合物,并研究了其在烯烃与三乙氧基硅烷的硅氢加成反应中的催化性能。结果表明,该配合物为硅氢加成反应的高效催化剂,并对苯乙烯有独特的催化性能,以近100%的区域选择性得到α-加成产物。     

聚合物太阳能光伏技术研究进展

聚合物太阳电池因其结构简单、成本低、重量轻和可制成柔性器件等突出优点,近年来受到广泛关注,成为发展绿色可再生能源的重要方向。聚合物太阳电池中的给体和受体光伏材料是决定器件性能的关键,本文综述了共轭聚合物给体和富勒烯受体光伏材料的最新研究进展,并在共轭聚合物给体材料中对聚噻吩衍生物以及窄带隙D-A共聚物进行了重点介绍。同时讨论了薄膜优化和器件稳定性,最后从提高电池效率的几个方面展望了聚合物太阳电池的发展方向。     

面向非富勒烯型有机光伏电池的聚合物给体材料设计

可溶液加工的有机光伏电池(OPV)是一种具有重要应用潜力的新型光伏技术。在OPV技术的发展过程中,富勒烯衍生物作为电子受体材料占据了相当长时间的统治地位,因此聚合物给体材料设计中对如何与富勒烯受体材料相互匹配考虑较多。最近几年来,基于聚合物给体和非富勒烯有机受体的OPV电池,简称为非富勒烯型NF-OPV,得到了十分快速的发展。在此类电池中,聚合物电子给体和非富勒烯型电子受体材料均起到了十分重要的作用。相比于较为经典的富勒烯型OPV,NF-OPV对聚合物给体的光电特性和聚集态结构提出了新的要求。因此,本文针对NF-OPV的特点,重点介绍NF-OPV对聚合物给体材料的吸收光谱、分子能级以及聚集态结构等特征的新要求,总结最近几年来的相关进展,并在此基础上进一步讨论聚合物电子给体材料面临的挑战和展望。     

支链带有富勒烯的聚噻吩和齐聚噻吩及其光伏电池研究进展

可溶性聚噻吩和富勒烯(主要是C60)及其衍生物,是聚合物太阳能电池中被广泛使用的给体和受体材料,它们之间的相容性和富勒烯的聚集效应对于太阳能电池能量转换效率有很大影响。将富勒烯与聚噻吩通过共价键连接在一起,可解决它们的共混膜中的相分离问题,有望提高器件效率,是未来有机和聚合物光伏材料研究的一个重要方向。本文按主链是聚噻吩或齐聚噻吩将这种连有富勒烯的材料分为两类,介绍了这些材料的合成方法、电化学性质及基于这些材料的太阳能电池器件近几年来的研究进展。     

聚合物太阳能电池高效共轭聚合物给体和富勒烯受体光伏材料

聚合物太阳能电池（PSC）由共轭聚合物给体和富勒烯衍生物受体的共混膜（活性层）夹在ITO透明导电玻璃正极和低功函数金属负极之间所组成,具有制备过程简单、成本低、重量轻、可制备成柔性器件等突出优点,近年来成为国内外研究前沿和热点。当前研究的焦点是提高器件的光电能量转换效率,而提高效率的关键是高效共轭聚合物给体和富勒烯衍生...     

A Convenient Synthesis of Novel Meldrum＇s Acid C60 Fullerene Derivatives

A series of novel Meldrum＇s acid C60 derivatives were prepared in moderate yields from a convenient one-pot reaction of C60, the Meldrum＇s acid derivatives, 12 and 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5,4,0]-undec-7-ene （DBU） in toluene at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. All the new compounds were fully characterized by the spectral data and elemental analysis. A carbene intermediate mechanism was proposed for this reaction.     

新型含芴基的富勒烯衍生物的合成

以2,7-二溴芴酮为起始原料,经Suzuki偶合、腙化和1,3-偶极环反应合成了3种新型的含芴基的富勒烯衍生物,其结构经UV-Vis,1H NMR,13C NMR,FT-IR和MALDI-TOF-MS表征。     

Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of Ester Group Functionalized Polythiophene Derivatives

To increase the open circuit voltage (V_OC) of polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on polythiophene, two new ester group functionalized polythiophene derivatives, PCTDT and PCTBDT, were designed and synthesized via alternating copolymerization of thiophene‐3‐carboxylate (CT) with the 2,2′‐bithiophene (DT) and benzodithiophene (BDT) units, respectively. The resulting copolymers exhibited broad and strong absorptions in the visible region, which was similar to that of the commonly used poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Through cyclic voltammetry measurements, it was found that both copolymers showed lower HOMO energy levels (−5.27 eV for PCTDT and −5.36 eV for PCTBDT) than that of P3HT (−5.03 eV), indicating that the HOMO energy level could be efficiently reduced by introducing the ester group into the polymer side chain. Photovoltaic properties of the copolymers blended with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C₆₁‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as electron acceptor were investigated. The obtained two devices possessed both relatively large short circuit current (I_SC) and higher V_OC than that of P3HT:PCBM blend. For PCTBDT:PCBM blend, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 2.32%, an I_SC of 6.94 mA · cm⁻², and a V_OC of 0.80 V were observed while PCTDT:PCBM system demonstrated a PCE of 1.75% with a V_OC of 0.68 V.

     

苯并三噻吩共轭聚合物的合成及其在有机光伏中的应用

以三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(Pd_2(dba)_3)为催化剂,三甲苯基磷(P(o-tol)_3)为配体,4,3'-十二烷基-2,2'-联二噻吩(M1)和2,8-二溴-5-(2-己基癸基)苯并三噻吩(M2)为单体,采用Stille交叉偶联反应,合成了基于苯并三噻吩和联二噻吩单元的共轭聚合物(PBTT)。采用热重分析、紫外-可见分光光度计及电化学分析分别研究了聚合物PBTT的热性能、光学性能和电化学性能。结果表明:聚合物PBTT具有优异的热稳定性和低的最高占有轨道能级(HOMO);聚合物薄膜最大吸收峰位于469 nm,光学能带隙为2.10 eV;将聚合物与[6,6]-苯基-C_(61)-丁酸甲酯(PC_(61)1BM)共混材料作为活性层制作了本体异质结构太阳能电池器件,在模拟太阳光源AM 1.5 G 100 mW/cm~2照射条件下,该器件获得了高达1.00 V的开路电压,初步的能量转化效率为0.43%。     

Photovoltaic properties of the polymer solar cells comprising crosslinked maleimide polymers and fullerene‐derivative PCBM

A series of crosslinkable maleimide conjugated polymers with different vinyl group contents as side‐chain crosslinking sites have been synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction. Polymer solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated based on an interpenetrating network of the crosslinkable maleimide polymers as the electron donor, and a fullerene derivative, (6,6)‐phenyl‐C₆₁‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), as the electron acceptor. The crosslinkable maleimide polymers underwent crosslinking reaction at the side‐chain vinyl groups upon the thermal treatment with or without the addition of initiator, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). Better photovoltaic (PV) performances were obtained for the PSCs based on the polymer crosslinking without using initiator, whereas poorer PV performances were observed for the PSCs based on the polymer crosslinking with the AIBN initiator. In addition, higher operational stability was observed for the crosslinked polymer based solar cell as compared to the solar cell based on the un‐crosslinked polymer. The photo‐physical and PV properties of the cross‐linked maleimide polymers/PCBM based PSCs are discussed in detail as the morphology and crosslinking density of the polymers are taken into account. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Photovoltaic devices from CdSe nanocrystals and conjugated polymer composites

The preparation of CdSe nanospheres (ns-CdSe) and their application as electron acceptor in conjugated polymer photovoltaic devices are reported. ns-CdSe with diameters of 5 nm were prepared through an organometallic method. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra indicate that the CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) are monodispersed nanospheres with the first exciton absorption peak at around 625 nm and the emission peak at around 652 nm. The PL spectra of the ns-CdSe/polymer composite films show that the PL of the conjugated polymers is effectively quenched upon the addition of ns-CdSe. Photovoltaic devices were fabricated from the composites of ns-CdSe and poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) or poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Under AM1.5 illumination (100 mW/cm²), the short circuit current (I _SC), open circuit voltage (V _OC), fill factor (FF) and energy conversion efficiency (η) reached 1.56 mA/cm², 0.75 V, 34.5% and 0.40%, respectively for device from the ns-CdSe/MEH-PPV (15: 1 by weight) and 1.93 mA/cm², 0.65 V, 38.4% and 0.48%, respectively for device from the ns-CdSe/P3HT (10: 1 by weight). __________ Translated from Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2007, 28(3): 596–599 [译自: 高等学校化学学报]     

基于4,7-二噻吩苯并噻二唑和异靛单元的受体-受体共轭聚合物的合成与光伏性质

利用微波协助的Stille缩合聚合反应方法合成了基于双噻吩苯并噻二唑和异靛单元的受体-受体聚合物HFTBT-DA865,并对其热稳定性、光物理性能、电化学性质和本体异质结太阳能电池性能进行了研究.该聚合物易溶于邻二氯苯和邻二甲苯等溶剂,具有优异的溶液加工性能.5%热分解温度为389℃,玻璃化转变温度为168℃,说明其具有较好的热稳定性能.对旋涂速度和温度进行优化,所得太阳能电池器件的光电转换效率为2.28%,开路电压为0.83 V,短路电流为-5.70 mA/cm^2,填充因子为48.9%.电化学性能和密度泛函理论估算结果表明,聚合物与受体材料PC71BM相近的最低未占分子轨道(LUMO)值及其平面性可能是影响光伏性质的重要因素.通过调控共聚单体或优化受体材料,器件性能可进一步提高.对受体-受体(A-A)类聚合物材料太阳能电池性能的研究表明,此类材料是一类潜在的聚合物太阳能电池材料.     

Supramolecular Complexation Behavior of Novel Cyclotriveratrylene Derivatives with Benzoate Pendants with C60

Four novel cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) derivatives with three benzoate pendants bearing different aliphatic chains have been prepared in good yields, starting from CTV. The complexation behavior of these CTV derivatives towards C₆₀ in arene solvents has been measured by UV‐visible spectroscopy and high complexation constants are obtained. It is observed that the complexation is promoted pronouncedly by introducing methyl ester groups to the aromatic pendants, while this promoting effect is reduced when the methyl groups are replaced by longer alkyl groups.     

Synthesis and optical limiting in copolymers of C_(60) and 1-phenyl-1-butyne

Since the discovery of the methods for mass production of fullerenes', there has beengreat interest in the development of fullerene-containing polymeric materials'-' becausesuitably designed fullerene polymers not only possess good processability but also exhibitinteresting materials properties'-'. We have also attached C,o to polyphenylacetylenechains by a WCI,~catalyzed copolymerization reaction'-'. In this letter, we chose anacetylene monomer, that is, l-phenyl-butyne (PB), which can not …