共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
由于聚合物膜具有可高度设计、机械性能好、易于加工 等优点,是理想的气体分离材料。然而,聚合物膜在气体选择性和渗透性方面存在平衡限制,在聚合物中引入纳米粒子,是提高气体分离性能的一种有效手段。本文基于聚合物/无机纳米粒子复合膜在气体分离领域的研究现状,重点阐述了零维纳米粒子(二氧化硅、二氧化钛)、一维纳米粒子(碳纳米管)、二维纳米粒子(氧化石墨烯、二维过渡金属氧化物)、三维纳米粒子(金属有机框架、沸石)对气体分离性能的影响,并展望了聚合物复合分离膜的发展趋势,为未来高效分离膜的研发提供了参考。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
6.
纳米粒子因其具有较大的比表面积和良好的生物相容性等特点,已广泛应用于分离科学领域。纳米粒子毛细管电泳/微流控芯片技术是纳米材料技术与毛细管电泳/微流控芯片技术相结合的产物。纳米粒子可以被吸附或键合到毛细管壁作为固定相与被分析物发生相互作用;也可以作为假固定相参与样品在柱内的分配和保留,从而提高柱效,改善分离。手性是自然界的本质属性之一,开发新的快速、高效、灵敏的手性分离分析方法对于对映体的立体选择性合成、药理研究、手性纯度检测和环境检测都具有重要的意义。本文主要综述了近些年来几种不同类型纳米粒子(聚合物纳米粒子、磁性纳米粒子、金纳米粒子、碳纳米管和其他类型纳米粒子)用于毛细管电泳/微流控芯片进行手性分离的现状,并对该领域今后的发展进行了展望。 相似文献
7.
万古霉素修饰磁性纳米粒子的制备及其细菌分离功能 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
制备了万古霉素修饰的磁性纳米粒子, 并研究了其对金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)和大肠杆菌(E.coli BL21)的选择性吸附分离特性. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
水热碳材料是一种由糖类或含碳有机物经过水热反应制备的新型功能材料,具有来源丰富、绿色环保、亲水性、易修饰等优点,已广泛应用于催化剂载体、能源电极材料、环境吸附剂等方面。其中,水热碳在吸附领域的应用显示出其与特定分子的相互作用,近年来,水热碳材料作为分离富集固相基质,在色谱固定相以及生物样品处理领域逐渐得到应用。该文主要综述了水热碳材料在离子化合物、极性化合物、磷酸化肽段和糖基化肽段分离分析等方面的最新应用,讨论了水热碳材料在实际分离分析应用中的优点和局限性,并就水热碳材料在该领域的应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
12.
13.
This article reviews progress in the application of electrophoretic techniques for the separation of nanoparticles. Numerous types of nanoparticles have recently been synthesised and integrated into different products and procedures. Consequently, analytical methods for the efficient characterisation of nanoparticles are now required. Several studies have revealed that gel electrophoresis can readily be used for separating nanoparticles according to their size or shape. However, many other studies focused on separation of nanoparticles by CE. In some cases nanoparticles could be separated by CZE, simply using pure buffer as the BGE. In other studies, buffer additives (most often SDS) were used, enabling fast separations of metallic nanoparticles by size. Other CE methods also allowed for separation of nanoparticle conjugates with biomolecules. Dielectrophoresis is yet another electrophoretic technique useful in separation and characterisation of nanoparticles; particularly nanotubes. Detection methods often used after electrophoretic separation include UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Examples of recent and relevant older reports are presented here. The authors conclude that electrophoretic methods for nanoanalysis can provide inexpensive and efficient tools for quality assurance and safety control; and as a consequence, they can augment transfer of nanotechnologies from research to industry. 相似文献
14.
手性药物通过与生物体内生物大分子之间的手性匹配与分子识别来发挥药理作用。两个对映体与体内手性环境相互作用的不同导致每个对映体表现出不同的药理活性、代谢过程、代谢速率及毒性等药代动力学特征。因此发展手性药物的拆分方法,对于手性药物的开发和生产过程的质量监控具有重要意义。分子印迹聚合物(MIPs)是以目标分子作为模板而制备的高分子聚合物,它具有特定的空间分子结构和官能团,对目标分子具有高度的特异性识别能力。基于该特点,MIPs非常适合于手性药物的拆分和纯化。毛细管电色谱(CEC)可同时基于毛细管电泳和液相色谱的分离机理对目标物进行分离,因此具有高分离效率和高选择性的特点。将MIPs材料作为CEC的固定相,可将这两种技术的优势结合,从而实现对手性药物的高效拆分。MIPs材料在1994年首次应用于CEC手性拆分,此后该研究领域开始获得关注和发展。MIPs材料主要通过4种模式在CEC中实现手性拆分,分别是作为开管柱、填充柱和整体柱的固定相以及分离介质中的准固定相。该综述以这4种模式作为分类基准,根据MIPs制备所需的材料和分离对象对其在CEC手性拆分中的应用进行了总结,揭示了MIPs在CEC手性... 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
This paper describes the enhanced separation of lomefloxacin, sparfloxacin, fleroxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin and pazufloxacin by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) using silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) as running buffer additive. The impact of SiNPs concentration on the resolution and selectivity of separation was investigated and a given value of SiNPs was finally chosen under the optimum conditions. The addition of the SiNPs to the running buffer enabled electroosmotic flow (EOF) decrease and permitted full interaction between SiNPs and analytes. The influence of separation voltage, pH and buffer concentration on the separation in the presence of SiNPs was examined. Interactions between drugs and nanoparticles during the separation are discussed; the determination of interaction constants is also achieved. A good resolution of seven quinolones was obtained within 15 min in a 50 cm effective length fused-silica capillary at a separation voltage of +10 kV in a 12 mM disodium tetraborate-phosphate buffer (pH 9.08) containing 5.2 μg mL−1 SiNPs. 相似文献
18.
Studying the size/shape separation and optical properties of silver nanoparticles by capillary electrophoresis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This paper describes the feasibility of employing capillary electrophoresis (CE) to separate silver particles in nanometer regimes. We have found that the addition of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), to the running electrolyte prevents coalescence of the silver particles during the process, which improves the separation performance; the concentration of SDS required for optimal silver nanoparticle separation is ca. 20 mM. By monitoring the electropherograms using a diode-array detection (DAD) system, we have also investigated the separation of suspended silver nanorods with respect to their shapes. Our results demonstrate that the combination of CE and DAD is a powerful one for the separation and characterization of various silver nanoparticles. 相似文献
19.
《Journal of separation science》2018,41(14):2952-2960
Magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles were prepared through surface‐initiated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization by using metronidazole as a template. The molecularly imprinted magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The adsorption characteristics were also investigated and the kinetics of the adsorption of metronidazole on the imprinted nanoparticles were described by the second‐order kinetic model with the short equilibrium adsorption time (30 min). The adsorption isotherm was well matched with the Langmuir isotherm in which the maximum adsorption capacity was calculated to be 40.1 mg/g. Furthermore, the imprinted magnetic nanoparticles showed good selectivity as well as reusability even after six adsorption–desorption cycles. The imprinted magnetic nanoparticles were used as a sorbent for the selective separation of metronidazole from human serum. The recoveries of metronidazole from human serum changed between 97.5 and 99.8% and showed similar sensitivity as an enzyme‐linked immunoassay method. Therefore, the molecularly imprinted magnetic nanoparticles might have potential application for the selective and reliable separation of metronidazole from biological fluids in clinical applications. 相似文献
20.
低碳烯烃(乙烯、丙烯等)作为石油化工的基本原料是现代化学工业的基石,也是我国国民经济发展的重要组成部分。然而,其生产过程常伴随着分离困难且能耗较高等问题。金属有机骨架(MOF)材料作为第三代新型多孔材料,因其具有高孔隙率、大比表面积、孔尺寸高度可调、结构多样等优点,在低碳烯烃分离领域表现出巨大的潜能。本文综述了MOF材料在低碳烯烃吸附分离领域的研究现状,包括MOF的分离机理和针对不同分离任务所采用的孔径调节、配体修饰、吸附位点构筑等策略,重点总结了本课题组近几年关于MOF在低碳烯烃分离方面取得的研究进展,并对未来的工业化应用进行了展望。 相似文献