基于二醛微晶纤维素功能化C18的反相/亲水色谱固定相的制备

通过十八烷基胺的氨基与二醛微晶纤维素的醛基共价键合,制备了基于二醛微晶纤维素(DMCC)官能化C₁₈的新型反相/亲水色谱固定相(C₁₈-DMCC/SiO₂),该色谱固定相被用于反相色谱(RPLC)和亲水相互作用色谱(HILIC)模式。C₁₈-DMCC/SiO₂色谱柱展现了良好的疏水选择性和芳香选择性,在反相色谱模式下可分离烷基苯和多环芳烃(PAHs)。苯胺类、酚类和糖苷类等极性化合物被用于评估该色谱柱在反相色谱模式下的极性选择性,商品C₁₈柱作对照柱,色谱评价结果令人满意。核酸碱基被用于评估C₁₈-DMCC/SiO₂色谱柱的亲水色谱性能。通过考察有机溶剂含量对分析物保留的影响,发现该新型色谱固定相具有反相/亲水色谱的典型特征。     

超临界流体色谱与气相色谱-质谱联用测定卷烟主流烟气中醛酮类化合物的研究

建立了一种卷烟主流烟气中醛酮类香气化合物的超临界流体色谱/气相色谱-质谱测定方法。将捕集卷烟主流烟气粒相物的剑桥滤片用超临界流体萃取醛酮类香气成分后,通过配备高效分离柱的超临界流体色谱(SFC)先对香气成分进行划段,分离后的各段馏分再用GC-MS分析。结果表明:经SFC分离后的各段化合物之间基本不重叠,解决了GC-MS峰容量有限的问题,且分离出的醛酮类香气成分数量远多于直接进样分析法;样品直接进样后经GC-MS分析仅鉴定出29种醛酮类化合物,其中醛类7种、酮类22种;而经SFC分段后再用GC-MS分析,可鉴定出57种醛酮类化合物,包括13种醛类和44种酮类。3种不同焦油量卷烟主流烟气中醛酮类化合物种类和含量存在较大差异,每种卷烟主流烟气中分别含有不同特有醛酮类化合物。该研究为卷烟主流烟气中醛酮类香气成分的测定提供了新方法。     

一种内嵌三嗪环酰胺极性基团新型固定相的制备及其在碱性化合物分离中的应用

以γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷为偶联剂,三聚氯氰为反应物,采用固液表面连续反应法,依次与乙二胺、十二酰氯进行亲核取代反应,制备了一种嵌入三嗪环酰胺极性基团的新型反相色谱固定相,并采用元素分析法进行了表征。用制备的固定相装填色谱柱,以商品化C18色谱柱作为参考,对比考察了碱性化合物的分离情况。结果表明,极性三嗪环酰胺基团被成功地键合到硅胶表面,连续制备3次所得固定相的C、N、H含量的最大相对偏差均小于5%,说明制备工艺重现性良好;用制备的固定相装填的色谱柱分离5种苯胺类、4种吡啶类碱性化合物的选择性好,峰形对称。该结果为进一步推进该新型固定相的商品化提供了参考数据。     

基于二醛微晶纤维素功能化C_(18)的反相/亲水色谱固定相的制备（英文）

通过十八烷基胺的氨基与二醛微晶纤维素的醛基共价键合,制备了基于二醛微晶纤维素(DMCC)官能化C_(18)的新型反相/亲水色谱固定相(C_(18)-DMCC/SiO_2),该色谱固定相被用于反相色谱(RPLC)和亲水相互作用色谱(HILIC)模式。C_(18)-DMCC/SiO_2色谱柱展现了良好的疏水选择性和芳香选择性,在反相色谱模式下可分离烷基苯和多环芳烃(PAHs)。苯胺类、酚类和糖苷类等极性化合物被用于评估该色谱柱在反相色谱模式下的极性选择性,商品C_(18)柱作对照柱,色谱评价结果令人满意。核酸碱基被用于评估C_(18)-DMCC/SiO_2色谱柱的亲水色谱性能。通过考察有机溶剂含量对分析物保留的影响,发现该新型色谱固定相具有反相/亲水色谱的典型特征。     

ATRP技术制备Sil-LMA反相作用色谱固定相及其性能研究

以5μm大孔硅胶为基质,CuBr/Bpy为催化体系,采用原子转移自由基聚合(Atom transfer radical polymerization,ATRP)技术将甲基丙烯酸月桂酯(LMA)键合到硅胶表面,制得Sil-LMA反相作用色谱固定相。采用元素分析对该固定相进行表征,以芳香族化合物为溶质,甲醇-水为流动相,对该键合相的疏水选择性进行了考察。详细研究了甲醇浓度和温度对溶质保留行为的影响,以胺类、酚类化合物为溶质,评价了其色谱性能,并计算了溶质保留过程的热力学参数。经元素分析测得该填料的接枝量高达2.323 3 mg/m2。实验结果表明,在反相模式下该固定相可基线分离5种胺类化合物和5种酚类化合物。与C18反相柱相比,该合成柱的分离时间缩短且分离效果较好。该固定相具有很好的反相色谱性能,符合反相保留机理。     

一种新型羟基葫芦[6]脲气相色谱固定相性能的研究

本文首次成功地制备和利用羟基葫芦[6]脲((HO)12CB[6])作填充柱气相色谱固定相。研究表明,羟基葫芦[6]脲固定相(PSP)具有较宽的操作柱温、高度的化学和热稳定性,对多种类型的化合物展示较高的色谱分离选择性,这包括烷烃、芳烃、醇类、酯类、酮类和胺类等多种化合物。新柱对一些二取代苯环芳族位置异构体有较强的分离能力。实验发现,羟基葫芦[6]脲固定相对日用花露水中复杂的挥发性成分有高效快速分离能力。同时,初步探讨了新固定相的色谱分离机理,发现羟基葫芦[6]脲对溶质的部分包结作用,而不是完全包结作用,有利于提高其色谱分离选择性和柱效。此外,在极速程序升温色谱中,该固定相低流失基线漂移小,有利于实现宽沸点范围复杂样品的快速气相色谱分离分析。     

1.2μm新型放射型核壳色谱填料在加压毛细管电色谱中的性能评价

研究制备了1.2μm放射型核壳色谱填料,并对其表面进行了键合C18的改性,通过匀浆填充法制备了总长度为350 mm(固定相有效填充长度为70 mm)、内径为100μm的毛细管色谱柱,应用加压毛细管电色谱(pCEC)法考察了硫脲和萘在该色谱柱上的分离性能,同时讨论了流动相中有机相的比例、缓冲液的浓度、pH值、线性流速及施加电压对分离度的影响。实验结果表明,该新型核壳色谱填料在乙腈水体系中分离硫脲和萘时,表现出典型的反相色谱性能,当含有10 mmol/L磷酸的70%(v/v)乙腈水溶液为流动相、缓冲液pH为7.2、施加电压为-10kV时,柱效最高;在最佳线性流速为1 mm/s时,能够在8 min内实现8种中性物质的基线分离,且峰形较好,其中二苯甲酮的柱效高达19 072块/m。该研究表明1.2μm新型放射型核壳色谱填料适用于pCEC法的分离分析。     

核壳型二氧化硅色谱填料的研究进展

复杂样品的高效快速分离分析是分离科学家所面临的挑战。近年来,核壳型二氧化硅色谱填料以其高效、快速和低背压的特点被广泛用于小分子、大分子和复杂样品的快速分离分析。该文系统综述了二氧化硅核壳色谱固定相快速分离的机理,制备方法及其在小分子、多肽和生物大分子快速分离分析方面的应用,同时对核壳型色谱固定相的发展进行了展望。     

基于γ-环糊精和聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺色谱固定相的制备及应用

以多孔硅胶为载体,通过聚合反应将N-异丙基丙烯酰胺和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油醚接枝于硅胶表面,并在聚合物链中植入γ-环糊精.用1H核磁共振、元素分析、红外光谱对其结构进行表征,并将此材料用作液相色谱固定相,通过考察在高亲水有机流动相中极性亲水化合物的保留,发现此固定相具有亲水色谱(HILIC)的特征,可以用于核苷类亲水化合物的分离.此外,还可以用于富勒烯碳60(C60)和碳70(C70)的分离,相比于C60,此固定相对C70有更强的保留,表明此固定相表面γ-环糊精对C70具有立体选择性.并且,此固定相具有一定的温敏特性,仅通过改变柱温就可以达到分离的目的.     

新型季磷离子液体气相色谱柱的制备及应用

选择季磷型离子液体为气相色谱固定相,采用静态法将其涂渍于纳米级SiO2预处理的毛细管内壁上制备成毛细管气相色谱柱.考察了此固定相的基本色谱性能和极性,并详细研究了其对多种化合物的分离性能和保留特点.研究表明,此该离子液体色谱柱的柱效为1381 plates/m,极性为559.6,与商品化的聚乙二醇(PEG20M)和硝基对苯二甲酸改性的聚乙二醇(FFAP)柱的极性相近.此固定相对给质子体化合物的保留作用明显强于PEG20M,并且其对芳香化合物的间位和对位异构体的分离选择性明显优于自制的PEG20M.此固定相对芳香位置异构体、烷烃、多环芳烃、氯苯、醇类等均具有较好的分离效果.     

甘脲和羟基葫芦[6]脲气相色谱固定相的制备及其色谱分离性能比较研究

甘脲是羟基葫芦[6]脲(HOCB6)的前体, 本文设计了一种在酸性条件下均匀涂渍固定液的新方法, 首次将甘脲和羟基葫芦[6]脲用作气相色谱固定相. 将甘脲和HOCB6填装成气相色谱填充柱后, 以烷烃、卤代烃、芳香烃、醇、酮、酯、酸、胺等物质为探针, 用复杂样品花露水对它们的色谱分离性能进行了比较研究. 结果表明, 甘脲和HOCB6 都是良好的气相色谱固定相, 热稳定性高, 柱性能稳定. 两种固定相对以上溶质探针都有较好的分离能力, HOCB6固定相(PSP)与甘脲固定相(GSP)相比较, 总体上具有更好的分离选择性, 对难分离的芳香族位置异构体(如二甲苯、甲基苯胺)具有良好的分离能力, 显示出较高的立体选择性, 对花露水中的高沸点组分有较好的分离效果. 上述研究也表明, 由于溶质在载气中传质比葫芦脲内腔快得多, 全包结尽管有利于提高分离选择性, 但展宽后的柱效不理想; 适当的高柱温既保留了部分包结作用, 同时存在端口协同作用, 能兼顾高选择性和高柱效.     

Reductive Amination of Carbonyl Compounds with Ammonia and Hydrogenation of Nitriles to Primary Amines with Heterogeneous Cobalt Catalysts

Reductive amination of aldehydes/ketones with aqueous NH3 and hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines with Co catalysts were reported. Co@NC-700 exhibited remarkable activity and high selectivity for the reductive amination of aldehydes/ketones with aqueous NH3 and the hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines. Several primary amines can be obtained with good to excellent yields via the reductive amination of aldehydes/ketones and the hydrogenation of nitriles. The nitrogen-doped carbon(C)-supported Co@NC-700 metal catalyst was prepared via the pyrolysis of bioMOF Co/adenine in activated C. Co@NC-700 can be reused five times without evident loss of activity.     

Carbon nanotube and carbon nanorod-filled polyacrylonitrile electrospun stationary phase for ultrathin layer chromatography

The application of carbon nanotube or nanorod/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite electrospun nanofibrous stationary phase for ultrathin layer chromatography (UTLC) is described herein. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and edge-plane carbon (EPC) nanorods were prepared and electrospun with the PAN polymer solution to form composite nanofibers for use as a UTLC stationary phase. The analysis of laser dyes demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing carbon nanoparticle-filled electrospun nanofibers as a UTLC stationary phase. The contribution of MWCNT or EPC in changing selectivity of the stationary phase was studied by comparing the chromatographic behavior among MWCNT–PAN plates, EPC–PAN plates and pure PAN plates. Carbon nanoparticles in the stationary phase were able to establish strong π–π interactions with aromatic analytes. The separation of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) demonstrated enhanced chromatographic performance of MWCNT-filled stationary phase by displaying substantially improved resolution and separation efficiency. Band broadening of the spots for MWCNT or EPC-filled UTLC stationary phases was also investigated and compared with that for pure PAN stationary phases. A 50% improvement in band dispersion was noted using the MWCNT based composite nanofibrous UTLC plates.     

The direct catalytic asymmetric alpha-aminooxylation reaction: development of stereoselective routes to 1,2-diols and 1,2-amino alcohols and density functional calculations

Proline-catalyzed direct asymmetric alpha-aminooxylation of ketones and aldehydes is described. The proline-catalyzed reactions between unmodified ketones or aldehydes and nitrosobenzene proceeded with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities. In all cases tested, the corresponding products were isolated with >95 % ees. Methyl alkyl ketones were regiospecifically oxidized at the methylene carbon atom to afford enantiomerically pure alpha-aminooxylated ketones. In addition, cyclic ketones could be alpha,alpha'-dioxidized with remarkably high selectivity, furnishing the corresponding diaminooxylated ketones with >99 % ees. The reaction mechanism of the proline-catalyzed direct asymmetric alpha-aminooxylation was investigated, and we performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations in order to investigate the nature of the plausible transition states further. We also screened other organocatalysts for the asymmetric alpha-oxidation reaction and found that several proline derivatives were also able to catalyze the transformation with excellent enantioselectivities. Moreover, stereoselective routes for the synthesis of monoprotected vicinal diols and hydroxyketones were found. In addition, short routes for the direct preparation of enantiomerically pure epoxides and 1,2-amino alcohols are presented. The direct catalytic alpha-oxidation is also a novel route for the stereoselective preparation of beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists.     

Propylamido-Modified C18 Reversed-Phase for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

The synthesis and chromatographic properties of a propylamido-modified C18 stationary phase are described. The propylamido-modified C18 phase was prepared by bonding stearic acid to 3-aminopropyl-silica gel. The synthesis was simple and reproducible through amide formation by using N-hydroxysuccinimide and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. This prepared stationary phase exhibited excellent abilities to separate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polysiloxanes and phenols by HPLC. The chromatographic results show that both the C3 moiety and the amido-group in this phase contribute significantly to the HPLC separation process. The chromatographic behavior of the prepared phase and commercial C18 phases was also compared in analyses of PAHs and phenols. Although the commercial C18 phases have been extensively used, both the unique selectivity and the highly reproducible synthesis of our prepared phase make it an excellent complement to ordinary C18 phases.     

Catalytic Oxidation of Alcohols to Corresponding Aldehydes or Ketones with TEMPO-Mediated Iodosobenzene in Water in the Presence of a Surfactant

An efficient, facile, and rapid oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones with a stoichiometric amount of iodosobenzene (PhIO) in the presence of catalytic amounts of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl free radical (TEMPO), KBr, and a surfactant, such as SDS (sodium dodecylsulfate), was reported. The oxidation proceeded in water at room temperature to afford aldehydes or ketones in excellent yields and high selectivity without overoxidation to carboxylic acids. Selective oxidation of primary alcohols in the presence of secondary alcohols was also achieved with the catalytic system of PhIO/TEMPO/KBr/SDS. A possible mechanism for the oxidation was supposed.     

Polymeric imidazolium ionic liquids as valuable stationary phases in gas chromatography: Chemical synthesis and full characterization

Seven new functionalized polymerizable ionic liquids were chemically prepared, and later applied for the preparation of polymeric stationary phases in gas chromatography. These coated GC columns, which exhibited good thermal stabilities (240–300 °C) and very high efficiencies (3120–4200 plates/m), have been characterized using the Abraham solvation parameter model. The chromatographic behavior of these polymeric IL columns has been deeply studied observing excellent selectivities in the separation of many organic substances such as alkanes, ketones, alcohols, amines or esters in mixtures of polar and non polar solvents or fragrances. Remarkably, the challenging separation of xylene isomers has been possible using a bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide based imidazolium IL coated column as a gas chromatography stationary phase.     

Synthesis and Applications of a Novel 3,4-<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bis</Emphasis>(2-Fluoro-5-Trifluoromethyl Phenyl)-2,5-Diphenyl Phenyl Grafted Polysiloxane Stationary Phase

A novel polyphenyl-grafted polysiloxane stationary phase named 3,4-bis(2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2,5-diphenyl phenyl grafted polysiloxane stationary phase (FFMP) was synthesized through a Diels–Alder reaction with a high column efficiency (average number of plates: 3700 plates/m; achieved by naphthalene at 120 °C) and simultaneously coated on fused silica capillary tubes to prepare a gas chromatographic column with excellent performance. The column performance test results indicated that the FFMP columns could work properly up to 360 °C, as evidenced by the chromatogram of the polyethylene pyrolysis mixture. The thermogravimetric analysis curve showed that the decomposition temperature of the FFMP was up to 380 °C. The FFMP columns were also applied in the separation and analysis of multimixtures, such as Grob test mixtures, benzene mixtures and fatty acid esters, and as well as a medium polar stationary phase (according to the results of McReynolds constants, the sum of ?I was 779.) The FFMF columns exhibited excellent separation selectivity for these substances because of the conjugated system formed by the polyphenyl side chain connected by single bonds. This conjugated system can promote the delocalization of π-electrons as well as enhance the forces of π–π interaction, and the dipole-induced dipole action between the FFMP stationary phase and the analytes.     

Asymmetric synthesis of beta-nitro ketones via Michael addition of lithiated alpha-amino nitriles to nitroalkenes

Alpha-amino nitriles, easily prepared from aldehydes, KCN, and an enantiopure secondary amine auxiliary, are metalated and used as nucleophiles in asymmetric Michael additions to nitroalkenes to afford the Michael adducts in good yields and good to excellent diastereoselectivities. After chromatographic purification, the diastereomerically pure 1,4-adducts are cleaved under acidic conditions to give the beta-nitro ketones in good yields and with two exceptions in good to excellent enantiomeric excesses (ee = 86-99%). The absolute configuration was determined by X-ray structure analysis.     

Retention behaviors of novel ionic liquid stationary phases and their selectivity for capillary gas chromatography

<正>One chloride-terminated ionic liquid(CTIL) and two hydroxyl-terminated ionic liquids(HTILs) were synthesized and used as stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography(CGC).Molecular interactions of these stationary phases were evaluated by Abraham solvation parameter model,indicating that the CTIL exhibits remarkably strong H-bond basicity and the HTILs possess both H-bond basicity and acidity.The molecular interactions were further confirmed by separation of a complex mixture consisting of ketones,aldehydes,esters,alcohols and aromatic compounds.It was found that the obtained solvation parameters correlate well with the chromatographic performances of the analytes in terms of elution order and resolution.The well correlated relationship between the solvation parameters and the selectivity of the CTIL and HTILs stationary phases is quite helpful in predicting and understanding the retention behaviors of different types of analytes on these stationary phases.