毛细管电色谱-激发诱导荧光检测动物性食品中多肽类抗生素

以4-氟-7-硝基-2,1,3-苯并呋咱（NBD-F）为荧光试剂,建立了毛细管电色谱-激光诱导荧光（CEC-LIF）检测动物性食品中痕量杆菌肽、多粘菌素B和粘杆菌素等环状多肽抗生素的分析方法。在50 mmol/L的硼酸缓冲液（pH 7.5）中,多肽类抗生素经60℃衍生反应45 min。所得衍生产物采用苯基毛细管色谱填充柱进行分离,流动相为乙腈-磷酸盐缓冲液（pH 5.0,10 mmol/L）（55∶45,v/v）,辅助压力为3.8 MPa,分离电压为-10 kV,流速为0.02 mL/min。结果表明,多肽类抗生素的检出限（S/N=3）为5.0~10.0 ng/mL,满足目标物最大残留限量的检测要求。方法应用于饲料和牛奶样品的分析,平均回收率为72.9%~112.4%。该方法预处理操作简单、灵敏,为动物性食品中兽药残留分离分析提供了新手段。     

毛细管电泳分离-激光诱导荧光检测生物胺

采用新合成的6-氧-[(1-琥珀酰亚胺)氧酰甲基]-荧光素乙酯(SOFE)作为柱前衍生试剂,毛细管电泳分离-激光诱导荧光检测了乙醇胺(EOA)、组胺(His)、甲胺(MA)、乙胺(EA)、酪胺(TYR)及苯乙胺(PEA)6种生物胺。在硼酸-硼砂缓冲溶液(pH8.5)中,室温(25℃)下衍生10min。用pH8.5的含25mmol/LSDS15%(V/V)乙腈的40mmol/L硼酸盐溶液作为电泳缓冲溶液,6种衍生物在15min内完全分离,检出限在2.5×10-11～8×10-11mol/L之间。该方法应用于酱油中生物胺的测定,结果令人满意。     

胶束电动毛细管色谱检测鱼肉中的七种生物胺

建立了一种利用胶束电动毛细管色谱同时检测鱼肉中组胺、腐胺、2-苯乙基胺、尸胺、色胺、亚精胺及精胺7种生物胺的方法。样品经6%过氯酸萃取后,由苯甲酰氯衍生化,以含0.06 mol/L脱氧胆酸钠的0.02 mol/L硼酸(pH 9.2)-甲醇(体积比为95∶5)混合液为电泳介质,电泳电压25 kV,温度25 ℃,检测波长214 nm,在12 min内实现了7种生物胺的完全分离。7种生物胺的浓度与其峰面积在一定的范围呈良好的线性关系,检出限除组胺为15 μg/g外,其余均为5 μg/g。迁移时间和峰面积的日内、日间相对标准偏差均小于5%。该法用于海鱼中7种胺类物质含量的测定,结果令人满意。     

5种生物胺的毛细管胶束电动色谱分离

在胶束电动色谱模式下考察了影响生物胺分离的几个因素(如缓冲溶液及SDS浓度、pH、表面活性剂、分离温度及外加电压等)并优化了分离条件,建立了一种简单快速的利用毛细管胶束电动色谱DAD检测器分离分析生物胺的新方法。当缓冲溶液为40mmol/L硼酸缓冲液(pH8.5)、68mmol/LSDS,分离电压为25kV、分离温度为25℃时,5种生物胺在7min内实现了令人满意的基线分离。在优化的条件下,对其线性范围、检出限和重现性进行了测定。结果表明,生物胺的迁移时间的重现性<0.8%,面积的重现性<4%。     

在线固相萃取-毛细管高效液相色谱联用测定奶酪中的生物胺

采用双二元泵毛细管液相色谱,通过六通阀实现了样品的在线净化与分离定量的自动切换,建立了同时测定奶酪中的15种生物胺的在线固相萃取-毛细管高效液相色谱联用方法。通过优化毛细管高效液相色谱的分离条件,考察在线固相萃取流动相的组成、上样溶液pH值以及六通阀的切换时间对生物胺回收率的影响,确定最佳分析条件为：5%乙腈-水作为固萃柱(Zorbax SB-C18)的流动相,上样溶液pH=11,上样3 min后切换六通阀。采用内标法定量,15种生物胺标准曲线的线性范围为0.25~50.0 mg/L,检出限( LOD)为0.05~0.25 mg/L,定量限(LOQ)为0.15~0.80 mg/L。除了甲胺、乙胺、3-甲基丁胺和5-羟基色胺外,其余生物胺的不同添加水平(1,20和40 mg/kg)下的加标回收率为79.6%~118.7%;除3-甲基丁胺和5-羟基色胺外,其余生物胺的RSD在0.3%~14.9%之间,可用于奶酪中多种生物胺的快速检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定海水中游离态腐胺、亚精胺和精胺

使用高效液相色谱法测定海水中3种游离态多胺(腐胺、亚精胺和精胺).海水样品经 HClO4溶液酸化,丹磺酰氯衍生化,ODS色谱柱(150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm)分离,以0.1 mol/L乙酸铵和乙腈为流动相梯度淋洗,流速为1.0 mL/min,荧光检测(激发波长:340 nm;发射波长:515 nm).本实验中腐胺、亚精胺和精胺的检出限(S/N=3)分别为9.6×10-11, 2.8×10-10和1.0×10-10mol/L.在1×10-9～1×10-7mol/L范围内,3种多胺的浓度和荧光信号值均呈良好的线性关系(R>0.99).海水样品添加浓度在5×10-9, 1×10-8, 2.5×10-8和5×10-8 mol/L的回收率为84.9%～110.9%;衍生方法的相对标准偏差<3.6%,本方法中多胺衍生物不需要用有机溶剂萃取,衍生后可直接进样分析,避免了萃取过程中多胺的损失,极大地提高了分析速度.本方法具有选择性高,样品用量少,灵敏度好等特点,适合海水中游离态腐胺、亚精胺和精胺的痕量分析.     

毛细管区带电泳-间接紫外检测法快速测定食品中乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖

建立了毛细管区带电泳-间接紫外检测快速测定食品中乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖的方法。以水或5 mmol/L醋酸为样品提取液,未涂层熔融石英毛细管(30.2 cm(有效长度20 cm)×50 μm)为分离柱,4 mmol/L山梨酸钾+10 mmol/L磷酸钠+30 mmol/L NaOH(pH 12.56)+0.5 mmol/L十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为分离缓冲液,在-8 kV下分离,于254 nm波长下检测,10 min内实现了食品中上述4种糖的同时分离与测定。乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖的检出限(S/N=3)分别为50、75、25和25 mg/L,定量限(S/N=10)分别为150、225、75和75 mg/L,回收率在87.0%~107.0%之间,相对标准偏差在1.2%~4.7%之间。整个实验过程未使用有机溶剂。用该法测定了9种食品样品及1个质控样品,结果表明该法简单、快速、准确,适用于食品中乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖的日常测定。     

1μm C18固定相的制备及在手性加压毛细管电色谱中的应用

制备了粒径为1μm的无孔C18固定相,并将其应用在手性加压毛细管电色谱中用以分离对映体。以改良的Stber法先合成粒径为1μm的无孔二氧化硅微球,后采用二次硅烷化方法制备出1μm C18固定相。以加压毛细管电色谱为平台,通过考察影响分离的各因素,确定了最佳拆分条件:乙腈/5 mmol/L pH 4.0乙酸铵缓冲液(20/80,v/v),羧甲基-β-环糊精(CM-β-CD)浓度15 mmol/L,泵流速0.03 mL/min,分离比约300∶1,施加电压2kV。本研究采用的二次硅烷化方法提高了C18的键合量。和毛细管液相色谱相比,4种药物在加压毛细管模式下有更好的分离效果,柱效最高为19万理论塔板数/m。盐酸安非他酮、盐酸克伦特罗、酒石酸美托洛尔、盐酸艾司洛尔对映体的分离度分别为1.55、2.82、1.69、1.70。该研究为手性流动相添加剂法在加压毛细管电色谱中的应用以及微米级填料在手性色谱中的应用提供了新的思路。     

托吡卡胺对映体的毛细管电泳-方波安培分离检测

采用毛细管电泳-方波安培检测法,在熔融石英毛细管(75 μm i.d.×50 cm)中,以7 mmol/L 三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris)-10 mmol/L柠檬酸-2 mmol/L硼酸-15mmol/L β-环糊精 （β-CD） (pH 3.0)为电泳介质,采用重力进样,高度差为20 cm,进样时间为10 s,在分离电压为15 kV,方波平衡电位+0.8 V的条件下,实现了托吡卡胺对映体的分离检测。线性范围为5~750 μmol/L,检出限为2 μmol/L。对影响分离度的因素β-CD浓度、硼酸浓度及p     

非衍生化液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源性食品中8种生物胺

采用液相色谱-串联质谱技术建立了同时测定动物源性食品中组胺(HIS)、色胺(TRP)、2-苯乙胺(2-PHE)、腐胺(PUT)、尸胺(CAD)、酪胺(TYR)、亚精胺(SPD)和精胺(SPM)8种生物胺(BAs)的分析方法。样品用乙腈-甲酸水溶液提取,用强阳离子交换柱(MCX)净化。在不进行衍生化的条件下,采用亲水作用色谱(HILIC)柱、以5 mmol/L的乙酸铵溶液和甲醇为流动相分离8种生物胺。结果表明,8种生物胺的线性范围为0.001～100 μg/L,相关系数(r2)均大于0.99。方法的检出限(LODs,信噪比为3)在0.001～1 μg/kg之间,定量限(LOQs,信噪比为10)在0.003～5 μg/kg之间。在8种基质中3个加标水平的回收率都在73.9%～106.3%之间,加标含量范围为0.003～50 μg/kg,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=6)在5.65%～18.6%之间。方法的灵敏度和回收率高,选择性好,能满足日常动物源性食品检测工作的要求。     

Analytical potential of 6-oxy-(N-succinimidyl acetate)-9-(2'-methoxycarbonyl) fluorescein for the determination of amino compounds by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection

The analytical potential of a fluorescein analogue, 6-oxy-(N-succinimidyl acetate)-9-(2'-methoxycarbonyl) fluorescein (SAMF), for the first time synthesized in our laboratory, as a labeling reagent for the labeling and determination of amino compounds by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection was investigated. Biogenic monoamines and amino acids were chosen as model analytes to evaluate the analytical possibilities of this approach. The derivatization conditions and separation parameters for the biogenic amines were optimized in detail. The derivatization was performed at 30 degrees C for 6 min in boric acid buffer (pH 8.0). The derivatives were baseline-separated in 15 min with 25 mM boric acid running buffer (pH 9.0), containing 24 mM SDS and 12.5% v/v acetonitrile. The concentration detection limit for biogenic amines reaches 8 x 10(-11) mol.L(-1) (signal-to-noise ratio = 3). The application of CE in the analysis of the SAMF-derivatized amino acids was also exploited. The optimal running buffer for amino acids suggested that weak acidic background electrolyte offered better separation than the basic one. The proposed method was applied to the determination of biogenic amines in three different beer samples with satisfying recoveries varying from 92.8% to 104.8%. Finally, comparison of several fluorescein-based probes for amino compounds was discussed. With good labeling reaction, excellent photostability, pH-independent fluorescence (pH 4-9), and the resultant widely suited running buffer pH, SAMF has a great prospect in the determination of amino compounds in CE.     

逍遥丸的毛细管电泳指纹图谱的建立

采用毛细管区带电泳法建立了逍遥丸(Xiaoyao Pill, XYP)的毛细管电泳指纹图谱(CEFP)。运用正方形优化法,以色谱指纹图谱分离量指数(RF)为优化的目标函数,对建立指纹图谱的实验条件进行了优化,确定了最佳背景电解质(BGE)溶液50 mmol/L硼砂-50 mmol/L磷酸氢二钠-150 mmol/L磷酸二氢钠-50 mmol/L碳酸氢钠(1:1:1:5, v/v/v/v; pH 7.40)、紫外检测波长228 nm、运行电压12 kV、重力进样25 s (高度14 cm)的分离检测条件。采用未涂层石英毛细管(70 cm×75 μm,有效分离长度57 cm)分离,以咖啡酸色谱峰为参照,确定13批逍遥丸样品的21个共有指纹峰。通过聚类分析确定用其中10批样品生成对照CEFP,以此为标准用系统指纹定量法鉴别13批逍遥丸的质量,结果显示: S3号样品的化学成分数量和分布比例不合格,S10和S12号样品含量明显偏高,其余批次质量均合格。所建立的正方形优化法操作简便,适用于中药的毛细管区带电泳BGE的选择;所建立的逍遥丸CEFP具有较好的精密度和重现性,可以为逍遥丸的质量控制提供新的参考。     

天冬酰胺合成酶B抑制剂高效液相色谱筛选方法的建立与应用

建立了一种快速、高效测定天冬酰胺合成酶B(AS-B)酶活性的反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)。酶反应体系中的氨基酸经2,4-二硝基氟苯(DNFB)柱前衍生,通过RP-HPLC测定酶反应体系前后底物及产物的变化来分析酶的活性。采用的色谱柱为Agilent C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),以50 mmol/L醋酸钠缓冲液(pH 6.2)-乙腈(体积比为15:85)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温为30 ℃,检测波长365 nm,于6 min内实现了各组分的基线分离。通过该方法测定反应动力学参数进行AS-B的抑制定量分析。将已知AS-B抑制剂L-谷氨酸-γ-甲酯作用于酶反应体系,测得的抑制剂的抑制常数与文献值相接近,证明该方法可用于AS-B抑制剂的筛选。     

Method development and validation for the determination of biogenic amines in soy sauce using supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometry

Biogenic amines have been reported in many foods such as fish, meat, and soy sauce. The consumption of foods containing high concentrations of biogenic amines has been associated with health hazards. In this study, a green and efficient method using supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometry was developed for determination of biogenic amines in soy sauce. The chromatographic and mass spectrometry conditions were systematically optimized in terms of selectivity and peak shape. Nine biogenic amines were well separated within 25 min on a Cosmosil 5HP column using 5% (v/v) water and 0.2% (v/v) ammonia solution in methanol as mobile phase additives at a backpressure of 120 bar and temperature of 40°C. The established method was fully validated regarding the linearity, sensitivity, precision, and accuracy. The limits of detection and limits of quantification ranged from 0.03 to 10.50 μg/mL and 0.10 to 23.1 μg/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviations for intra‐ and interday precisions were all lower than 9.36% and the recoveries ranged from 75.82 to 99.63% and 80.10 to 99.89% for two levels of standards spiked in soy sauce, respectively. Finally, the established method was successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of biogenic amines in soy sauce.     

毛细管电泳-激光诱导荧光检测法测定卡托普利和N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸

建立了一种高效、快速的毛细管电泳分离-激光诱导荧光(CE-LIF)检测卡托普利(CAP)和N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸(NAC)的分析方法。采用1,3,5,7-四甲基-8-溴甲基-二氟二硼-二吡咯甲川(TMMB-Br)为柱前衍生试剂,在50 mmol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH=8.5)中,40℃下进行衍生反应10min。以荧光素为内标,25mmol/L硼酸盐缓冲溶液(pH=9.5)为电泳背景电解质,14min内达到基线分离。CAP和NAC的检出限分别为0.65nmol/L、0.76nmol/L。将该方法应用于人体尿液和血清中这两种物质的测定,回收率在97.0%~105.7%之间。     

Sensitive profiling of biogenic amines in human urine by capillary electrophoresis with field amplified sample injection

In order to monitor biogenic amines in human urine, a method based on field‐amplified sample injection combined with capillary electrophoresis and direct UV absorption detection was developed. Dopamine, tyramine, tryptamine, serotonin and epinephrine were effectively separated and identified in human urine samples, and detection limits were 0.072, 0.010, 0.027, 0.010 and 0.120 µmol/L, respectively. Detection limits comparable to laser‐induced fluorescence detection or solid phase extraction combined with capillary electrophoresis were achieved. Parameters affecting electrophoretic system detection sensitivity were investigated. Optimal separation conditions were obtained using as background electrolyte a pH 6.5 mixture of 2‐(morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid 20 mmol/L and 30 mmol/L phosphate buffer, containing 0.05% hydroxypropylcellulose and 10% v/v methanol. Injections of the sample solution were performed by applying a voltage of 12 kV for 50 s. Recovery and accuracy ranged between 89.4 and 94.9%, and 89 and 112%, respectively. The method was successfully applied on actual urine samples (from a healthy volunteer): target bioamine content was consistent with endogenous levels reported in the literature. The proposed method is simple, fast and inexpensive and can be conveniently employed in work‐related stress studies. The affordability and noninvasive sampling of the method allow epidemiological studies on large number of exposed persons to be performed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

胶束电动毛细管色谱法检测红曲米中的莫纳可林K

建立了测定红曲米中莫纳可林K含量的胶束电动毛细管色谱(MEKC)方法。考察了运行缓冲液的种类、pH及其浓度、有机添加剂、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的浓度和分离电压等实验条件对电泳分离效果及检测灵敏度的影响。在优化的实验条件下,以20 mmol/L硼砂(pH 10.6,含10%(体积分数)乙醇和40 mmol/L SDS)作为缓冲溶液,莫纳可林K能在23 min内实现很好的基线分离,线性范围为5.00～100.00 mg/L,线性相关系数为0.9976,检出限(以信噪比(S/N)为3计)为0.13 mg/L,加标回收率为98.5%～99.5%。精密度和稳定性试验中,峰面积和迁移时间的相对标准偏差均小于3%,表明重复性良好。该方法简便、快速、灵敏,可用于红曲米中莫纳可林K含量的测定。