Design and Synthesis Strategies: 2D Materials for Electromagnetic Shielding/Absorbing

Two-dimensional (2D) materials possess special physical and chemical properties. They have been proved to have potential application advantage in the microwave absorption (MA) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Particularly, they exhibit positive shielding and absorbing response to EMI. Here, the research progress of preparation, electromagnetic performance and microwave shielding/absorbing mechanisms of 2D composite materials are introduced. Effective preparation routes including introducing heteroatoms, constructing unique structures and 2D composite materials are described. Furthermore, the application prospects and challenges for the development of novel EMI materials are expatiated.     

A Universal Synthesis Strategy for Tunable Metal-Organic Framework Nanohybrids**

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs) enjoy a vastly expanded application potential in catalysis, filtration, and sensing. The selection of particular modified core-NPs has yielded partial successes in overcoming lattice mismatch. However, restrictions on the choice of NPs not only limit the diversity, but also affect the properties of the hybrid materials. Here, we show a versatile synthesis strategy using a representative set of seven MOF-shells and six NP-cores that are fine-tuned to incorporate from single to hundreds of cores in mono-, bi-, tri- and quaternary composites. This method does not require the presence of any specific surface structures or functionalities on the pre-formed cores. Our key point is to regulate the diffusion rate of alkaline vapors that deprotonate organic linkers and trigger the controlled MOF-growth and encapsulation of NPs. This strategy is expected to pave the way for the exploration of more sophisticated MOF-nanohybrids.     

以高分子材料为特色的材料化学专业定位及课程体系建设

在广泛调研的基础上,结合郑州大学材料学学科优势,提出了我校以高分子材料为特色的材料化学专业定位。在化学-高分子材料的交叉理念指导下,参考国内部分知名大学材料化学专业的教学计划和课程设置,对我校材料化学专业教学计划进行了修订,优化了化学类课程和高分子材料类课程设置,增加了一些应用类课程,同时加强了实践教学环节,并对部分课...     

应用于有机加氢反应的等离激元催化材料设计

金属纳米晶体具有独特的表面等离激元特性,为太阳能转换成化学能提供了新的机遇。本文以课题组近期的研究工作为例,阐述在催化有机加氢反应中表面等离激元效应所产生的多种物理过程的作用机制。该系列工作实现了太阳能向化学能的有效转换,为太阳能替代传统有机化工中的热催化提供了可能性,对等离激元催化材料的设计具有一定的指导意义。     

无机多孔材料的合成及其在环境催化领域的应用

无机多孔材料因其具有特殊的物化性能在化工、能源、环保等相关领域被广泛应用。本文总结了无机多孔材料的当前研究进展,详细介绍了微孔、介孔、大孔材料和大孔-介孔、大孔-微孔、介孔-微孔以及大孔-介孔-微孔等复合孔材料的制备方法,并介绍了无机多孔材料在室内、外等环保催化领域的应用,特别介绍了多孔材料对于消除移动源污染的应用。最后,对当前无机多孔材料在制备方面存在的问题进行了总结,并对今后无机多孔材料的制备方法和研究方向进行了展望。     

《碳纳米材料电化学》专辑序言 ——方兴未艾的电化学能量转换和存储先进材料和技术

可以预见,在相当一段时期内,能源和环境将是全球发展的两大主题. 其实,人类对能源的获取方式将对地球的生态环境和人类未来的生存状态和生活方式产生重要影响. 正因为如此,世界各国正在大力发展可再生能源和清洁能源. 电化学能源是将化学能高效转变为电能的一种能量转换方式,它历史悠久,但不断被改进和创新,尤其是近年来得到了较快的发展. 目前,电化学能源转换和存储器件主要包括一次电池（如锌锰电池等）、二次电池（如铅酸电池、镍氢电池、锂离子电池等）、燃料电池、金属-空气电池以及超级电容器等. 电化学能源和其它可再生能源相互补充、交叉利用将是未来清洁能源的主要发展方向.     

植入式神经电极阵列器件与材料的研究进展

The human brain comprises over 100 billion neurons that communicate with each other via electrical activities called action potentials. Sensory perception, cognition, and behavior all emerge from these activities. Neuroengineering is a developing interdisciplinary field that employs knowledge from neurobiology, electrical and electronic engineering, materials science and engineering, computer science, and many others. Neuroengineering aims to develop tools for understanding the mechanism of brain function at the circuit level, and to further the development of neuromodulation strategy and neuroprosthetics for motor, sensory, and mental rehabilitation from disabilities and illnesses.     

Recent Advances in Hybrid Materials of Metal Nanoparticles and Polyoxometalates

Polyoxometalates (POMs), anionic metal-oxygen nanoclusters that possess various composition-dependent properties, are widely used to modify the existing properties of metal nanoparticles and to endow them with new ones. Herein, we present an overview of recent advances in hybrid materials that consist of metal nanoparticles and POMs. Following a brief introduction on the inception of this area and its development, representative properties and applications of these materials in various fields such as electrochemistry, photochemistry, and catalysis are introduced. We discuss how the combination of two classic inorganic materials facilitates cooperative and synergistic behavior, and we also give personal perspectives on the future development of this field.     

纳米银、金溶胶的电化学合成及其基本胶体性质——物理化学综合实验设计

电化学和胶体体系基础理论是大学本科物理化学学习的重要内容。通过综合化学实验设计,以直接电化学还原方法制备纳米银、金溶胶,利用紫外-可见光谱分析溶胶粒子的特征吸收光谱,并运用循环伏安法探讨表面活性剂的稳定作用和纳米金属溶胶的形成机理,从而提高学生的基础知识综合运用能力与综合实验技能,适合在大学化学及其相关专业的综合化学实验中推广。     

Microscopical Structuring of Solids by Molecular Beam Epitaxy—Spatially Resolved Materials Synthesis

Interfaces and heterojunctions which are incorporated into a crystal in well-defined geometrical and spatial arrangements can lead to a structuring or engineering of (semiconducting) solids down to atomic dimensions. The electrical and optical properties are then defined locally, and phenomena related to extremely small dimensions (“quantum size effects”) become more important than the actual chemical properties of the materials used. The technique of molecular beam epitaxy allows an atomic layer-by-layer deposition in a two-dimensional growth process, and crystalline materials in alternating layers of arbitrary composition and only a few atomic layers thickness are formed. The synthesis of microscopically structured solids by molecular beam epitaxy affords access to a new class of materials with accurately tailored electrical, optical, magnetic, dielectric, mechanical etc. properties. The semiconductor and metal superlattices described in this article, which are made of alternating thin layers of two different materials, symbolize just the beginning of a new area of materials engineering on a molecular (or atomic) scale. This periodic modulation of the chemical composition normal to the surface imposes an artificial periodicity on the semiconductor or metal crystal, a periodicity of one or two orders of magnitude larger than its natural lattice spacing. The synthesis of other materials combinations, including semiconductor/metal, semiconductor/insulator, metal/insulator, polymers, and magnetic materials, with entirely different properties and for completely different applications will certainly follow. Finally, a large variety of desired combinations of elements can be selected, and even metastable compounds with novel exciting properties can be synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy.     

Supercritical CO2-Induced Amorphization in 2D Materials: Mechanism and Applications

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO₂)-assisted chemical and material processing has shown great success in the fabrication of 2D amorphous materials, while the amorphization mechanism in SC CO₂ is quite complicated to be understand. In this review, we introduce different kinds of 2D amorphous materials prepared with SC CO₂ and discuss the possible amorphization mechanism and how they affect the structures and properties of 2D materials. Their applications are further presented and discussed. In addition, the prospective of future development of SC CO₂-assisted fabrication of 2D amorphous materials is also involved. The investigation of SC CO₂ induced amorphization not only provides theoretic understanding of amorphization process, but also directs to the preparation and application of 2D amorphous materials with specific structure and property, suggesting the promising future of SC CO₂-assisted process in material design and engineering.     

Advanced Materials: Trends and Possibilities in Liquid Crystalline Polymers

During the past ten years there has been a sharp increase in interest in the opportunities afforded by R & D in the field of specialty polymers. Interest is mainly being shown in two distinct categories of polymers, namely, (a) polymers which are used in very small quantities to fulfill critical needs as a part of device system, and (b) high-performance engineering polymers which significantly extend their mechanical and thermal properties for structural applications. The first category ranges from advanced resists and insulating layers for microelectronic devices to membranes for filtration systems. The second category encompasses improved matrices for advanced composites as well as liquid crystalline polymers. In the present paper an overview is first given of the emerging opportunities for advanced materials and particularly specialty polymers. The status of work on liquid crystalline copolyesters is then discussed with special emphasis on one of the major problems confronting this field, namely interpreting the microstructure of the copolyesters.     

The upsurge of photocatalysts in antibiotic micropollutants treatment: Materials design,recovery, toxicity and bioanalysis

The excessive use of antimicrobial agents such as antibiotics and disinfectants for domestic purposes and industries polluted the water bodies severely in the recent past. Thus released antimicrobial agents negatively impact the environment and human health as it induce antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to microbes in the environment. Conventional biodegradation routes showed feasible antibiotics pollutants degradation. Nonetheless, they often demand a long time of operation (usually in days) and a major portion of the antimicrobial agents is left untreated unlike the complete oxidation with advanced oxidation processes. The residues of antibiotics left in the water bodies accelerate growth of microorganisms (bacterial, fungal, and viral) with AMR. In virtue of avoiding the catastrophe of widespread AMR, photocatalysis assisted antibiotic pollutant treatment is recently gaining a great popularity as an advanced oxidation process and has shown to be useful for the removal of antimicrobial compounds, mainly antibiotics. Recent review reports on photocatalytic antibiotic degradation focus on summarizing materials progress and antibiotics pollutants in chronological viewpoints. However, the relationship between photocatalytic materials and antibiotics oxidation reaction pathways and the toxicity of by-products are needed to be shown with better clarity to transfer the photocatalysis technique from lab to market in a safe way. This review critically analyzes the insights of energetic semiconductor structure lacking to achieve hydroxyl and superoxide radicals mediated antibiotics degradation, recommends new materials design (Z scheme) and standardization in the experimental designs, and also informs the influencing parameters on antibiotic degradation. It further assesses the possibility of recovering value-added chemicals from the photocatalytic treatment process and highlights the importance of environmental toxicity analysis. Overall, this review will be a resourceful guide for interdisciplinary researchers working on advanced photocatalysis and pharmaceutical pollutant treatment for achieving a sustainable ecology and initiating a circular economy in chemical industries.     

Principles and Latest Developments in the Field of Metallic and Nonmetallic Hard Materials

A survey of some fundamental aspects of the theory of hardness is followed by a discussion of recent developments in the field of sintered hard metal alloys. For example, good results have been obtained by the addition of hafnium carbide to hard metals. Niobium carbide can sometimes replace the more expensive tantalum carbide; vanadium carbide can be used to inhibit grain growth, especially in the case of ultrafine carbides. A brief outline is given of the results of investigations on ternary and quaternary systems with the components TiC, HfC, NbC, TaC, and WC. The utilization of sintered nitride and carbonitride hard metals in the field of machining appears feasible. Recently developed high-pressure/high-temperature autoclaves permit work on nitride systems under a high nitrogen pressure. The authors comment on the latest work in the field of non-metallic hard materials and on diamond synthesis.     

Diphosphoryl-functionalized Polyoxometalates: Structurally and Electronically Tunable Hybrid Molecular Materials

Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a new class of hybrid Wells–Dawson polyoxometalate (POM) containing a diphosphoryl group (P₂O₆X) of the general formula [P₂W₁₇O₅₇(P₂O₆X)]⁶⁻ (X=O, NH, or CR¹R²). Modifying the bridging unit X was found to impact the redox potentials of the POM. The ease with which a range of α-functionalized diphosphonic acids (X=CR¹R²) can be prepared provides possibilities to access diverse functionalized hybrid POMs. Compared to existing phosphonate hybrid Wells–Dawson POMs, diphosphoryl-substituted POMs offer a wider tunable redox window and enhanced hydrolytic stability. This study provides a basis for the rational design and synthesis of next-generation hybrid Wells–Dawson POMs.     

Azoheteroarene and Diazocine Molecular Photoswitches: Self-Assembly,Responsive Materials and Photopharmacology

Aromatic units tethered with an azo (−N=N−) functionality comprise a unique class of compounds, known as molecular photoswitches, exhibiting a reversible transformation between their E- and Z-isomers in response to photo-irradiation. Photoswitches have been explored extensively in the recent past to prepare dynamic self-assembled materials, optoelectronic devices, responsive biomaterials, and more. Most of such materials involve azobenzenes as the molecular photoswitch and to date, SciFinder lists more than 7000 articles and 1000 patents. Subsequently, a great deal of effort has been invested to improve the photo-isomerization efficiency and related mesoscopic properties of azobenzenes. Recently, azoheteroarenes and cyclic azobenzenes, such as arylazopyrazoles, arylazoisoxazoles, arylazopyridines, and diazocines, have emerged as second generation molecular photoswitches beyond conventional azobenzenes. These photoswitches offer distinct photoswitching behavior and responsive properties which make them highly promising candidates for multifaceted applications ranging from photoresponsive materials to photopharmacophores. In this minireview, we introduce the structural refinement and photoresponsive properties of azoheteroarenes and diazocines and summarize the state-of-the-art on utilizing these photoswitches as responsive building blocks in supramolecular assembly, material science and photopharmacology, highlighting their versatile photochemical behavior, enhanced functionality, and latest applications.     

二氧化锰与二维材料复合应用于超级电容器

现如今世界正面临着与能源相关的一系列问题与挑战,科学家们致力于研究绿色高性能的能量存储器件以适应当前乃至以后长久可持续创新发展的需要。超级电容器作为一种新型的绿色能源储存装置,具有功率密度大、理论比电容高、充放电速度快、循环寿命长、安全性高、环境友好且经济等优点,为人类解决能源危机提出了可能。电极材料是影响超级电容器性能的重要因素。近些年,由于二氧化锰基超级电容器具有理论比电容高、化学稳定性好、环境友好等特点被广泛研究。同时多种二维材料也继石墨烯后被相继用作超级电容器电极材料,具有二维结构特征材料在提高双电层电容器的能量密度、改善赝电容电容器方面发挥着重要作用。实现高比电容和高倍率性能,将二氧化锰与二维材料复合将不失为一个有前景的选择。本文系统介绍了以石墨烯为代表的各类二维材料与二氧化锰复合物在超级电容器中的应用研究,并聚焦于这些二维材料与二氧化锰复合后所展现的优异电化学性能。     

Synthesis and electrochemical applications of gold nanoparticles

This review covers recent advances in synthesis and electrochemical applications of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Described approaches include the synthesis of AuNPs via designing and choosing new protecting ligands; and applications in electrochemistry of AuNPs including AuNPs-based bioelectrochemical sensors, such as direct electrochemistry of redox-proteins, genosensors and immunosensors, and AuNPs as enhancing platform for electrocatalysis and electrochemical sensors.