Generic finiteness for Dziobek configurations

The goal of this paper is to show that for almost all choices of masses, , there are only finitely many central configurations of the Newtonian -body problem for which the bodies span a space of dimension (such a central configuration is called a Dziobek configuration). The result applies in particular to two-dimensional configurations of four bodies and three-dimensional configurations of five bodies.

     

Central configurations consist of two layer twisted regular polygons

In this paper, we study the existence of a special twisted regular polygonal central configuration in R₃.     

Spatial bi-stacked central configurations formed by two dual regular polyhedra

In this paper we prove the existence of two new families of spatial stacked central configurations, one consisting of eight equal masses on the vertices of a cube and six equal masses on the vertices of a regular octahedron, and the other one consisting of twenty masses at the vertices of a regular dodecahedron and twelve masses at the vertices of a regular icosahedron. The masses on the two different polyhedra are in general different. We note that the cube and the octahedron, the dodecahedron and the icosahedron are dual regular polyhedra. The tetrahedron is itself dual. There are also spatial stacked central configurations formed by two tetrahedra, one and its dual.     

Isolating blocks near the collinear relative equilibria of the three-body problem

The collinear relative equilibrium solutions are among the few explicitly known periodic solutions of the Newtonian three-body problem. When the energy and angular momentum constants are varied slightly, these unstable periodic orbits become normally hyperbolic invariant spheres whose stable and unstable manifolds form separatrices in the integral manifolds. The goal of this paper is to construct simple isolating blocks for these invariant spheres analogous to those introduced by Conley in the restricted three-body problem. This allows continuation of the invariant set and the separatrices to energies and angular momenta far from those of the relative equilibrium.

     

On the central configurations of the planar restricted four-body problem

This article is devoted to answering several questions about the central configurations of the planar (3+1)-body problem. Firstly, we study bifurcations of central configurations, proving the uniqueness of convex central configurations up to symmetry. Secondly, we settle the finiteness problem in the case of two nonzero equal masses. Lastly, we provide all the possibilities for the number of symmetrical central configurations, and discuss their bifurcations and spectral stability. Our proofs are based on applications of rational parametrizations and computer algebra.     

Convex central configurations for the n-body problem

We give a simple proof of a classical result of MacMillan and Bartky (Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 34 (1932) 838) which states that, for any four positive masses and any assigned order, there is a convex planar central configuration. Moreover, we show that the central configurations we find correspond to local minima of the potential function with fixed moment of inertia. This allows us to show that there are at least six local minimum central configurations for the planar four-body problem. We also show that for any assigned order of five masses, there is at least one convex spatial central configuration of local minimum type. Our method also applies to some other cases.     

Assessing the efficiency of rapid transit configurations

Eight basic transit network configurations are analyzed with respect to two measures: passenger/network effectiveness and passenger/plane effectiveness. Assumptions are made with respect to trip distribution and competition with other transportation modes. This research was in part supported by Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council under grant OGP0039682 and by the Junta de Andalucía. This support is gratefully acknowledged.     

The pyramidal configurations of N+1 bodies cannot rotate

For the (N+1)-body problem, we assume that N bodies are at the vertices of a unit regular polygon and the (N+1)st body is along the vertical line normal to the plane formed by the former N bodies. If N bodies rotate at the unit circle and the (N+1)st body oscillates along the vertical line of the plane formed by the former N bodies and passing through the geometrical center, then we prove that the (N+1)st body must locate at the geometrical center of unit regular polygon.     

一类由正四面体和正八面体组成的共轭套中心构型

A new case configuration in R3,the conjugate-nest consisted of one regular tetrahedron and one regular octahedron is discussed.If the configuration is a central configuration,then all masses of outside layer are equivalent,the masses of inside layer are also equivalent.At the same time the following relation between p(r=√3/3ρ is the radius ratio of the sizes)and mass ratio r=～m/m must be satisfied r=-m/m=ρ(ρ+3)(3+2ρ+ρ2)-3/2+ρ(-ρ+3)(3-2ρ+ρ2)-3/2-4.2-3/2ρ-2-4-1ρ-2/2(1+ρ)(3+2ρ+ρ2)-3/2+2(ρ-1)(3-2ρ+ρ2)-3/2-4(2√2)-3ρ,and for any mass ratio T,when mass ratio T is in the open interval(0,0.03871633950…),there exist three central configuration solutions(the initial configuration conditions who imply hamagraphic solutions)corresponding radius ratios are r1,r2,and r3,two of them in the interval(2.639300779…,+∞)and one is in the interval(0.7379549890…,1.490942703…).when mass ratio T is in the open interval(130.8164950…,+∞),in the same way there have three corresponding radius ratios,two of them in the interval(0,0.4211584789…)and one is in the interval(0.7379549890…,1.490942703…).When mass ratio T is in the open interval(0.03871633950…,130.8164950…),there has only one solution T in the interval (0.7379549890…,1.490942703…).     

On the topology of nested set complexes

Nested set complexes appear as the combinatorial core of De Concini-Procesi arrangement models. We show that nested set complexes are homotopy equivalent to the order complexes of the underlying meet-semilattices without their minimal elements. For atomic semilattices, we consider the realization of nested set complexes by simplicial fans proposed by the first author and Yuzvinsky and we strengthen our previous result showing that in this case nested set complexes in fact are homeomorphic to the mentioned order complexes.

     

The non-Markovian nature of nested logit choice

Discrete choice models are widely used for understanding how customers choose between a variety of substitutable goods. We investigate the relationship between two well studied choice models, the Nested Logit (NL) model and the Markov choice model. Both models generalize the classic Multinomial Logit model and admit tractable algorithms for assortment optimization. Previous evidence indicates that the NL model may be well approximated by, or be a special case of, the Markov model. We establish that the Nested Logit model, in general, cannot be represented by a Markov model. Further, we show that there exists a family of instances of the NL model where the choice probabilities cannot be approximated to within a constant error by any Markov choice model.     

Optimization of nested polygons

The optimization problem under consideration requires to find the largest regular polygon withk sides to be fitted into a regular polygon withk – 1 sides. If the sequence of these maximal polygons is started with an equilateral triangle, then the final nested polygon, a circle, possesses a radiusr=0.3414r ₃, wherer ₃ is the radius of the inscribed circle of the equilateral triangle. Lower bounds for the ratior/r ₃ are also obtained.     

Ribbon tableaux, ribbon rigged configurations and Hall-Littlewood functions at roots of unity

Hall-Littlewood functions indexed by rectangular partitions, specialized at primitive roots of unity, can be expressed as plethysms. We propose a combinatorial proof of this formula using Schilling's bijection between ribbon tableaux and ribbon rigged configurations.     

Lifting constructions of strongly regular Cayley graphs

We give two “lifting” constructions of strongly regular Cayley graphs. In the first construction we “lift” a cyclotomic strongly regular graph by using a subdifference set of the Singer difference sets. The second construction uses quadratic forms over finite fields and it is a common generalization of the construction of the affine polar graphs [7] and a construction of strongly regular Cayley graphs given in [15]. The two constructions are related in the following way: the second construction can be viewed as a recursive construction, and the strongly regular Cayley graphs obtained from the first construction can serve as starters for the second construction. We also obtain association schemes from the second construction.     

The representations of nested composition algebras

In this paper, we investigate the basis graph of the monoid algebra of a submonoid of the monoid of mappings from N = {1,…,n} to itself, defined by a nested sequence of compositions of N. Each such monoid is a left regular band (LRB), that is, a semigroup S satisfying x² = x and xyx = xy for all x,y∈S. This class is su?ciently rich that every path algebra of an acyclic quiver can be embedded in such a monoid algebra. The multiplication in the monoid algebra has a particularly simple quasi-multiplicative form, allowing definition over the integers. Combining this with a formula for Ext-groups for LRBs due to Margolis et al. [6 Margolis, S., Saliola, F., Steinberg, B. (2015). Combinatorial topology and the global dimension of algebras arising in combinatorics. J. Eur. Math Soc. 17(12):3037–3080.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]], we get a simple criterion for the nested composition algebras to be hereditary.     

Special subgroups of regular semigroups

Extending the notions of inverse transversal and associate subgroup, we consider a regular semigroup S with the property that there exists a subsemigroup T which contains, for each x∈S, a unique y such that both xy and yx are idempotent. Such a subsemigroup is necessarily a group which we call a special subgroup. Here, we investigate regular semigroups with this property. In particular, we determine when the subset of perfect elements is a subsemigroup and describe its structure in naturally arising situations.