微波化学

本文从微波的概念、微波的产生、传输及其加热原理和主要特点出发，简单介绍微波技术在化学中的应用。     

微波辅助组合合成的研究进展

微波辅助组合合成技术是近年来发展起来的一种新的制备化合物库的组合化学技术, 它不仅可以克服传统固相组合合成技术以及液相组合合成技术无法提高产物收率的不足, 而且利用该技术所制得的化合物库中对应的是高纯度的单一化合物, 采用高通量筛选技术可以快速直接地确定高活性结构, 极大地提高了新药开发的效率. 主要就近年来微波辅助组合合成技术的研究进展情况进行介绍, 内容包括固相组合合成、基于聚合物支载的催化剂的组合合成、液相组合合成、氟相组合合成以及组合平行合成等.     

微波化学

本文从微波的概念、微波的产生、传输及其加热原理和主要特点出发 ,简单介绍微波技术在化学中的应用     

微波化学

本文从微波的概念、微波的产生、传输及其加热原理和主要特点出发,简单介绍微波技术在化学中的应用.     

微波化学温度模拟研究进展

在微波化学研究中,通过数学模拟分析微波作用在化学体系的温度分布及变化,有助于控制微波加热过程,了解微波与物质之间的相互作用机理.本文针对微波化学数值模拟的特点,系统介绍了各种方法及模拟过程,对数值模拟分析中的关键问题进行了讨论,综述了近年来数值模拟温度分布在微波化学中的应用,提出了目前的研究难点,并展望了发展趋势.     

微波促进的点击化学

自2001年Sharpless等提出点击化学概念以来,Cu(I)催化的炔与叠氮之间的1,3-偶极环加成反应(Cue-AAC)已经成为点击化学最成功的范例.Cue-AAC反应由于其良好的立体选择性、模块性以及官能团耐受性等特点迅速成为许多研究领域,例如药物化学、材料科学等领域中的有力工具.同时,微波加热作为一种高效、绿色合成技术已越来越受到人们的重视,相对于传统加热方式,它能大幅缩短反应时间,提高产率和纯度.综述了近十年来利用微波加热与点击化学相结合的策略在合成生物大分子及小分子化合物库中的应用,并对其发展前景作了展望.     

微波化学

微波通常是指频率大约 3× 1 0 8～ 3× 1 0 11Ｈｚ(波长 1ｍ到 1ｍｍ)的电磁波。现在 ,微波技术已广泛应用于包括化学在内的许多领域 ,微波化学就是研究微波在化学中应用的一门交叉学科。在我国 ,已出版了有关微波化学的专著[1] ,专门会议也已开了 3届。1　微波与物质的相互作用　　微波作为一种电磁波 ,其与物质的相互作用和一般电磁波有共同之处 ,也可以发生反射、吸收等。在这里我们主要讨论微波能被物质吸收的作用。这种吸收从作用机理上讲可分为 2类 ,一类是吸收微波能引起分子内部能级变化 ,主要是转动能级变化的情况 ,这一类可用量…     

有机微波化学研究进展

本文综述了近几年来微波技术在有机合成方面的研究和应用进展。初步探讨了微波催化有机反应的作用机理, 并展望了有机微波化学的发展前景。     

微波辅助萃取应用研究进展

近年来关于微波辅助萃取(MAE)与其他各种样品前处理技术的结合使用,以及与多种检测技术在线联用的研究越来越多,此外离子液体等新型绿色溶剂作为萃取剂在MAE中的应用也开始得到广泛关注.本文综述了近几年微波辅助萃取在环境、天然产物提取、食品和药物分析领域的应用情况,并对其将来的发展进行了展望.     

微波辅助水解反应的研究进展

相比于传统的加热方式,微波加热最大的优点是缩短了反应时间,提高了反应收率和选择性.本文简介了微波加热的特点、原理和促进反应的机理.重点总结了微波加热在有机水解反应中的研究进展,并展望了微波的工业化前景.     

微波技术在组合化学合成反应中的应用研究进展

本文综述了微波技术在组合化学的无溶剂平行合成反应、固相合成反应和液相合成反应中的应用，并根据研究的结果，提出微波技术在组合化学中进一步应用的前景。参考文献27篇。     

The microwave-to-flow paradigm: translating high-temperature batch microwave chemistry to scalable continuous-flow processes

The popularity of dedicated microwave reactors in many academic and industrial laboratories has produced a plethora of synthetic protocols that are based on this enabling technology. In the majority of examples, transformations that require several hours when performed using conventional heating under reflux conditions reach completion in a few minutes or even seconds in sealed-vessel, autoclave-type, microwave reactors. However, one severe drawback of microwave chemistry is the difficulty in scaling this technology to a production-scale level. This Concept article demonstrates that this limitation can be overcome by translating batch microwave chemistry to scalable continuous-flow processes. For this purpose, conventionally heated micro- or mesofluidic flow devices fitted with a back-pressure regulator are employed, in which the high temperatures and pressures attainable in a sealed-vessel microwave chemistry batch experiment can be mimicked.     

微波有机合成反应的新进展

综述了近来微波辐射技术在有机合成应用中的新进展。着重介绍了微波有机合 成反应技术及其在重要有机合成反应中的应用。     

Greening the organic chemistry laboratory: a comparison of microwave-assisted and classical nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions

ABSTRACT

An experiment is described for the undergraduate organic chemistry lab which compares microwave-induced organic reaction enhancement (MORE) to that of more traditional synthetic procedures. MORE and traditional reflux procedures for substituting thiocyanate, ethylamine and diethylamine nucleophiles for bromide in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions on 1-bromo-2,4-dinitrobenzene are given. Recrystallization affords products of sufficient purity for characterization by ¹³C NMR, mass spectrometry and melting point. As students compare the two synthetic methods, MORE procedures are consistently observed to be quicker, easier, greener and result in higher yields. Student instructions, instructor notes and example NMR and mass spectra obtained by students are provided in Supplemental material.     

Microwave chemistry: Synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides using microwave radiation

Pyrimidine and purine nucleosides have a remarkable and comprehensive impact on medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical industries. They become key parts of the growing interdisciplinary area of antimetabolites. The paramount importance of the nucleoside analogs triggered their broader use in treatment of critical diseases such as cancer, malignancies, microbial infection, and autoimmune diseases. Recent advances in their synthetic strategies through microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) have been reviewed.     

Nitroxides: applications in synthesis and in polymer chemistry

This Review describes the application of nitroxides to synthesis and polymer chemistry. The synthesis and physical properties of nitroxides are discussed first. The largest section focuses on their application as stoichiometric and catalytic oxidants in organic synthesis. The oxidation of alcohols and carbanions, as well as oxidative C-C bond-forming reactions are presented along with other typical oxidative transformations. A section is also dedicated to the extensive use of nitroxides as trapping reagents for C-centered radicals in radical chemistry. Alkoxyamines derived from nitroxides are shown to be highly useful precursors of C-centered radicals in synthesis and also in polymer chemistry. The last section discusses the basics of nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMP) and also highlights new developments in the synthesis of complex polymer architectures.     

Reactions of hydrogen peroxide vapor dissociated in a microwave plasma

Analysis of the plasma emission from a low-pressure microwave cavity discharge through flowing hydrogen peroxide vapor showed that both H and OH were produced in proportions which varied with the applied power. When the dissociated vapor was condensed at 195 K only water was obtained; at 77 K, H₂O₂ and H₂O₄ were also obtained. Their formation could not be increased by increasing the H atom or OH radical concentration in the plasma. When the reaction time of the dissociated vapor between the plasma exit and the cold surface was increased, the rate of H₂O₂ formation increased mostly at the expense of water formation. It appears that, as in the case of the reaction of H with O₂, the rate of H₂O₂ formation is dependent on the concentration of O₂ produced in the spatial afterglow by the gas-phase reactions of the hydroxyl radicals.     

微波助离子液体中锌和氮共掺杂TiO2催化剂的制备及微波强化光催化氧化活性

在1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐（[Bmim]PF6）离子液体介质中,采用微波干燥的方法制备了锌和氮共掺杂的TiO2催化剂TiO2-Zn-N,分别采用IR、XRD、SEM、BET对催化剂结构进行了测试和表征。室温条件下,以甲基橙和苯酚溶液为模拟污染物,在微波超声波组合催化合成仪中,分别利用微波辐射（MW）、紫外光照（UV）、微波辐射-紫外光照（MW-UV）和太阳光照射（SL）等降解方式,着重考察了制备条件对TiO2-Zn-N光催化活性的影响。结果表明,在离子液体用量为5.6 mL、Zn掺杂量n(Zn)/n(Ti)=0.015:1、N掺杂量n(N)/n(Ti)=4:1、微波干燥功率350 W、微波干燥时间20 min、煅烧温度700 ℃、煅烧时间2 h的条件下所制得的TiO2-Zn-N催化剂具有较高的光催化活性;在MW、UV、MW-UV和SL四种降解条件下,TiO2-Zn-N对甲基橙的降解率分别为29.6%、95.4%、99.2%和79.2%;并且在前三种降解条件下,甲基橙降解率始终是：MW-UV> UV> MW。这表明在紫外光照条件下,微波辅射具有强化催化剂降解甲基橙的作用。