冲击磁铁回路电感对传输线放电的影响

 分析了脉冲调制器产生短脉冲时冲击磁铁回路电感对脉冲前后沿和宽度不可忽略的影响，从理论上导出了冲击磁铁回路电感与脉冲前后沿的关系，给出并分析了几组实验结果，提出了采用屏蔽结构和适当增加阻抗等两种可行的减小脉冲前沿的方案。     

冲击磁铁回路电感对传输线放电的影响

分析了脉冲调制器产生短脉冲时冲击磁铁回路电感对脉冲前后沿和宽度不可忽略的影响，从理论上导出了冲击磁铁回路电感与脉冲前后沿的关系，给出并分析了几组实验结果，提出了采用屏蔽结构和适当增加阻抗等两种可行的减小脉冲前沿的方案。     

负载配置对进入射频管热丝脉冲能量的影响

大功率高压脉冲变压器次级双绕组灯丝馈电时，两绕组平衡不良及负载不对称配置可能引起脉冲能量严重进入射频管热丝，影响进入热丝脉冲能量的因素有负载配置方式，两绕组平衡程度，脉冲宽度及幅度，平衡电容的大小，等效灯丝阻抗及脉冲变压器本身的有关参数等，其中主要因素为负载配置方式。定量分析表明：负载对称配置具有明显的优越性；     

土壤含盐量与电导率的高光谱反演精度对比研究

探明土壤盐渍化的高光谱遥感监测机理,对改善高光谱遥感监测精度具有重要意义。以南疆地区温宿县、和田县、拜城县的水稻土为研究对象,通过分析土样的高光谱数据和室内测定的盐分与电导率数据,研究了耕作土壤含盐量与电导率的关系,并比较了含盐量和电导率与不同光谱指标的相关性以及二者高光谱反演的精度。结果表明,南疆水稻土的含盐量与电导率的相关性较低,二者之间的关系因地区差异而有较大的变化;含盐量与反射率、一阶微分、连续统去除之间的相关性要优于电导率,特别在一些土壤盐渍化的敏感波段尤为突出;以含盐量建立的多元线性回归、主成分回归、偏最小二乘回归模型的决定系数和相对分析误差均高于电导率。研究表明高光谱信息对土壤含盐量的响应比电导率更敏感,以含盐量为监测指标的高光谱反演精度明显要优于电导率。该结果可为提高土壤盐渍化高光谱遥感监测精度提供理论依据。     

低阻抗二极管产生的强流电子束能谱分布的数值模拟

 给出了低阻抗二极管产生的电子束能谱分布及外加磁场对二极管阻抗影响的数值模拟研究结果。结果表明，即使在外加电压恒定的条件下，二极管产生的电子束也具有一定的能谱分布，这说明用二极管电压、电流波形计算脉冲电子束能谱分布是不正确的。另外,外加磁场对低阻抗二极管的阻抗特性具有较大影响，其阻抗随外加磁场的增大而减小。分析认为这是由于外加磁场强度的变化改变了二极管中束电子的运动轨迹。当没有外加磁场或外加磁场较小时，低阻抗二极管产生的电子束发生自箍缩，此时二极管电流是自箍缩饱和顺位流；当外加磁场足够强时，电子束的自箍缩被抑制，二极管电流是没有箍缩时的空间电荷限制电流。束电流小于自箍缩临界电流的二极管其阻抗将不随外加磁场的变化而变化。     

浅谈“接地”

“接地”——是一个很重要的概念．电类专业后续课程中，经常涉及．而一般教材又缺少必要的解释．本文拟对接地的含义作简单的介绍．１真正的接地从电网、设备运行或人身安全需要着眼，人为地把设备某部分与土壤间作良好的电气连接，称为接地．埋入地中并直接与大地接触的...     

螺旋线型脉冲形成线匝间击穿与输出波形的研究

 针对螺旋线型脉冲形成线放电过程的匝间击穿问题，采用数值模拟的方法研究了影响螺旋线上轴向电场的因素，模拟结果表明：螺旋线的螺旋角越大、开关的上升沿越小、负载的阻值越小则越容易造成匝间击穿；针对输出波形的前沿上冲和下凹问题，通过数值模拟和实验方法研究了加速器内阻抗不匹配段对输出波形的影响，结果表明: 改变螺旋线与开关之间连接段的阻抗以及开关和二极管之间过渡段的阻抗，使之接近于螺旋线阻抗，并使电长度减小，可以消除波形的前沿上冲和下凹，得到近似方波的高电压脉冲输出。     

泡沫增强复合材料点阵夹芯梁抗冲击性能

基于考虑分层失效和渐进损伤的三维Hashin失效准则,对复合材料点阵夹芯梁结构及其泡沫增强夹芯结构开展了局部冲击加载下的数值模拟分析,研究了冲击强度及泡沫增强效应对复合材料点阵夹芯梁结构抗冲击性能的影响。通过与实验的对比分析,验证了数值模型的有效性。结果显示,冲击强度的变化对结构的动态响应、失效模式及能量耗散形式都有明显的影响。泡沫增强效应使结构的横向变形响应速度降低,并且随着冲击强度的增加尤为敏感。泡沫芯材的压缩和开裂失效使得结构保持良好的完整性和更低的损伤程度,有效地降低了其他组分的能量吸收比,表明泡沫填充有效地提升了复合材料点阵梁结构在局部冲击载荷作用下的防护效能。     

三维磁共振电阻抗成像的改进分层灵敏度算法

针对人体组织电导率的三维成像问题,提出一种改进的分层灵敏度磁共振电阻抗重建算法.利用单方向磁感应强度信息,对三维电导率图像实行分层重建,每层重建仅利用该层磁通密度分量测量数据,然后对单层重建结果进行修正以获得三维电导率重建图像.三介质长方体模型上的仿真实验证明,改进的分层重建算法改善了层间串扰现象,可以获得比一般分层算法甚至整体算法更高的图像分辨率,而且重建时间较整体算法显著减少;基于人体腿模型的仿真实验表明该算法对复杂模型三维重构的可行性;最后通过仿体实验验证算法的重建效果.改进的分层灵敏度重建算法降低了灵敏度矩阵法的计算机硬件需求,减少了重建时间,对MREIT的三维重建具有较高的成像精度和求解效率.     

100kV低阻抗非均匀集中参数Blumlein脉冲形成网络的研制

 从工程实用角度出发，针对高压、高变比、低阻抗工作的脉冲变压器具有漏感大的特点，提出了要采用低阻抗集中参数非均匀电容脉冲形成网络的设计方法。采用传统设计和计算机模拟相结合，设计出了电压100kV，阻抗1.4Ω的6级集中参数 Blumlein型非均匀电容脉冲形成网络，缩短了输出脉冲前后沿，改善了脉冲波形，并成功地用于正在研制的500kV长脉冲加速器中。     

An improved model for soil ionization around grounding system and its application to stratified soil

An improved model for taking into account the effect of the soil ionization around grounding system under lightning strike is proposed in this paper. In this model, the soil ionization region is assumed to retain 7% of its pre-ionization resistivity, which is consistent with the experimental results on soil ionization found in literature (Trans. SA Inst. Electr. Eng. (1988) 63; AIEE Trans. 61 (1942) 349; Proc. IEE 121(2) (1974) 123) and our own laboratory experiments (Time domain modelling of the response of grounding systems subjected to lightning currents, Licenciate Thesis, Uppsala University, 2003). Compared with modelling the soil ionization as an increase in the size of the ground conductor, the model presented here will not overestimate the beneficial influence of the soil ionization in reducing the ground potential rise, especially in high resistivity soil. The model is also applied to study the transient behaviour of grounding conductors in stratified soil under lightning strike including soil ionization. It shows that making the grounding conductor to penetrate the lower resistivity soil layer could help to decrease the ground potential rise at the injection point several times.     

An analysis on the Frequency-dependent grounding impedance based on the ground current dissipation of counterpoises in the two-layered soils

Because of the increased usage of power conversion equipment and their susceptibility to lightning strikes, high frequency fault currents flowing through grounding systems are increased. As grounding systems change from individual groundings to common or integrated groundings, the improved performance of grounding systems against high frequency fault currents is urgently required. When regarding the common or integrated grounding systems, most of them are required to satisfy the ground resistance defined by standards or regulations. The grounding system performance against high frequency fault currents is defined by the grounding impedance. A number of studies have reported that grounding system performance is reduced due to the increase of the grounding impedance with increasing of the frequency of fault currents. In this paper, in order to investigate the characteristics of the frequency-dependent grounding impedances of counterpoises installed in the two-layered soils, the ground current dissipation rates in each 10 m section of the counterpoises were measured and analyzed as functions of the length of grounding electrodes and the current injection point. As a result, most of the ground currents above the frequency of 100 kHz are dissipated into the earth near the current injection point and the high frequency grounding impedance of long counterpoises is converged into that of short counterpoises. The high frequency grounding impedance measured at the low soil-resistivity end of the counterpoise buried in the two-layered soils is much lower than that measured at the high soil-resistivity end.     

非均匀背景中任意柱状热斗篷的研究与设计

在变换热力学的基础上,通过坐标变换的方法严格推导出在层状背景和渐变背景下二维任意形状热斗篷导热系数的通解表达式,并在此基础上设计出非均匀背景下二维非共形热斗篷.全波仿真结果表明:在不同背景下,热流均能绕过保护区域流出,保护区域的温度保持不变,而且热斗篷外的温度场并没有破坏,具有很好的热保护和热隐身的效果.这一方法考虑到背景的复杂性,更加贴近工程实际应用,为未来灵活控制热流传递提供了一种可行的方法,对目标热隐身和热保护具有重要借鉴意义.     

雷电在水平导体中产生感应电压的观测及数值模拟研究

对自然雷电的9次回击过程在水平导体上产生的感应电压特征进行了分析,并利用数值模拟分析了各种参量对感应电压的影响.自然雷电9次回击在导体上产生的感应电压的变化范围为4.6—18.6 kV,平均值为11.2 kV.感应电压的半峰值宽度和下降时间的几何平均值分别为0.87和2.9 μs.数值模拟结果表明,回击在导体两端产生的感应电压随回击速度的增加而增大,随导体高度的增加而增大.当导体两端的接地电阻匹配时,感应电压随电阻的增加而增大,但并不满足线性关系.当导体两端的接地电阻不匹配时,高电阻端的感应电压远大于低电 关键词： 感应电压 自然雷电 数值模拟     

贯通导体及其电路对金属腔体内部电磁场的影响

为研究贯通导体及其负载电路对金属腔体内部电磁场的影响,建立了不同贯通导体端接负载模型,使用电磁仿真软件CST进行仿真,利用GTEM室、矢量网络分析仪、功率放大器、ETS电场探头组建实验测试系统,验证了仿真结果的正确性,揭示了贯通导体及其电路对金属腔体内部电磁场的影响规律。研究结果表明:腔体内部电磁场同时受到贯通导体与腔体谐振的影响,在谐振频点干扰场强取得极大值,屏蔽效能取得极小值甚至为负值。贯通导体端接负载不接地与贯通导体两端开路情形相似,贯通导体端接负载直接接地时内部场显著降低,谐振频点降低,贯通导体端接负载浮点接地时内部场变化规律低频时与开路模型相似,高频时与直接接地模型相似。贯通导体端接负载的电阻值、电容值也会影响腔体的内部场。     

Dual material insulator SOI-LDMOSFET: A novel device for self-heating effect improvement

The silicon-on-insulator (SOI) power devices show good electrical performance but they suffer from inherent self-heating effect (SHE), which limits their operation at high current levels. The SHE effect is because of low thermal conductivity of the buried oxide layer. In this paper we propose a novel silicon on insulator lateral double diffused MOSFET (SOI-LDMOSFET) where the buried insulator layer under the active region consists of two materials in order to decrease the SHE. The proposed structure is called dual material buried insulator SOI-LDMOSFET (DM-SOI). Using two-dimensional and two-carrier device simulation, we demonstrate that the heat dissipation and the SHE can be improved in a conventional SOI-LDMOSFET by replacement of the buried oxide with dual material buried insulator (silicon nitride and silicon oxide) beneath the active region. The heat generated in the active silicon layer can be flowed through the buried silicon nitride layer to the silicon substrate easily due to high thermal conductivity of silicon nitride. Furthermore, the channel temperature is reduced, negative drain current slope is mitigated and electron and hole mobility is increased during high-temperature operation. The simulated results show that silicon nitride is a suitable alternative to silicon dioxide as a buried insulator in SOI structures, and has better performance in high temperature.     

Skin electric explosion in double-layer conductors with a low-conductivity deposited layer

The experiments on explosion of cylindrical conductors aimed at comparison of plasma formation during skin explosion of homogeneous and double-layer conductors with an external layer with a lower conductivity are carried out on a high-current MIG generator (current amplitude up to 2.5 MA and current rise time 100 ns). The generator is loaded with cylindrical copper conductors with a diameter of 3 mm on the cathode part of which a titanium layer of thickness 20, 50, and 80 μm is deposited in vacuum. This type of loading makes it possible to compare the behaviors of the homogeneous and double-layer conductors in identical conditions. It is shown that using the double-layer structure of the conductor with an external layer of thickness 20–80 μm with a lower conductivity, which is obtained by vacuum arc deposition, higher values of magnetic induction (as compared to homogeneous conductor) can be attained on its surface prior to plasma formation and spread.     

地埋管换热特性实验研究

使用恒温循环媒介,利用热平衡原理,建立了单U型管模拟实验装置,对埋管与岩土间的热传递进行了实验。实验表明,在距埋管较近的范围内,岩土层有较快的温度相应速率,而在较远的范围内,岩土层的温度相应速率较慢。通过埋管换热器传热性能实验,利用线热源模型得到了实验岩土的热导率。     

Anomalous layer thickness dependent thermal conductivity of Td-WTe2 through first-principles calculation

The thickness dependent in-plane thermal conductivity of layered Tungsten ditelluride (WTe₂) is investigated by first-principles calculation. With the layer number increasing from one to infinite, the thermal conductivity displays a decrease to increase trend. The underlying mechanism is attributed to the change of the phonon dispersion relations. As the layer number increases, optical phonon branches shift downward, which provide more channels for the Umklapp scattering, and result in the decrease of the thermal conductivity. Furthering increasing the layer number makes those low-frequency optical phonon branches having high group velocity and leads to the increase of the lattice thermal conductivity.     

Quantitative evaluation of ultrasonic C-scan image in acoustically homogeneous and layered anisotropic materials using three dimensional ray tracing method

Quantitative evaluation of ultrasonic C-scan images in homogeneous and layered anisotropic austenitic materials is of general importance for understanding the influence of anisotropy on wave fields during ultrasonic non-destructive testing and evaluation of these materials. In this contribution, a three dimensional ray tracing method is presented for evaluating ultrasonic C-scan images quantitatively in general homogeneous and layered anisotropic austenitic materials. The directivity of the ultrasonic ray source in general homogeneous columnar grained anisotropic austenitic steel material (including layback orientation) is obtained in three dimensions based on Lamb’s reciprocity theorem. As a prerequisite for ray tracing model, the problem of ultrasonic ray energy reflection and transmission coefficients at an interface between (a) isotropic base material and anisotropic austenitic weld material (including layback orientation), (b) two adjacent anisotropic weld metals and (c) anisotropic weld metal and isotropic base material is solved in three dimensions. The influence of columnar grain orientation and layback orientation on ultrasonic C-scan image is quantitatively analyzed in the context of ultrasonic testing of homogeneous and layered austenitic steel materials. The presented quantitative results provide valuable information during ultrasonic characterization of homogeneous and layered anisotropic austenitic steel materials.