吡啶与HCl和CHCl3形成分子间红移氢键和蓝移氢键的理论研究

采用量子化学从头算的MP2方法, 分别在6-31G(d,p), 6-311+G(d,p)和AUG-cc-pVDZ基组下, 研究了复合物C5H5N…HCl(1), C5H5N…HCCl3(2)和C5H5N…HCCl3(3)的分子间氢键. 计算结果表明, 在复合物1中, HCl中Cl—H键伸长, 形成Cl—H…N红移氢键; 在复合物2中, HCCl3中C—H键伸长, 形成C—H…N 红移氢键; 在复合物3中, HCCl3中C—H键收缩, 形成C—H…π蓝移氢键. 自然键轨道(NBO)分析表明, 影响氢键红移和氢键蓝移主要有3个因素: n(Y)→σ*(X—H)超共轭作用、X—H键轨道再杂化和质子供体电子密度重排. 其中, 超共轭作用属于键伸长效应, 电子密度重排和轨道再杂化属于键收缩效应. 在复合物1和2中, 由于键伸长效应处于优势地位导致形成红移氢键; 在复合物3中, 由于键收缩效应处于优势地位导致形成蓝移氢键.     

乙醛二聚体内蓝移型氢键的理论研究

利用理论方法研究了乙醛二聚体内的氢键. 在MP2/6-31＋G(d), B3LYP/6-31＋G(d), B3LYP/6-311＋＋G(d,p)和B3LYP/6-311＋＋G(3df,2p)水平上, 利用常规方法和均衡校正方法对3种稳定的乙醛二聚体进行了几何优化和振动频率计算. 计算结果表明: 在二聚体A和C中乙醛中C—H键强烈收缩, 存在显著的C—H…O蓝移型氢键. 自然键轨道(NBO)分析表明, 电子供体轨道和电子受体轨道之间相互作用的稳定化能、分子内电子密度重排、轨道再杂化和结构重组是决定氢键红移和蓝移的主要因素. 其中, 轨道间稳定化能属于键伸长效应, 分子内电子密度重排、轨道再杂化和电子受体内部结构重组属于键收缩效应. 在二聚体A和C中, 由于键收缩效应处于优势地位导致C—H…O蓝移氢键存在.     

HNO与（HF）1≤n≤3分子间的蓝移与红移氢键

运用量子化学从头算方法研究了HNO与分子簇(HF)1≤n≤3形成的蓝移与红移氢键.在这些体系中,F…H-N都是蓝移氢键,重极化与重杂化和分子内超共轭导敛了氰键的蓝移;所有的X…H-F(X=O,N,F)氢键都是红移的,分子问超共轭导致了氢键的红移.在多分子体系形成的氢键链中,分子问超共轭作用呈现规律性递变,它导致了氢键强度与频率位移的规律性变化,电子密度拓扑分析结果反映和支持了这种规律性变化.     

N-H…O红移氢键和蓝移氢键的理论研究

用理论方法研究了复合物HCHO…HNO, HCOOH…HNO, HCHO…NH₃, HCOOH…NH₃, HCHO…NH₂F和HCOOH…NH₂F分子间氢键. 在MP2/6-31+G(d,p), MP2/6-311++G(d,p), B3LYP/ 6-31+G(d,p)和B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)水平上, 利用标准方法和均衡校正方法对6种复合物进行了几何优化和振动频率计算. 计算结果表明: 在复合物HCHO…HNO和HCOOH…HNO中, HNO中N—H键强烈收缩, 存在显著的N—H…O蓝移氢键. 在复合物HCHO…NH₃, HCOOH…NH₃, HCHO…NH₂F和HCOOH…NH₂F中, NH3和NH₂F中N—H键伸长, 存在N—H…O红移氢键. 利用自然键轨道(NBO)分析表明, 电子供体轨道和电子受体轨道之间相互作用的稳定化能、电子密度重排、轨道再杂化和结构重组是决定氢键红移和蓝移的主要因素. 其中, 轨道间稳定化能属于键伸长效应, 电子密度重排、轨道再杂化和结构重组属于键收缩效应. 在复合物HCHO…HNO和HCOOH…HNO中, 由于键收缩效应处于优势地位导致N—H…O蓝移氢键存在. 在复合物HCHO…NH₃, HCOOH…NH₃, HCHO…NH₂F和HCOOH…NH₂F中, 键伸长效应居于主导地位,N—H…O红移氢键出现.     

吡咯与HCl和CHCl3分子间Cl(C)-H…π型氢键的理论研究

运用量子化学从头算(ab initio)方法,采用6-31G(d,p)基组对吡咯和HCl单体进行优化,结果表明MP2／6-31G(d,p)计算结果与实验结果较吻合．然后采用MP2／6-31G(d,p)方法对吡咯-HCl体系以及吡咯-CHCl3体系的分子间Cl(C)-H…π型氢键进行了理论研究,并在MP2／aug-cc-pVDZ水平计算了氢键作用能．研究表明,吡咯与HCl分子和CHCl3之间形成了Cl(C)-H…π型氢键,吡咯与HCl分子的氢键相互作用使HCl中H-Cl键长增加,振动频率减小了149cm^-1(红移);而吡咯与CHCl3之间的相互作用使CHCl3中的C-H键长减小,振动频率增加了33cm^-1(蓝移)．利用自然键轨道(NBO)分析表明电荷发生转移,吡咯-HCl体系中HCl得到0．0155e;吡咯-CHCl3体系中CHCl3得到0．0098e．     

三氯环硼氮烷和聚硼氮烷的合成与表征

以三氯化硼和氯化铵为原料,甲苯为溶剂,高产率(98%)地合成了具有硼和氮的六元环结构的三氯环硼氮烷(1);1分别与正丙胺(Ⅰ)和异丙胺(Ⅱ)反应制得正丙胺基环硼氮烷(1~Ⅰ)和异丙胺基环硼氮烷(1~Ⅱ);1~Ⅰ和1~Ⅱ经过脱胺和热聚合反应制得聚硼氮烷先驱体(2和3).用IR,NMR和XRD等对2和3的组成与结构进行了分析,探讨了聚硼氮烷的胺基取代基对聚硼氮烷聚合反应性及产物结构的影响.研究结果表明,3具有更强的热聚合特性.     

NH3BH3的双接触蓝移双氢键的理论研究

运用量子化学从头算方法研究了NH3BH3与含大的分子内超共轭的质子给体CHF3, H2CO, HCOOH, HCOCl和HNO形成的双接触弯曲双氢键B—H2…H—X(X＝C, N)的分子结构、电子密度拓扑性质与频率位移特征. 计算结果表明, 在所有体系中, 由于双氢键的形成, B—H键拉长且伸缩振动频率红移, 而X—H键长减小且伸缩频率蓝移. 弯曲的双接触构型导致分子间超共轭减小、X—H键的大的正重极化与正重杂化以及分子内超共轭减小三个因素导致了X—H键蓝移; B—H键红移的主要原因是B—H键的负的重极化与负的重杂化.     

HNO与(HF)1≤n≤3分子间的蓝移与红移氢键

运用量子化学从头算方法研究了HNO与分子簇(HF)1≤n≤移氢键, 重极化与重杂化和分子内超共轭导致了氢键的蓝移; 所有的X…H—F(X=O, N, F)氢键都是红移的, 分子间超共轭导致了氢键的红移. 在多分子体系形成的氢键链中, 分子间超共轭作用呈现规律性递变, 它导致了氢键强度与频率位移的规律性变化, 电子密度拓扑分析结果反映和支持了这种规律性变化.     

呋喃与HCl和CHCl3构成的分子间氢键的理论研究

量子化学从头算方法MP2研究了呋喃-HCl体系和呋喃-CHCl₃体系的分子间氢键的本质. 主要研究了这两个体系中新的氢键类型C(Cl)—H…O和C(Cl)—H…π的相互作用. 研究表明, 氯仿与呋喃分子之间的相互作用使氯仿中C—H键长缩短, 振动频率增大(蓝移), 而HCl与呋喃分子之间的相互作用使H—Cl键长增长, 振动频率减小(红移). 利用自然键轨道(NBO)分析表明电荷从质子受体转移到C—H反键轨道和Cl原子的孤对电子轨道上.     

六元环硼氮烷对称取代方酸的电子光谱和非线性光学性质的DFT研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论B3LYP方法,在6-31G(d)水平上对环硼氮烷和苯基对称取代方酸进行几何构型优化.以此为基础,利用TD-DFT方法得到方酸衍生物的UV-Vis吸收光谱.进一步引入外电场,用有限场(FF/DFT-B3LYP)方法探讨了各体系的三阶非线性光学性质(NLO).计算结果显示,对称环硼氮烷取代的方酸衍生物性质不同于苯环取代,取代位置对电荷分布、分子轨道特征和非线性光学性质的影响很大.氮原子与方酸相连时对提高方酸体系的三阶非线性光学性质十分有效,其NLO系数可达2.3808×10^-24C·m.     

IR spectroscopy of hydrogen-bonded 2-fluoropyridine-methanol clusters

The electronic and infrared spectra of 2-fluoropyridine-methanol clusters were observed in a supersonic free jet. The structure of hydrogen-bonded clusters of 2-fluoropyridine with methanol was studied on the basis of the molecular orbital calculations. The IR spectra of 2-fluoropyridine-(CH3OH)n(n = 1-3) clusters were observed with a fluorescence-detected infrared depletion (FDIR) technique in the OH and CH stretching vibrational regions. The structures of the clusters are similar to those observed for 2-fluoropyridine-(H2O)n (n = 1-3) clusters. The existence of weak hydrogen bond interaction through aromatic hydrogen was observed in the IR spectra. The theoretical calculation also supports the result. The vibrational frequencies of CH bonds in CH3 group are affected by hydrogen bond formation although these bonds do not directly relate to the hydrogen bond interaction. The B3LYP/6-311 ++G(d,p) calculations reproduce well the vibrational frequency of the hydrogen-bonded OH stretching vibrations. However, the calculated frequency of CH stretching vibration could not reproduce the IR spectra because of anharmonic interaction with closely lying overtone or combination bands for nu3 and nu9 vibrations. The vibrational shift of nu2 vibration is reproduced well with molecular orbital calculations. The calculation also shows that the frequency shift of nu2 vibration is closely related to the CH bond length at the trans position against the OH bond in hydrogen-bonded methanol.     

CH_3SH和CH_3SLi分子间的锂键和氢键共存型相互作用

在CH3SLi+CH3SH势能面上求得锂键和氢键共存型复合物的两种稳定构型.频率分析表明,与单体相比复合物中S(5)—Li(6)键伸缩振动频率发生红移,而C(8)—H(10)键伸缩振动频率发生蓝移.经B3LYP/6-311++G**,MP2/6-311++G**及MP2/AUG-CC-PVDZ水平计算的含基组重叠误差(BSSE)校正的复合物Ⅰ中相互作用能分别为-58.99,-57.87和-62.89kJ·mol-1.采用自然键轨道(NBO)理论,分析了复合物中单体轨道间的电荷转移,电子密度重排及其与相关键键长变化的本质等.采用分子中的原子(AIM)理论分析了复合物中氢键和锂键的电子密度拓扑性质.在极化连续模型(PCM)下,考察了溶剂化效应.结果表明,所考察的水、二甲亚砜、乙醇和乙醚等四种溶剂均使单体间的相互作用能增大,且溶剂对复合物中的锂键结构及其振动频率具有显著的影响,而对复合物中的氢键的振动频率影响不大.     

Comparison of σ-hole and π-hole tetrel bonds in complexes of borazine with TH3F and F2TO/H2TO (T = C,Si, Ge)

The complexes between borazine and TH₃F/F₂TO/H₂TO (T = C, Si, Ge) are investigated with high-level quantum chemical calculations. Borazine has three sites of negative electrostatic potential: the N atom, the ring center, and the H atom of the B H bond, whereas TH₃F and F₂TO/H₂TO provide the σ-hole and π-hole, respectively, for the tetrel bond. The N atom of borazine is the favored site for both the σ and π-hole tetrel bonds. Less-stable dimers include a σ-tetrel bond to the borazine ring center and to the BH proton. The π-hole tetrel-bonded complexes are more strongly bound than are their σ-hole counterparts. Due to the coexistence of both T···N tetrel and B···O triel bonding, the complexes of borazine with F₂TO/H₂TO (T = Si and Ge) are very stable, with interaction energies up to −108 kcal/mol. The strongly bonded complexes are accompanied by substantial net charge transfer from F₂TO/H₂TO to borazine.     

CH3SH和CH3SLi分子间的锂键和氢键共存型相互作用

在CH₃SLi＋CH₃SH势能面上求得锂键和氢键共存型复合物的两种稳定构型. 频率分析表明, 与单体相比复合物中S(5)—Li(6)键伸缩振动频率发生红移, 而C(8)—H(10)键伸缩振动频率发生蓝移. 经B3LYP/6-311＋＋G**, MP2/6-311＋＋G**及MP2/AUG-CC-PVDZ水平计算的含基组重叠误差(BSSE)校正的复合物?中相互作用能分别为－58.99, －57.87和－62.89 kJ•mol^－1. 采用自然键轨道(NBO)理论, 分析了复合物中单体轨道间的电荷转移, 电子密度重排及其与相关键键长变化的本质等. 采用分子中的原子(AIM)理论分析了复合物中氢键和锂键的电子密度拓扑性质．在极化连续模型(PCM)下, 考察了溶剂化效应. 结果表明, 所考察的水、二甲亚砜、乙醇和乙醚等四种溶剂均使单体间的相互作用能增大, 且溶剂对复合物中的锂键结构及其振动频率具有显著的影响, 而对复合物中的氢键的振动频率影响不大.     

35Cl NQR spectra of organyltrichlorogermanes containing theCl_3 Ge - \mathop C\limits_|^| - \mathop N\limits_| - C(O)X fragment

³⁵C1 NQR spectra of compounds containing the fragment C1₃Ge-C-N-C(O)X, which were acquired at 77 K, indicate that in most of the investigated compounds the germanium atom is pentacoordinated owing to the intramolecular interaction Ge ← 0. The³⁵C1 NQR frequencies in these compounds satisfactorily correlate with the bond length of the corresponding Ge-C1 bond. The relationship between the length of the axial Ge-C1 bond and the Ge...O spacing is described by an exponential function. The charge on the chlorine atoms in the investigated models was estimated from the experimental NQR frequencies.     

(CH2)2O, (CH2)2S与双卤分子间卤键的理论研究

运用量子化学密度泛函B3LYP方法, 采用6-311＋＋G(d,p)及aug-cc-pVDZ基组, 通过CP校正的几何梯度优化对(CH2)2O和(CH2)2S与双卤分子XY (XY＝Cl2, Br2, ClF, BrF, BrCl)形成的卤键复合物的几何构型、振动频率和相互作用能等进行了研究. 利用电子密度拓扑分析理论方法对卤键复合物的拓扑性质进行了分析研究, 探讨了该类分子间卤键的作用本质. 结果表明, (CH2)2O和(CH2)2S与双卤分子间的卤键介于共价键与离子键之间, 偏于静电作用成分为主. 形成卤键后, 双卤分子的键长增加, 振动频率减小, 原子积分性质发生改变. 卤键键长的变化、键能的强弱、键鞍点处的电子密度值与双卤分子的电负性有关.     

Lewis acidity/basicity of pi-electron systems: theoretical study of a molecular interaction between a pi system and a Lewis acid/base

Molecular interactions between pi systems having different pi-electron character (benzene, hexafluorobenzene, and borazine), and a Lewis acid/base (borane and ammonia) were theoretically studied. An attractive interaction between benzene, the electron-rich pi system, and borane was observed. On the other hand, repulsive interactions between benzene and ammonia was observed when the lone pair of nitrogen points toward the benzene ring. In contrast, an attractive interaction between hexafluorobenzene, an electron-deficient pi system, and ammonia was observed. Unexpectedly, a weak attractive interaction between hexafluorobenzene and borane was also observed. Borazine shows an interaction both to borane and ammonia. The attraction between the nitrogen atom of borazine and borane was larger than that between the boron atom of borazine and ammonia.     

N,N-二甲基乙酰胺与醇分子间相互作用的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-311＋G*水平上对乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、戊醇与N,N-二甲基乙酰胺形成的1∶1氢键复合物进行计算研究. 结果表明: 醇与N,N-二甲基乙酰胺形成的复合物存在强的氢键, 表现为羰基氧原子的孤对电子与醇羟基反键σ轨道的相互作用. 振动分析显示, 分子间C＝O…H—O氢键的形成使C＝O和H—O伸缩振动频率明显红移. 溶剂对氢键产生较大的影响, 随着溶剂极性的增加, 复合物氢键有蓝移趋势.     

Substituent Effects on the Hydrogen Bonding between 4-Substituted Phenols and HF, H2O, NH3

Density function theory UB3LYP/6-31 g(d) calculations were performed to study the hydrogen bonds between para-substituted phenols and HF, H2O, or NH3. It revealed that many properties of the non-covalent complexes, such as the interaction energies, donor-acceptor distances, bond lengths and vibration frequencies, showed well-defined substituent effects. Therefore, from the substituent effects not only the mechanism of a certain non-covalent interaction can be better understood, but also the interaction energies and structures of a certain non-covalent complex, which otherwise might be very hard or resource-consuming to estimate, can be easily predicted.