石英的顺磁中心在电子自旋共振测年中的特性及应用

沉积物的电子自旋共振测年是利用石英矿物中的顺磁中心浓度确定总辐射能量,进而推定石英矿物的埋藏年代。石英中可用于测年的顺磁中心包括E′心、Al心、Ti心和Ge心。E′心需要经过热活化后才能测年。Al心是一种电子空穴心,在低温下可观测到较强的信号值。光照可以使Al心漂白,但有残留值存在。Ti心、Ge心都是电子中心,Ti心在低温测试中可见,信号微弱。Ge心光晒退最敏感,在常温观测中可见。不同顺磁中心的形成机理不同,导致它们具有不同的特性,适用于不同沉积环境中的样品测年,在冰碛物中Ge心测年更具有可行性。电子自旋共振测试时降低温度可使信号增强,Ti心在10 K和15 K时信号强度最大;Al心在20 K时信号最强;Ge心在200 K时信号明显增强。在电子自旋共振测年中可根据不同顺磁中心信号强度的变化调整测试温度获得信号的最优值。在以后的电子自旋共振(ESR)测试中可以选取信号最强时的测试温度进行测试,以增强微弱信号的信噪比,有利于对复杂的信号形态的分辨确定,提高对信号强度定量的准确性。     

电子自旋密度可视化在环境化学涉自由基反应教学中的应用

自由基反应是环境化学教学过程中的重点和难点。为了达到良好的教学效果,本研究以量化计算结合三维可视化的图形手段,使用“自旋密度”对自由基反应中的单电子过程进行了教学展示,结合具体教情学情进行课堂教学内容和形式的优化调整。首先,通过分子轨道理论对羟基自由基的电子结构进行分析,明确自旋密度、单电子、半充满轨道等概念;其次,通过对自旋密度可视化,对经典自由基反应进行追踪;最后,建立自旋密度与静电势之间的呼应或互补的关系,加深对环境自由基过程的理解。这种与现代化学理论的有机融合,赋予了环境自由基反应更深刻的内涵,提供了更多可供研究或操作的“手柄”,提高了学生的学习兴趣,融洽了师生关系,实现了预期教学目标。     

TX-100胶束中光解萘醌自由基的电子自旋极化研究

利用高时间分辨的电子自旋共振波谱仪(TRESR),研究了含有不同表面活性剂溶液中光解萘醌自由基CIDEP。在乙二醇溶剂中,在308nm的紫外激光照射下得到三重态机理极化的中性萘半醌自由基和以碳为中心的自由基R^.(OH)~2的信号,在表面活性剂TX-100的胶束中,得到萘醌阴离子自由基信号,并用萘醌分子与TX-100胶束间的电子转移进行解释。     

中子散射技术在化学研究中的应用

中子散射在化学、软物质、基础物理、地球科学、工程等领域应用广泛,在不同领域的科学探索过程中发挥了关键作用.中子具有不带电荷、穿透能力强、对轻元素敏感、能够进行无损检测等特点.一方面,弹性中子散射在氢元素富集的化学材料体系、高分子体系、生物大分子等体系的结构研究中独具优势;另一方面,非弹性中子散射测量的能量、散射矢量范围与这类材料体系的时间、空间尺度吻合,非常适合化学过程的动力学研究.本文将通过结合中国绵阳研究堆(CMRR)中子散射平台上的应用实例,重点介绍国内外利用小角中子散射、中子反射、中子衍射、非弹/准弹性中子散射等代表性技术在化学反应机理研究、溶液中的化学过程、高分子化学、生物化学、材料化学、核化学和放射化学等领域的典型应用及前景.     

电子自旋共振光谱在研究血红素蛋白及其模拟化合物中的应用

介绍电子自旋共振（ＥＳＲ）的基本原理，及ＥＳＲ在血红素蛋白及其模拟化合物铁卟啉的结构、性能、中心铁离子的状态等研究中的应用，以及用ＥＳＲ参数进行晶体场合分析的方法。     

时间分辨原位同步X射线衍射技术在分子筛研究中的应用

介绍了时间分辨原位同步X射线衍射技术(in situ TR XRSD)的原理。该技术以其原位测量性和时间分辨性为特征,广泛应用于分子筛研究的各个领域。举例阐述了该技术在水热合成条件的优化、结晶动力学参数测定、成核机理探索、转晶过程和机理、晶体参数变化的监测和骨架外阳离子迁移等过程研究中的应用原理和方法。     

太赫兹技术在药物化学研究领域中的应用*

太赫兹(THz)技术及其应用研究近些年发展迅速,许多研究表明该技术在国防安全、信息通信、材料、环境、化学和生物医学等领域有巨大的应用前景。本文就近年来利用太赫兹光谱和太赫兹成像技术在药物化学领域中的应用研究进行综述。介绍了太赫兹时域光谱技术（THz-TDS）在药物活性成分（Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, APIs）的检测、异构体的区分、药物的多晶型和假多晶型的鉴别以及混合物的定性与定量分析等方面取得的研究成果和进展;阐述了太赫兹成像技术在分析药物的物理化学性质和包衣膜厚度、密度、结构特性,以及监测产品的一致性和完整性方面的应用优势。此外,还介绍了太赫兹技术在药物动力学研究及药物生产过程分析中的创新性应用研究。     

原位FT-IR技术在研究甲烷氧化反应中的应用*

综述了原位FT-IR技术在研究甲烷氧化反应中的应用,介绍了近年来运用原位FT-IR技术在甲烷氧化偶联反应活性氧物种和甲烷部分氧化反应机理上取得的研究结果,讨论了不同催化剂体系上氧物种的种类和实验条件对甲烷部分氧化反应机理的影响。原位FT-IR峰的识别与归属技术的进步会使其在催化反应的机理和历程的研究中得到更广泛的应用。     

密度泛函研究双核Mn^Ⅱ取代的杂多酸[Mn2^Ⅱ（X^n＋Mo9O^33）2]2^（n-10）-（X=P^Ⅴ,As^Ⅴ,Se^Ⅵ）的磁耦合交换作用

运用密度泛函理论结合对称性破缺方法（DFT-BS）研究了双锰取代的三明治型多酸阴离子[Mn2^Ⅱ（X^n＋Mo9O^33）2]2^（n-10）-（X=P^Ⅴ,As^Ⅴ,Se^Ⅵ）的磁交换作用.计算得到的磁交换耦合常数（J）为负值,表明在这类体系中存在反铁磁交换作用;进一步从几何,自旋密度分布和前线轨道组成方面分析了中心杂原子X对磁交换耦合的影响,结果表明随着随着中心杂原子X的改变（P^V–As^V–Se^V）,影响到中心双核锰和桥氧构成的磁簇的结构,Mn1…Mn2距离有所增大,Ob…Ob距离有所缩短,从而减弱了超交换途径的有效性,反铁磁耦合常数J的数值依次减小.     

量子点在电化学生物传感研究中的应用*

量子点( Quantum dots,QDs )由于具有独特的光学、电化学和电致化学发光特性已受到广泛地重视,而利用量子点构建电化学生物传感器则是量子点最有前途的应用领域之一。量子点具有的高比表面积、高表面活性及小尺寸等特性使它对外界的光、电、温度等十分地敏感,外界环境的微小改变就会迅速引起其表面或界面粒子价态和电子转移行为的显著变化,基于生物大分子引起的QDs表面电化学行为变化而构建的电化学生物传感器,其特点是响应灵敏高、速度快且选择性优良。本文对量子点的光学、电化学和电致化学发光特性作了简单介绍,并重点回顾了其在电致化学发光、免疫分析、DNA杂交、蛋白质检测、农药检测和糖类检测电化学生物传感研究中的应用。同时,对量子点在电化学生物传感研究中的应用前景及研究方向进行了评述和展望。     

Polarized neutron diffraction and its application to spin density studies

Spin density distributions in molecular compounds containing unpaired electrons have been studied by polarized neutron diffraction (PND). The spin density distributions provide a unique perspective of the magnetic properties of the compounds. The background and fundamentals of polarized neutron diffraction are summarized in this review, followed by examples of applications in inorganic and organic chemistry. Spin densities in several compounds that are obtained by polarized neutron diffraction are highlighted. Spin densities in single molecular magnet [Fe₈O₂(OH)₁₂(tacn)₆]⁸⁺ and cyano-bridged K₂[Mn(H₂O)₂]₃[Mo(CN)₇]₂·6H₂O demonstrate how to obtain magnetic interaction in the complexes by PND. PND studies of Ru(acac)₃, containing one single unpaired electron, show small spin densities in this complex. Finally the use of PND in studying nitronyl nitroxide radicals is given. Our goal in this review is to illustrate how PND functions and how it serves as a sensitive tool in directly probing spin density in molecules.     

Polarized Neutron Diffraction to Probe Local Magnetic Anisotropy of a Low‐Spin Fe(III) Complex

We have determined by polarized neutron diffraction (PND) the low‐temperature molecular magnetic susceptibility tensor of the anisotropic low‐spin complex PPh₄[Fe^III(Tp)(CN)₃]?H₂O. We found the existence of a pronounced molecular easy magnetization axis, almost parallel to the C₃ pseudo‐axis of the molecule, which also corresponds to a trigonal elongation direction of the octahedral coordination sphere of the Fe^III ion. The PND results are coherent with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, magnetometry, and ab initio investigations. Through this particular example, we demonstrate the capabilities of PND to provide a unique, direct, and straightforward picture of the magnetic anisotropy and susceptibility tensors, offering a clear‐cut way to establish magneto‐structural correlations in paramagnetic molecular complexes.     

Analytical formulas for the magnetic field produced by a spin or a paramagnetic current density in the case of Gaussian basis functions

We present a derivation of simple formulas for the evaluation at any point of space of the magnetic field produced by a spin or a paramagnetic orbital current when Cartesian Gaussian basis functions are used, as is often the case in quantum chemistry. These formulas can be useful to plot the magnetic field vector density obtained from ab initio calculations or from a density operator fitted on experimental data. The magnetic field density is the observable probed in polarized neutron diffraction (PND) experiment, for it is, in fact, with this quantity that the neutron spins interact and not with the spin or magnetization density. The formulas make extensive use of the confluent hypergeometric function. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 81: 11–15, 2001     

Computer simulation and diffraction studies of the structure of liquid benzene

The review offers critical analysis of the results of the diffraction studies and computer simulation of the structure of liquid benzene. It is shown that until recently, structural studies were mainly investigations of the nearest surroundings of molecules, but did not ultimately provide reliable data. Modern approaches to studies of liquids at higher levels are considered, and a structural model of liquid benzene is suggested.     

Ferromagnetic interaction in an asymmetric end-to-end azido double-bridged copper(II) dinuclear complex: a combined structure, magnetic, polarized neutron diffraction and theoretical study

A new end-to-end azido double-bridged copper(II) complex [Cu(2)L(2)(N(3))2] (1) was synthesized and characterized (L=1,1,1-trifluoro-7-(dimethylamino)-4-methyl-5-aza-3-hepten-2-onato). Despite the rather long Cu-Cu distance (5.105(1) A), the magnetic interaction is ferromagnetic with J= +16 cm(-1) (H=-JS(1)S(2)), a value that has been confirmed by DFT and high-level correlated ab initio calculations. The spin distribution was studied by using the results from polarized neutron diffraction. This is the first such study on an end-to-end system. The experimental spin density was found to be localized mainly on the copper(II) ions, with a small degree of delocalization on the ligand (L) and terminal azido nitrogens. There was zero delocalization on the central nitrogen, in agreement with DFT calculations. Such a picture corresponds to an important contribution of the d(x2-y2) orbital and a small population of the d(z2) orbital, in agreement with our calculations. Based on a correlated wavefunction analysis, the ferromagnetic behavior results from a dominant double spin polarization contribution and vanishingly small ionic forms.     

Noncollinear spin density functional theory for spin‐frustrated and spin‐degenerate systems

We have implemented ab initio linear combinations of Gaussian‐type orbital calculations with generalized localized spin density approximation (GLSDA) for a dimer of equilateral H₃ as a model of the noncollinear magnetic clusters. It has been found that the GLSDA solution with the three‐dimensional noncollinear spin structure is, contrary to prior band calculations by other groups, the ground state near the O_h conformation. Further computational results are compared to that of ab initio generalized Hartree–Fock. The difference between them and the influence of the correlation correction were discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001