Determination of residues of tricaine in fish using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of residues of the anaesthetic tricaine mesilate (MS222) in fish tissues is described. Residues were extracted from homogenized tissues with McIllvaine buffer/methanol and purified over a C18 solid-phase extraction column followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. In the multiple-reaction monitoring mode of the mass spectrometer, chromatograms were recorded by monitoring the m/z 166-->m/z 138 and m/z 166-->m/z 94 transitions for quantification and confirmation of the residues in the finfish matrix, respectively. Recoveries were in the range of 67%+/-10% (n=6) for tilapia at 2 microg kg(-1), 95%+/-7% (n=6) at 2 microg kg(-1) in salmon and 92%+/-3% (n=5) for trout at 2.5 microg kg(-1). The limits of detection were 0.5, 0.6 and 0.6 microg kg(-1) in trout, salmon and tilapia, respectively. No residues of tricaine were found in eight sampled aquacultured fish (salmon and trout) bought from the local market.     

Analysis of residual solvents in pharmaceuticals with purge-and-membrane mass spectrometry

A method using purge-and-membrane mass spectrometry (PAM-MS) was developed for the analysis of residual solvents in pharmaceutical products. The method combines dynamic headspace and membrane inlet mass spectrometry. The limits of detection for the compounds studied, benzene, toluene, chloroform, 2-pentene and 2-methyl- and 3-methylpentane, were 0.05-0.1 mg/kg. In quantitative analysis the method showed good linearity (r(2) > 0.998) and acceptable within-day (RSD = 7.9-18%) and between-day (RSD = 6.8-10%) repeatability. The PAM-MS method combined with the custom-made Solver program was compared with a method using purge-and-trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (P&T-GC/MS) for identification of residual solvents from authentic samples. The results showed that PAM-MS/Solver provides reliable identification of the main volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the pharmaceuticals, but VOCs with low concentrations (below 0.5 mg/kg) were better identified by P&T-GC/MS. Other advantages of the PAM-MS method were short analysis times and non-requirement for pre-treatment of samples.     

Glycidyl fatty acid esters in food by LC-MS/MS: method development

An improved method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the analysis of glycidyl fatty acid esters in oils was developed. The method incorporates stable isotope dilution analysis (SIDA) for quantifying the five target analytes: glycidyl esters of palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3). For the analysis, 10 mg sample of edible oil or fat is dissolved in acetone, spiked with deuterium labelled analogs of glycidyl esters and purified by a two-step chromatography on C18 and normal silica solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges using methanol and 5% ethyl acetate in hexane, respectively. If the concentration of analytes is expected to be below 0.5 mg/kg, 0.5 g sample of oil is pre-concentrated first using a silica column. The dried final extract is re-dissolved in 250 μL of a mixture of methanol/isopropanol (1:1, v/v), 15 μL is injected on the analytical C18 LC column and analytes are eluted with 100% methanol. Detection of target glycidyl fatty acid esters is accomplished by LC-MS/MS using positive ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization operating in Multiple Reaction Monitoring mode monitoring 2 ion transitions for each analyte. The method was tested on replicates of a virgin olive oil which was free of glycidyl esters. The method detection limit was calculated to be in the range of 70-150 μg/kg for each analyte using 10 mg sample and 1-3 μg/kg using 0.5 g sample of oil. Average recoveries of 5 glycidyl esters spiked at 10, 1 and 0.1 mg/kg were in the range 84% to 108%. The major advantage of our method is use of SIDA for all analytes using commercially available internal standards and detection limits that are lower by a factor of 5-10 from published methods when 0.5 g sample of oil is used. Additionally, MS/MS mass chromatograms offer greater specificity than liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry operated in selected ion monitoring mode. The method will be applied to the survey of glycidyl fatty acid esters in food products on the Canadian market.     

Quantitative determination of coenyzme Q10 by liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in dairy products

The dietary sources of CoQ10 and the evaluation of CoQ10 in dairy products were characterized. For quantitation of CoQ10 in food samples, 2 liquid chromatography (LC) methods with UV and mass spectrometry (MS) detections were developed. LC with UV detection was performed at 25 degrees C on a Hyperclone ODS 5 microm 150 x 4.6 mm column with mobile phase consisting of methanol-ethanol-2-propanol (70 + 15 + 15, v/v/v). Flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Retention time of CoQ10 was 10.9 +/- 0.1 min. The method was sensitive [limit of detection (LOD) = 0.2 mg/kg], reproducible [relative standard deviation (RSD) = 3:0%), and linear up to 25 mg/kg (R > 0.999). LC/MS analysis was performed on a LUNA C18 3 microm, 150 x 4.6 mm column, using mobile phase consisting of ethanol-dioxane-acetic acid (9 + 1 + 0.01, v/v/v), flow rate was 0.6 mL/min, and the retention time of CoQ10 was 4.1 +/- 0.1 min. Identification and quantitation were performed with a Finnigan-LCQ mass detector in positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mode. Mass spectra were obtained in selected-ion monitoring mode; molecular mass (M+H)+ m/z 863.4 +/- 1 was used for quantitative determination. MS detection is more sensitive than UV detection (LOD = 0.1 mg/kg), less reproducible (RSD = 4.0%), and linear in selected range. Analytical recoveries are 75-90% and depend on the ratio between the amount of fat in the matrix and the concentration of CoQ10 in the sample. Some soybean milk products were analyzed together with different cow, goat, and sheep milk products. Concentrations obtained with LC and LC/MS were compared with a few accessible results available from the literature. Concentrations varied from 0 ppm in soybean milk to nearly 2 ppm in fresh milk from local farms.     

Determination of neonicotinoid pesticides residues in agricultural samples by solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

This work reports a new sensitive multi-residue liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for detection, confirmation and quantification of six neonicotinoid pesticides (dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, clothiandin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid and thiacloprid) in agricultural samples (chestnut, shallot, ginger and tea). Activated carbon and HLB solid-phase extraction cartridges were used for cleaning up the extracts. Analysis is performed by LC-MS/MS operated in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, acquiring two specific precursor-product ion transitions per target compound. Quantification was carried by the internal standard method with D(4)-labeled imidacloprid. The method showed excellent linearity (R(2)≥0.9991) and precision (relative standard deviation, RSD≤8.6%) for all compounds. Limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.01 mg kg(-1) for chestnut, shallot, ginger sample and 0.02 mg kg(-1) for tea sample. The average recoveries, measured at three concentrations levels (0.01 mg kg(-1), 0.02 mg kg(-1) and 0.1 mg kg(-1) for chestnut, shallot, ginger sample, 0.02 mg kg(-1), 0.04 mg kg(-1) and 0.2 mg kg(-1) for tea sample), were in the range 82.1-108.5%. The method was satisfactorily validated for the analysis of 150 agricultural samples (chestnut, shallot, ginger and tea). Imidacloprid and acetamiprid were detected at concentration levels ranging from 0.05 to 3.6 mg kg(-1).     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中10种限用物质

建立了乙腈超声提取、高效液相色谱/二极管阵列检测快速测定化妆品中的氢醌、水杨酸、苯酚、苯氧乙醇、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯、双氯酚、三氯生10种限用物质含量的分析方法.对提取方法、液相色谱条件和检测条件进行了优化,10种限用物质标准溶液的线性范围为0.01～0.1g/L,50...     

Application of tandem mass spectrometry combined with gas chromatography and headspace solid-phase dynamic extraction for the determination of drugs of abuse in hair samples

A new method combination, headspace solid-phase dynamic extraction coupled with gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HS-SPDE/GC/MS/MS), is introduced to determine drugs of abuse in hair samples. This highly automated procedure utilizes SPDE for pre-concentration and on-coating derivatization as well as GC and triple quadrupole MS/MS for selective and sensitive detection. All these steps, apart from washing and cutting of the hair samples, are performed without manual intervention on a robot-like autosampler.SPDE is a solventless extraction technique related to solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The analytes are absorbed from the sample headspace directly into a hollow needle with an internal coating of polydimethylsiloxane by repeated aspirate/dispense cycles.The HS-SPDE/GC/MS/MS procedure was applied to the analysis of methadone, the trimethylsilyl derivatives of cannabinoids and the trifluoroacetyl derivatives of amphetamines and designer drugs. The method was shown to be sensitive with detection limits between 6 and 52 pg/mg hair matrix and precision between 0.4 and 7.8% by the use of an internal standard technique. Linearity was obtained from 0.1-20 ng/mg with coefficients of correlation between 0.995 and 0.999.Compared with conventional methods of hair analysis, HS-SPDE/GC/MS/MS is easier to use, substantially faster, with the degree of sensitivity and reproducibility demanded in clinical and forensic toxicology. The main advantage of the SPDE technique in relation to SPME is the robustness of the capillary.     

代森锌在板蓝根和大青叶中的残留分析

采用顶空气相色谱法(火焰光度检测器)测定板蓝根、大青叶中代森锌的残留量。测定结果表明代森锌在0.1～5mg/kg范围内峰面积和进样量成良好的线性关系(R2=0.9985),回收率在80.6%～115.2%之间,变异系数在4.8%～9.0%之间,最低检出浓度为0.01mg/kg。该方法简便、快速、灵敏度高。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定食用油中两种非邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱同时测定食用油中对苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯和偏苯三甲酸三（2-乙基己基）酯两种非邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的方法。样品采用乙腈提取,于-20℃冷冻除脂净化,用气相色谱-串联质谱选择反应监测模式测定。两种化合物的检出限为0.03 mg/kg,定量限为0.1 mg/kg,线性范围为0.1~10 mg/kg。3个添加水平（0.1、0.3和1.0 mg/kg）下的回收率为81.04%~108.31%,相对标准偏差为0.70%~9.91%。该方法简便、准确,适用于食用油中对苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯和偏苯三甲酸三（2-乙基己基）酯的检测。     

茶叶中有机氯农药的质谱确证分析

中国曾大量使用过以DDT和六六六为代表的有机氯农药,近年来,在对茶叶的检测中已很少检测到六六六,但仍经常检出DDT,甚至DDT超标的现象时有出现。本文建立了分析茶叶中DDT的GC-MS-TIC和GC-MS-SIM方法。目前国内实验室仍多采用GC／ECD分析茶叶中的DDT,本文不仅对使用GC／ECD检出的DDT进行了GC-MS确证分析,而且对GC／ECD分析茶叶中DDT的可靠性进行了初步探讨。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定阿达帕林凝胶剂中的主药阿达帕林和两种防腐剂

建立了同时测定阿达帕林凝胶剂中主药阿达帕林和防腐剂(苯氧乙醇、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯)含量的反相高效液相色谱法(HPLC)。采用Tigerkin C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),以pH 3.0的0.02 mol/L醋酸盐缓冲液-四氢呋喃-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在270 nm波长条件下检测。线性范围:苯氧乙醇,10～100 mg/L(r=0.9999);对羟基苯甲酸甲酯,4～40 mg/L(r=0.9999);阿达帕林,4～40 mg/L(r=0.9999)。3种组分的平均回收率为98.0%～98.6%。该方法简便、可靠,可用于阿达帕林凝胶剂中阿达帕林、苯氧乙醇和对羟基苯甲酸甲酯的同时测定。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱/串联质谱法测定食醋中的3种甜味剂

建立了食醋中3种甜味剂的固相萃取-高效液相色谱/串联质谱分析方法。样品经酸性水稀释,弱阴离子固相萃取柱净化,Pursuit C18色谱柱分离,10 mmol/L醋酸铵(含0.1%氨水)和乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,电喷雾负离子模式下多反应监测(MRM)模式检测。糖精钠、安赛蜜、甜蜜素的定量限分别为10、5、5 μg/kg,回收率为72.1%～96.8%,相对标准偏差小于15%。该方法准确、灵敏度高,可用于食醋中甜味剂的定性定量检验。     

Determination of pentachlorophenol and tribromophenol in sawdust by ultrasound-assisted extraction and MEKC

An ultrasonic bar-assisted extraction and CE separation procedure for the determination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) residues in sawdust was developed and applied. For this purpose, micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) was used and compared with a GC/MS methodology. This methodology allowed the quantification of PCP and TBP in a concentration range of 2.5-12.0 mg/kg for TBP and 2.8-12.0 mg/kg for PCP. Different sample treatment processes were evaluated in order to extract these compounds from sawdust. Better results were obtained when the residues were extracted with ultrasound-assisted hexane, filtered, evaporated, dissolved in Na(2)CO(3), and injected into the CE equipment. The optimal option for GC/MS was extraction with Na(2)CO(3 )followed by a derivation using acetic anhydride and liquid-liquid extraction with hexane. This method allowed the quantification of TBP and PCP in sawdust in a concentration range of 0.19-12.00 mg/kg and 0.14-12.00 mg/kg, respectively. The CE method was compared with the GC/MS as reference method. The results were shown to be statistically similar by both methods for PCP as well as for TBP.     

在线液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器-串联质谱法检测野生菌中鹅膏毒肽和鬼笔毒肽

建立了在线液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器-串联质谱技术(LC-DAD-MS/MS)同时测定野生菌中多肽类蘑菇毒素(鹅膏毒肽和鬼笔毒肽)的分析方法。样品经甲醇提取,水稀释后,在碱性条件下用XBridge~(TM) BEH C_(18)柱(150m m×3.0 m m,2.5μm)分离,并先后用DAD和MS/MS检测。使用碱性流动相能够实现5种多肽类蘑菇毒素在15 m in内达到基线分离,同时又能有效抑制质谱加钠峰[M+Na]~+的响应信号,保证检测的稳定性和灵敏度。5种蘑菇毒素在0.05~500 mg/kg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)0.99;检出限为0.005~0.02 mg/kg。通过实际样品检测,证明该法操作简单、快速,灵敏度高,宽的定量检测线性范围能满足实际样品中蘑菇毒素含量变化大的特点。     

High performance liquid chromatographic measurement of lignocaine in tissue samples following transabdominal placental biopsy

A method is described for the measurement of lignocaine in small samples of fetal and placental tissue. Tissue samples (ca 100 mg) are digested using a preteolytic enzyme. Lignocaine and an internal standard are extracted into methyl tert-butyl ether and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (+1.0 V vs Ag/AgCl). The limit of accurate measurement is better than 0.1 mg/kg wet weight for a 100 mg sample. This method has been used to assess fetal exposure to the drug when used as a local anaesthetic during transabdominal placental biopsy (chorionic villus sampling). The range of lignocaine concentrations found in the tissue samples was large (from less than 0.04 mg/kg wet weight to 15.4 mg/kg wet weight) although most samples contained less than 1.0 mg lignocaine/kg wet weight.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定食用油中的16种抗氧化剂

利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)同时测定食用油中16种抗氧化剂。食用油中的抗氧化剂经正己烷溶解、含L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸盐的乙腈萃取后,经C18柱分离,乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液体系为流动相进行梯度洗脱,多反应监测模式(MRM)检测,外标法定量。16种抗氧化剂呈良好的线性关系(r~2=0.9912~0.9988),方法的测定低限为0.1~0.5mg/kg,在测定低限浓度水平下的平均回收率为78.6%~101.2%,相对标准偏差为3.50%~13.19%(n=10)。该方法准确、灵敏、重现性好,可用于食用油中16种抗氧化剂的检测。     

HPLC-MS/MS检测含蛋白质辐照食品中的邻酪氨酸

应用液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC- MS/MS )技术建立了含蛋白质辐照食品中邻酪氨酸的检测方法.样品经胰蛋白酶于37℃水解过夜,正己烷去脂,乙酸锌沉淀蛋白净化后,HPLC-MS/MS检测.方法的定量下限为0.1 mg/kg,邻酪氨酸在0.1,0.5,1.0 mg/kg加标水平的回收率为80%-97%,相对标准偏差(R...     

Determination of chlorophenols in soil samples by microwave-assisted extraction coupled to headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-electron-capture detection

Microwave-assisted extraction coupled to headspace solid-phase microextraction was studied and applied for one-step in-situ sample preparation prior to analysis of chlorophenols (CPs) in soil samples. The CPs in soil sample were extracted into the aqueous solution and then directly onto the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber in headspace under the aid of microwave irradiation. After being desorbed from SPME fiber in the GC injection port, CPs were analyzed with a GC-electron-capture detection system. Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency such as the extraction solutions, the pH in the slurry, the humic acid content in the soil, the power and the irradiation time of microwave as well as the desorption parameters were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the extraction of a 1.0 g soil sample with a 6-ml aqueous solution (pH 2) and a polyacrylate fiber under the medium-power irradiation (132 W) for 9 min achieved the best extraction efficiency of about 90% recovery and less than 10% RSD. Desorption was optimal at 300 degrees C for 3 min. Detection limits were obtained at around 0.1-2.0 microg/kg levels. The proposed method provided a simple, fast, and organic solvent-free procedure to analyze CPs from soil sample matrix.     

同位素稀释-顶空气相色谱-质谱联用法测定化妆品中的二噁烷残留量

建立了化妆品中二噁烷的同位素稀释-顶空气相色谱-质谱联用测定方法。称取2 g化妆品样品于顶空样品瓶中,加入1 g氯化钠及20 mg/L氘代二噁烷内标溶液1 mL,再加入9 mL水。密封后摇匀,置于顶空进样器中,在70℃平衡40 min。气液平衡后的上部气体经HP-5 MS石英毛细管气相色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)分离后,采用选择离子扫描模式进行质谱定性及定量分析。二噁烷的方法定量限为2.5 mg/kg;在2.5~50 mg/kg的3个添加水平范围内的平均回收率为90.5%~104.0%,相对标准偏差为1.26%~3.98%。本方法准确、简便、快速,能够满足化妆品样品中二噁烷残留量的检测要求。     

蜂蜜中链霉素与双氢链霉素残留量的液相色谱串联质谱法测定

建立了液相色谱串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）同时对蜂蜜中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量进行分析的方法。采用磷酸溶液提取,苯磺酸固相萃取柱和C18固相萃取柱串联净化,液相色谱串联质谱测定。链霉素的检出限为0.002 mg/kg,线性范围为0.005～0.100 mg/kg,相关系数为0.9992;双氢链霉素检出限为0.001mg/kg,线性范围为0.002～0.050 mg/kg,相关系数为0.9924。方法回收率为78%～95%,相对标准偏差为2.6%～4.9%。该法实用、准确、快捷,可应用于蜂蜜样品中链霉素和双氢链霉素的同时检测。