一锅法绿色合成烯酰胺和1,3-二炔(英文)

结合绿色化学概念,将酮肟还原酰化和末端炔氧化偶联在一锅进行反应,发展了一种Pd/Cu协同催化一锅绿色合成烯酰胺和1,3-二炔的新方法.该方法无需外加任何氧化剂和还原剂,可同时得到烯酰胺和1,3-二炔,产率高,反应条件温和.     

CuI/iodine-mediated homocoupling reaction of terminal alkynes to 1,3-diynes

A facile and efficient pathway for CuI/iodine-mediated homocoupling reaction of terminal alkynes to symmetrical 1,4-disubstituted 1,3-diynes in good to excellent yields was reported.     

Importance of bases on the copper-catalyzed oxidative homocoupling of terminal alkynes to 1,4-disubstituted 1,3-diynes

Copper-catalyzed, solvent-free oxidative homocoupling of terminal alkynes can be performed to 1,3-diynes in good to excellent yields in the absence of any additives, using air as environmentally friendly oxidant and the occurrence of water as an exclusive byproduct in the whole process. It is shown that AcO⁻ of copper (II) acetate catalyst may take the role of base and found that the homocoupling cannot occur using weakly basic copper salt catalysts such as CuBr, CuCl, or CuI. Thus, the bases are absolutely necessary in the process of the homocoupling of terminal alkynes.     

Synthesis of 1,4-diarylsubstituted 1,3-diynes through ligand-free copper-catalyzed oxidative decarboxylative homocoupling of aryl propiolic acids

An efficient method of ligand-free Cu-catalyzed oxidative decarboxylative homocoupling of aryl propiolic acids was developed. When CuI was employed as the catalyst and I₂ as the oxidant, the decarboxylative homocoupling reaction for C_sp–C_sp bond formation in DMSO underwent smoothly to afford the corresponding 1,4-disubstituted 1,3-dialkynes in good to excellent yields without any organic ligands. This catalytic system was applicable to aryl propiolic acids bearing different steric, electronic, and functional groups.     

Synthesis of enantiopure free and N-benzyloxycarbonyl-protected 3-substituted homotaurines from naturally occurring amino acids

Enantiopure N-benzyloxycarbonyl-protected and free 3-substituted homotaurines were synthesized from naturally occurring amino acids via N-benzyloxycarbonyl protection, Arndt–Eistert homologation, reduction, esterification with thioacetic acid, and oxidation with performic acid. The current method is a convenient, practical, and salt-free method for the synthesis of enantiopure 3-substituted homotaurine with moderate to good yields.     

Synthesis of Pyrimidine-Annelated Heterocycles: Regioselective Heterocyclization of 5-(Cyclohex-2-enyl)-1,3-dimethyl-6-hydroxyuracil [1]

Summary.  5-(Cyclohex-2-enyl)-1,3-dimethyl-6-hydroxyuracil undergoes regioselective heterocyclization to afford fused tricyclic heterocycles upon treatment with bromine and m-CPBA. However, the same substrate furnished bridged tricyclic heterocycles when treated with N-iodosuccinimide and conc. H₂SO₄ and a mixture of bridged tricyclic heterocycles and fused tricyclic heterocycles when treated with hexamine hydrotribromide or pyridine hydrotribromide. Corresponding author. E-mail: kcm@klyuniv.ernet.in Received September 27, 2001. Accepted (revised) December 3, 2001     

Synthesis of symmetrical 1,3-diynes via homocoupling reaction of n-butyl alkynyltellurides

An ultrasound-assisted synthesis of symmetrical 1,3-diyne compounds with electron-withdrawing or -donating substituents is described and illustrated by the palladium-catalyzed homocoupling reaction of n-butyl alkynyltellurides. This procedure offers easy access to 1,3-diynes in very short reaction times, and the products are achieved in good to excellent yields.     

Synthesis of 2-methyl- and 2-methylenecyclobutane amino acids

An efficient and easy formal [2+2] cycloaddition (Michael-Dieckmann-type reaction) on methyl 2-acetamidoacrylate with ketene diethyl acetal gave the cyclobutane core. Two kinds of 2-substituted cyclobutane amino acids have been obtained from this compound by means of stereocontrolled interconversion of functional groups: 1-amino-2-methylcyclobutane-1-carboxylic acids (2,4-methanovalines) and 1-amino-2-methylenecyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid. The latter amino acid can be regarded as a restricted α-methyl-α-vinylglycine.     

Ligand-Free Synthesis of 1,4-Disubstituted-1,3-diynes by Iron/Copper Cocatalyzed Homocoupling of Terminal Alkynes

A simple and efficient protocol for Fe/Cu cocatalyzed oxidative homocoupling reaction of terminal alkynes to symmetrical 1,4‐disubstituted‐1,3‐diynes was presented. The results showed that both CuBr and FeCl₃ played crucial roles in the reaction. It is noteworthy that this protocol employs mild, efficient, aerobic and ligand free conditions. The alkynes, including aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic alkynes, were transformed into the corresponding 1,3‐diynes in good to excellent yields.     

Synthesis of novel amino squaric acids via addition of dianion enolates derived from N-Boc amino acid esters

Novel α-amino squaric acid analogs were synthesized by initial addition reaction of a dianion enolate generated from N-Boc amino acid tert-butyl ester to squaric acid diisopropyl ester, and subsequent decarboxylation of the resulting carboxylic acid moiety.     

反相流动注射-化学发光法测定氨基酸

基于碱性条件，氨基酸对次氯酸钠-一鲁米诺化学发光体系的显著增敏作用，建立了反相流动注射-化学发光法测定氨基酸的新方法。该法不需对氨基酸进行衍生或转化，检出限为0．016μg/mL，采样频率为150次／h，对1μg／L的组氨酸进行连续12次平行测定，其RSD为0．9％。对氨基酸注射液样品中的氨基酸测定的回收率在98．6％～102．1％之间，并和经典的茚三酮比色法进行了对照。     

Synthesis, crystal structure, hydrogen bonding and spectroscopy of transition-metal complexes with the ligand (N,N′-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,3-propanediamine)

Six mononuclear complexes are reported with the tetradentate ligand N,N′-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,3-propanediamine, (abbreviated as pypn) i.e. [Cu(pypn)(ClO₄)₂](H₂O)_1/2 (1), [Fe(pypn)Cl₂](NO₃) (2), [Zn(pypn)Cl](ClO₄) (3), [Co(pypn)(NCS)₂](ClO₄) (4), [Co(pypn)(N₃)₂](ClO₄) (5), [Zn(pypn)(NCS)₂] (6). The synthesis and X-ray crystal structures of all six compounds and their spectroscopic properties are presented.The geometry of the Cu²⁺, Co³⁺, Zn²⁺, Fe³⁺ ions is essentially octahedrally based, with the mm conformation (for Cu) and m_sf conformations for the other 3 metal ions; in compound 3 the geometry around the Zn²⁺ is distorted trigonal bipyramidal. The stabilisation of the crystal lattices is maintained by interesting, relative strong hydrogen bonds.     

Synthesis and structures of three 1-aminoethylidenediphosphonate compounds with transition-metal ions

Three new aminodiphosphonates, namely M(phen)(AEDPH₃)₂·4H₂O (M = Zn, (1); Ni, (2)) and Cu(phen)(AEDPH₃)₂·H₂O (4), in addition to the previously reported Co(phen)(AEDPH₃)₂·4H₂O (3), Cu(2,2′-bipy)(H₂O)(HEDPH₂)·2H₂O (5), and Cu(phen)(H₂O)(HEDPH₂)·2H₂O (6) (AEDPH₄ = 1-aminoethylidenediphosphonic acid, HEDPH₄ = 1-hydroxyethylidenediphosphonic acid, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-bipy = 2,2′-bipyridyl), have been synthesized and characterized. These compounds are all synthesized at the similar condition (80 °C), whereas they illustrate different frameworks. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 are isomorphous, which contain two same chelate and one six-coordinated metal ion, and display a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular structure through hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions. Compound 4 contains a chelate and a monodentate , while the Cu ion is five-coordinated. The coordination model of Cu²⁺ in 4 is similar to that of 5 and 6. Comparing with four aminoethylidenediphosphonates, the difference of their structures is directed to the coordination model of the metal ions, while the three copper(II) diphosphonates illustrate different structures based on the deprotonized degree of the corresponding diphosphonic acids.     

Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation of primary benzamides and tandem cyclization with cyclic 2-diazo-1,3-diketones for the synthesis of isocoumarins

A simple and efficient Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation and tandem intramolecular cyclization for the synthesis of isocoumarins has been developed. The protocol uses easily available primary benzamides and cyclic 2-diazo-1,3-diketones as starting materials. This reaction proceeds via C-C and C-O bond formation in a single reaction vessel, and the corresponding isocoumarins were obtained in moderate to excellent yields (58%–97%). The well established protocol showed high functional group tolerance, which provided an efficient and alternative route to isocoumarin backbone.     

A convenient synthesis of 1,2,4-trisubstituted azetidines by reductive cyclization of aza-Michael adducts of chalcones

Aza-Michael adducts of chalcones and diethyl N-arylphosphoramidates undergo reductive cyclization with sodium borohydride followed by sodium hydride to afford 1,2,4-trisubstituted azetidines diastereoselectively in a one-pot procedure and excellent yields.     

Simultaneous separation of jasmonic acid conjugates with amino acids by MEKC

Jasmonic acid (JA) conjugates with amino acids (AAs) are a group of plant hormone in the family of jasmonates. The separation of stereoisomers of JA‐AA conjugates is a very challenging work since these stereoisomers have similar chromatographic and electrophoretic behavior. Simultaneous separation of ten (±)‐JA conjugates with five AAs including l‐ Tyr (tyrosine), l‐ leucine, l‐ Ile (isoleucine), l‐ valine, and l‐ phenylalanine and their stereoisomers has been achieved by MEKC with diode array detector in this work. Optimum separation of the analytes was obtained on a 61.5 cm × 75 μm id capillary using a running buffer containing 80 mM SDS and 50 mM phosphates (pH 7.0) at +18 kV applied voltage and capillary temperature of 35°C. Ten stereoisomers of JA conjugates with five AAs are completely separated in 13 min. The RSDs of the migration times and peak areas of the ten stereoisomers were in the range of 0.48–1.03% and 1.03–2.07%, respectively. In the tested concentration range, good linear relationships (correlation coefficients above 99%) between peak areas and concentrations of the analytes were observed. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of spiked rice floret sample and original reaction solution of (±)‐JA‐Ile conjugate and (±)‐JA‐Tyr conjugate. The recoveries ranged from 91.7 to 107.6% for the rice floret sample and 92.9 to 107.2% for the original reaction solution.     

Simple and effective preparation of amino sulfonylureas from amino acids: application to the synthesis of amino sulfonylurea-containing peptidomimetics

Several amino sulfonylureas have been synthesized, starting from amino acids. The synthetic procedure is simple affording high yields of products under mild conditions. Furthermore, it is shown that these compounds can be incorporated into a peptide sequence.     

Diisobutylaluminum hydride-promoted cyclization of silylated 1,3-dien-5-ynes: Application to total synthesis of a 20-norabietane derivative

The diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL-H)-promoted benzocyclization, recently developed by this group, was adopted for the synthesis of a natural product containing a 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene skeleton to demonstrate its synthetic utility. One of the extracts from the roots of Salvia hydrangea DC. ex Bentham (Lamiaceae), a 20-norabietane derivative, was selected as the target molecule. The key step forming the 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene skeleton was achieved by the DIBAL-H-promoted cyclization of a silylated 1,3-dien-5-yne easily accessible from a substituted α-tetralone.