Influence of samarium on the hydrogenation properties of supported nickel catalyst

The effect of samarium on Ni/sepiolite catalyst was investigated by benzene hydrogenation, methanation of carbon dioxide, CO chemisorption, XPS and CS₂ poisoning, respectively. The result indicates that a proper amount and impregnation order of samarium in the preparation of Ni-Sm/sepiolite catalyst are very efficient to improve the catalytic activity and anti-sulfur ability. At the same time, the mechanism of samarium improving hydrogenation activity of Ni/sepiolite is presented.     

二氧化碳加氢制甲醇催化剂研究进展

随着全球能源消耗的不断增长和环境污染问题的日益严重,寻找清洁、高效的CO₂利用路径成为研究热点。甲醇由于用途广泛,既是重要的化工原料,也是一种新型清洁能源。CO₂催化加氢制甲醇过程不仅实现CO₂减排,还是碳资源循环利用的有效途径之一,对解决能源紧缺和环境问题具有重要意义。高活性、高选择性和高稳定性的CO₂加氢制甲醇催化剂的开发一直是该过程的核心技术。本文综述了二氧化碳加氢制甲醇的研究进展,主要介绍了反应机理和催化剂,并以Cu基催化剂重点总结了活性位、载体和助剂对催化性能的影响,最后对二氧化碳加氢制甲醇的应用前景进行了展望。     

锰配合物催化CO2加氢生成甲酸的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)对锰配合物催化二氧化碳加氢生成甲酸的反应进行了理论研究. 整个催化循环主要包括氢气活化和二氧化碳氢化2个阶段. 计算结果表明, 甲酸的参与明显降低了氢气活化的反应能垒; 二氧化碳的氢化过程遵循外层机理并且氢转移是分步进行的, 决速步骤为氢负离子的转移过程, 自由能垒为21.0 kJ/mol. 对配合物中硫原子上的取代基R进行了调变, 研究结果表明, 当R为吸电子基团时能降低氢气裂解和二氧化碳氢化过程中质子转移的能垒, 而当R为推电子基团时有利于氢负离子的转移,当R=CF₃时整个反应的能量跨度(80.4 kJ/mol)最小.     

Decorating catalytic palladium nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes in supercritical carbon dioxide

Hydrogen reduction of a Pd(II)-beta-diketone precursor in supercritical carbon dioxide produces palladium nanoparticles on multi-walled carbon nanotubes that exhibit promising catalytic properties for hydrogenation of olefins in carbon dioxide as well as electro-reduction of oxygen in fuel cell applications.     

固载Ru基催化剂上二氧化碳加氢合成甲酸的研究(IV): 反应机理

探讨了在CO₂加H₂合成HCOOH过程中原位合成的固载Ru基催化剂的可能结构、CO₂的活化方式以及可能的反应机理. 在反应中, 固载Ru配合物中的一个P配体首先解离, 被质子型溶剂ROH取代而生成循环活性物质, 然后CO₂正插入Ru—H键生成甲酸酯配合物, 之后甲酸酯配合物中的Ru—O₂CH键被H₂氢解生成HCOOH, 而本身重新转化为活性物质, 完成催化循环.     

漫反射付立叶红外光谱法研究二氧化碳的催化甲烷化

用漫反射付立叶红外光谱法（ＤＲＩＦＴ）研究了二氧化碳甲烷化催化剂Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３体系的表面物种及催化反应过程．结果表明：二氧化碳难以直接在催化剂表面发生吸附，而是通过与其它反应物的作用，生成含氧酸根类表面吸附物种，并以此为主要中间物进行下一步反应．含氧酸根类物种主要吸附于载体表面．一氧化碳不是反应的主要中间物，而仅作为一种副产物出现     

Development of a Ruthenium/Phosphite Catalyst System for Domino Hydroformylation–Reduction of Olefins with Carbon Dioxide

An efficient domino ruthenium‐catalyzed reverse water‐gas‐shift (RWGS)‐hydroformylation‐reduction reaction of olefins to alcohols is reported. Key to success is the use of specific bulky phosphite ligands and triruthenium dodecacarbonyl as the catalyst. Compared to the known ruthenium/chloride system, the new catalyst allows for a more efficient hydrohydroxymethylation of terminal and internal olefins with carbon dioxide at lower temperature. Unwanted hydrogenation of the substrate is prevented. Preliminary mechanism investigations uncovered the homogeneous nature of the active catalyst and the influence of the ligand and additive in individual steps of the reaction sequence.     

Ultra-stable Ni catalysts for methane reforming by carbon dioxide

Methane reforming by carbon dioxide has been studied over ultra-stable Ni catalysts. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, IR and TEM and temperature programmed hydrogenation. The nickel–magnesia solid solution catalyst containing low nickel has shown excellent stability (>3000 h) and no carbon deposition in the methane reforming by carbon dioxide. It was also found that the small nickel metal particle interaction with support surface is effective for the inhibition of carbon formation.     

Inhibition of corrosion and hydrogenation of carbon steel in media containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide with low concentrations of salts of oxyethylated amines

Impedance spectroscopy was used to study the protective action of salts of higher aliphatic oxyethylated amines as universal inhibitors of the hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide corrosion and hydrogenation of carbon steel.     

Catalytic ring hydrogenation of phenol under supercritical carbon dioxide

A charcoal-supported rhodium catalyst was highly active for the ring hydrogenation of phenol and cresols under supercritical carbon dioxide.     

二氧化碳间接转化制化学品的研究进展

二氧化碳直接利用较为困难, 因此先将其转化为环碳酸酯等二氧化碳衍生物, 进而间接转化为其它化学品是实现二氧化碳资源化利用的重要手段之一, 具有良好的应用前景. 本文综合评述了二氧化碳转化为环碳酸酯继而间接利用的近期研究进展, 重点介绍了环碳酸酯的加氢反应、 醇解反应和氨解反应中的均相和多相催化体系, 对反应机理进行了阐述, 并展望了该领域仍待解决的问题和发展前景.     

氨基醇AMP的合成及其催化转化研究进展

氨基醇的高效合成和催化转化是实现氨基醇在医药、农药、新材料、二氧化碳捕集等领域广泛应用的关键。综述了硝基烷烃工艺、氨基酸酯加氢、异丁烯衍生物工艺等合成2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(AMP)的方法,结合课题组研究工作,介绍了AMP催化转化合成2-甲基-1,2-丙二胺、四甲基二乙烯三胺、2,2-二甲基氮丙啶等方面的研究工作,指出了AMP高效清洁合成和催化转化今后需重点解决的问题。     

Fe含量对Fe-Zn-M/HY复合催化剂上CO2加氢性能的影响

在340 ℃，5.0 MPa条件下，研究了Fe-Zn-M/HY(M=Cr、Al)复合催化剂上CO2的加氢性能。考察了催化剂中Fe含量对CO2转化率、烃类产物及异构烷烃选择性的影响, 并用CO2-TPD、H2-TPR研究了Fe-Zn-M对CO2的吸附和对H2的还原性能。结果表明, 随着Fe含量的增加, 复合催化剂的活性增强, 烃类产物的选择性降低, 异构烷烃在烃类中的选择性随Fe含量的增加而降低，CO2-TPD、H2-TPR结果表明，随Fe含量的增加，催化剂对CO2的活化吸附量随之增加, 而Fe含量的增加促进了催化剂的还原。     

Low-pressure hydrogenation of carbon dioxide catalyzed by an iron pincer complex exhibiting noble metal activity

A highly active iron catalyst for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide and bicarbonates works under remarkably low pressures and achieves activities similar to some of the best noble metal catalysts. A mechanism is proposed involving the direct attack of an iron trans-dihydride on carbon dioxide, followed by ligand exchange and dihydrogen coordination.     

Micelle-hosted palladium nanoparticles catalyze citral molecule hydrogenation in supercritical carbon dioxide

A new approach of employing metal particles in micelles for the hydrogenation of organic molecules in the presence of fluorinated surfactant and water in supercritical carbon dioxide has very recently been introduced. This is allegedly to deliver many advantages for carrying out catalysis including the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a greener solvent. Following this preliminary account, the present work aims to provide direct visual evidence on the formation of metal microemulsions and to investigate whether metal located in the soft micellar assemblies could affect reaction selectivity. Synthesis of Pd nanoparticles in perfluorohydrocarboxylate anionic micelles in scCO2 is therefore carried out in a stainless steel batch reactor at 40 degrees C and in a 150 bar CO2/H2 mixture. Homogeneous dispersion of the microemulsion containing Pd nanoparticles in scCO2 is observed through a sapphire window reactor at W0 ratios (molar water-to-surfactant ratios) ranging from 2 to 30. It is also evidenced that the use of micelle assemblies as new metal catalyst nanocarriers could indeed exert a great influence on product selectivity. The hydrogenation of a citral molecule that contains three reducible groups (aldehyde, double bonds at the 2,3-position and the 6,7-position) is studied. An unusually high selectivity toward citronellal (a high regioselectivity toward the reduction of the 2,3-unsaturation) is observed in supercritical carbon dioxide. On the other hand, when the catalysis is carried out in the conventional liquid or vapor phase over the same reaction time, total hydrogenation of the two double bonds is achieved. It is thought that the high kinetic reluctance for double bond hydrogenation of the citral molecule at the hydrophobic end (the 6,7-position) is due to the unique micelle environment that is in close proximity to the metal surface in supercritical carbon dioxide that guides a head-on attack of the molecule toward the core metal particle.     

超临界二氧化碳介质中的过渡金属催化反应

主要综述了以超临界二氧化碳作为反应介质的过渡金属催化加氢、羰基化、Heck和Stille反应的最新研究进展。     

铁钴双金属催化剂上二氧化碳加氢合成低碳烯烃

研究了常压下铁钴双金属催化剂上二氧化碳催化加氢合成低碳烯烃的反应,考察了钴含量、反应温度对二氧化碳转化率、产物选择性的影响。结果表明,钴的添加有利于铁的碳化,提高了二氧化碳转化率,降低了一氧化碳选择性,提高了甲烷选择性,适量钴的添加促进了二氧化碳向烃的转化。在铁钴摩尔比６７∶３３,反应温度３５０℃,反应空速５０００ｍｌｇ－１ｈ－１条件下,二氧化碳转化率达到２８１％,Ｃ＋２选择性达到１１６％,烯烷比５     

二氧化碳甲烷化机理的研究(英文)

首先对二氧化碳甲烷化的二种机理进行了回顾,并对这二种机理存在的可能性进了探讨。结果表明,二氧化碳甲烷化经过一氧化碳加氢的可能性不大,而经过甲酸根中间体加氢的可能性极大。同时对在一氧化碳与二氧化碳共存时,一氧化碳对二氧化碳甲烷化的影响进行了动力学分析。     

离子液体/超临界二氧化碳两相体系在有机合成中的应用

介绍了近年来在离子液体/超临界二氧化碳两相体系中进行有机合成的最新进展, 包括烯烃氢甲酰化反应、酶催化反应、二氧化碳和环氧化物的环加成反应、烯烃环氧化反应、烯烃不对称二羟化反应、氢化反应、Heck反应、醇氧化反应、烯烃氢乙烯化反应、烯烃二聚反应等.     

Acetophenone hydrogenation over a Pd catalyst in the presence of H2O and CO2

The addition of carbon dioxide and water enhances acetophenone hydrogenation activity over an activated carbon-supported palladium catalyst, and 1-phenylethanol can be easily recovered without distillation and neutralization. Two liquid phases (water and acetophenone) are indispensable for enhancement of the hydrogenation rate.