纳米尖晶石LixMn2O4的制备与电化学性能表征

Nano-spinel Li_xMn₂O₄(0.6 ≤x≤ 1.0) was synthesized by two steps of coprecipitation and calcination. The influences of calcination temperature, time and Li/Mn ratio on the crystal structure and the particle size of Li_xMn₂O₄ were investigated. It was shown that the higher the calcination temperature, the more complete the crystal structure, and the larger the particle size. Moreover, the influence of calcination time on the crystal structure was insignificant when it was more than 3h at 700℃. With the increase of x in Li_xMn₂O₄ in the range of 0.6～1.0, the d111 and lattice parameter a increased first and then decreased. The electrochemical properties of nano-spinel LiMn₂O₄ using as cathode material of lithium-ion battery were studied. The low discharge capacity might be due to the irreversible capacity loss brought by the large surface area and lattice vacancies of the nano-spinel.     

纳米微孔NixZn(1-x)Fe2O4的水热合成研究

０引言尖晶石型铁酸盐是一类重要的磁性材料，它可用于防止电磁波辐射设备以及隐身材料中的吸波剂犤１，２犦，具有价格低廉、吸波性能优良的特点。同时尖晶石型铁酸盐也是一类重要的催化剂，９０年代初又发现了氧缺位的该类化合物具有将CO２还原为C的优良催化性能犤３犦。因此，有关铁酸盐的制备及性能研究一直是化学工作者和材料科学工作者感兴趣的领域。随着新的合成方法的不断涌现，对传统铁氧体材料进行结构改造以提高其性能是一个重要的研究发展方向，本文采用模板剂造孔技术，首次在NixZn（１－x）Fe２O４水热合成中选用模板剂，…     

Mn2O3纳米结构的简易合成与电化学性质

用简易的室温或水热方法制备出不同形貌的MnCO₃微结构。经600 ℃热处理后,室温制备MnCO₃转变成Mn₂O₃胶体片,而水热制备MnCO₃样品则形成多孔Mn₂O₃纳米结构。然而,室温制备MnCO₃经120 ℃热处理后形成Mn₂O₃晶相。制备样品经过XRD和SEM表征表明,热处理MnCO₃前驱物形成Mn₂O₃过程导致产物形貌与结构变化。其形成机理又通过TEM和FTIR进一步研究。Mn₂O₃纳米结构的电容性质通过循环伏安法表征,结果表明Mn₂O₃形貌与结构对其电容有重要影响。     

Li1.02Cr0.1Mn1.9O4表面包覆的热稳定性研究

Improvement of elevated-temperature performance of Li_1.02Cr_0.1Mn_1.9O₄ cathode material by silicious surface modification was studied. The Li_1.02Cr_0.1Mn_1.9O₄ cathode material was treated by silanes coupling agent and then heated at 580 ℃ to remove organic material. The structures of the modified and unmodified Li_1.02Cr_0.1Mn_1.9O₄ were characterized by SpectraPlus, SEM and XRD. The results show that the surface layer of Li_1.02Cr_0.1Mn_1.9O₄ material is found to be rich in silicious compound. X-ray diffraction show that all the samples have perfect spinel structure. The electrochemical characterization of modified Li_1.02Cr_0.1Mn_1.9O₄ cathode material was tested. The cycle stability of charge/discharge at 55℃ is improved. The results of the charge/discharge curves show that the modified Li_1.02Cr_0.1Mn_1.9O₄ has better performance than those unmodified according to the inhibition of decline of reversible capacity of spinel Li_1.02Cr_0.1Mn_1.9O₄. Therefore, cycle performance is improved so obviously that 86.03% of the initial capacity is preserved after 100 cycles.     

MgFe2O4纳米粉体的水热合成及其表征(英)

MgFe₂O₄ nanoparticles were hydrothermally synthesized at 150 ℃ using iron nitrate [Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O], magnesium nitrate [Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂O] and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as starting materials by carefully controlling the reaction conditions. The influences of several factors such as presence or absence of Na⁺, molar ratio of Fe³⁺ / Mg²⁺, concentration of mental ions, temperature and reaction time on resultant products were investigated in the hydrothermal process. The sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and its magnetic properties were measured using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM).     

离子交换法制备层状LixNi0.3Mn0.7O2正极材料及其离子交换规律的研究

通过共沉淀法高温固相反应在空气气氛中合成出具有P2型结构特征的碱青铜前驱体Na_0.66Ni_0.3Mn_0.7O₂，研究了在4种不同离子交换条件下进行离子交换反应得到目标正极材料Li_xNi_0.3Mn_0.7O₂的离子交换规律，并用XRD、SEM、粒度分析和电性能测试考察了目标正极材料及其前驱体的结构、形貌和电化学性能。结果表明，以熔融LiNO₃为介质于300 ℃离子交换4h反应进行得最为完全，离子交换率达98 %，且目标正极材料具有较完善的O2型层状结构，在2.6～2.9 V存在唯一的充放电平台，循环过程中未发现向尖晶石相转变；而离子交换时间过长，目标正极材料将出现尖晶石相而影响其放电容量和循环稳定性。     

Li2CO3、NiO和电解MnO2合成高容量LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4及其表征

Well-developed crystalline LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ was prepared by solid-state reaction using Li₂CO₃, NiO and electrolytic MnO₂ at high heating and cooling rate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images showed that LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ synthesized at 900 ℃ and 950 ℃ had cubic spinel structure with clearly defined shape. LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ spinel phase decomposed at 1 000 ℃ accompanying with structural and morphological degradation. TG measurement revealed that the weight loss during heating process could be mostly gained in cooling process, and the upward tendency of weight loss during heating process decreased, while that of irreversible weight loss rapidly increased with the increase of temperature. LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ powders prepared at 900 ℃ for 12 h delivered the maximum discharge capacity of 134 mAh·g^-1 with good cyclic performance at 2/7 C. In addition, by adjusting the calcination time at 900 ℃, the capacity and cycling performance of LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ were further enhanced.     

正极材料LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的合成及性能

采用低温固相法制备镍锰复合草酸盐，煅烧后生成的镍锰复合氧化物与Li₃CO₃混合，在空气中于700 ℃反应12 h，得到LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄。通过XRD，SEM和恒电流充放电测试对样品进行了表征。XRD结果表明：复合草酸盐经390 ℃煅烧3 h，生成了多相氧化物；合成的LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄为纯相，具有立方尖晶石结构。电化学测试结果表明，合成的样品在室温和高温(55 ℃)下，具有较好的电化学性能；大电流充放电时，具有良好的循环性能。     

LixNi0.5Co0.5O2的态密度计算及电化学性能研究

>为获得综合性能更好的锂离子二次电池正极材料, 分析了Co掺杂对Li_xNiO₂电化学性能的影响. 采用密度泛函DFT理论对Li_xNiO₂和Li_xNi_0.5Co_0.5O₂的平均放电电压和态密度进行了计算. 同时, 用共沉淀法制备了Li_xNiO₂和Li_xNi_0.5Co_0.5O₂锂离子二次电池正极材料, 并对其进行了XRD结构分析和恒流充放电测试. 实验和计算结果表明: 随锂离子嵌入正极(电池放电), 电池的电压逐渐降低, 材料的态密度峰向低能量方向移动; 与Li_xNiO₂相比, Li_xNi_0.5Co_0.5O₂的电压平台相对较高(当0.25≤x≤0.5), 而且在Li^＋嵌/脱时, Li_xNi_0.5Co_0.5O₂的结构变化相对较小; Co离子的掺入, 减小了NiO₆八面体的畸变度, 使材料的电化学稳定性得以提高. 在钴掺杂镍酸锂体系中, NiO₆和CoO₆具有相互的稳定作用.     

LiMn2O4表面包覆Li4Ti5O12的制备及倍率特性

采用固相法合成了尖晶石型LiMn₂O₄，并通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同物质的量的百分比含量Li₄Ti₅O₁₂包覆的正极材料。X-射线衍射和扫描电镜结果表明，Li₄Ti₅O₁₂微粒包覆在LiMn₂O₄的表面没有产生晶体结构的变化。实验电池在室温下，以1C，2C和5C倍率作充放电循环测试；结果表明，与未包覆的LiMn₂O₄相比，表面包覆Li₄Ti₅O₁₂微粒的正极材料在高倍率下具有更好的循环稳定性。     

工艺参数对o-LiMnO2相纯度及Li1.6Mn1.6O4合成的影响及作用（英文）

以MnSO4,KMnO4及LiOH为原料,经水热处理后得到LiMnO2,再由固相焙烧得到尖晶石相Li1.6Mn1.6O4,酸洗处理后得到锂离子筛。研究了水热温度,氧气和MnO4-/Mn2+的物质的量之比(nMnO4∶nMn^2+)对所得LiMnO2的组成及相应前驱体Li1.6Mn1.6O4酸处理中Mn溶损率的影响。开路电势测量及化学分析表明,氧气会参与反应。若按照理论氧化剂用量nMonO4∶nMn^2+=1∶4进行水热反应会导致杂质Li2MnO3和LiMn2O4的生成。若控制水热温度为160℃,nMnO4∶nMn^2+=1∶6时可得到纯相正交LiMnO2(o-LiMnO2)。所得离子筛在高镁锂比盐湖卤水中Li+吸附容量可达42.87 mg·g^-1,且对Li+具有优异的选择吸附性并遵循化学吸附过程。经过5个循环后吸附容量保持在37.21 mg·g^-1,锰溶损率降至0.34%。     

Solvothermal Synthesis of Superfine Li1−xMn2O4−σ Powders

Superfine Li_1−xMn₂O_4−σ powders were successfully synthesized by the alcohol-thermal method using 0.01 mol of MnO₂, 0.01mol of LiOH·H₂O, and 0.06mol of NaOH as starting materials at 160-200°C. The products are characterized by XRD, TEM, ED, BET, and ICP. Results show that the Li_0.74Mn₂O_3.74 powder prepared at 200°C has an average size of 180 nm with BET surface areas of 16.44 m²/g. A possible formation mechanism is proposed. It was concluded that the alcohol acts not only as the solvent but also as the reducing agent in the synthesis of Li_1−xMn₂O_4−σ powders. The effects of reaction temperature and the contents of NaOH and LiOH on the formation of single phase Li_1−xMn₂O_4−σ were investigated.     

Li4Mn5O12包覆对三元正极材料结构和性能的影响

LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂具有很高的理论比容量,但是三元正极材料在高电压下长循环时,其表面结构发生较大的衰退,导致电池的循环性能和倍率性能变差。本文采用耐高电压且结构稳定的富锂尖晶石Li₄Mn₅O₁₂包覆LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂可以有效改善材料的电化学性能。通过XRD、SEM、XPS和TEM等手段对包覆后的材料进行分析,证实了在LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂的表面形成了10nm厚的均匀Li₄Mn₅O₁₂的包覆层;在循环100圈后,包覆后的LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂仍...     

Preparation of Mn2O3 and Mn3O4 nanofibers via an electrospinning technique

Thin PVA/manganese acetate composite fibers were prepared by using sol-gel processing and electrospinning technique. After calcinations of the above precursor fibers, Mn₂O₃ and Mn₃O₄ nanofibers with a diameter of 50-200 nm could be successfully obtained. The fibers were characterized by TG-DTA, Scanning electron microscopy, FT-IR, WAXD, respectively. The results showed that the crystalline phase and morphology of nanofibers were largely influenced by the calcination temperature.     

MgAl2O4尖晶石对锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4的循环性能影响研究

MgAl₂O₄ spinel doping into cathode materials LiMn₂O₄ was used to improve the cyclic performance of the cathode. X-ray analysis results showed, when MgAl₂O₄ precursors were mixed with LiMn₂O₄ and sintered at 770 ℃ for 12 hour, MgAl₂O₄-LiMn₂O₄ mulriple spinel with the same physical characteristics as pure LiMn₂O₄ were synthesized. The electro-chemical performance testing showed, comparing with pure LiMn₂O₄, the first charge-discharge capacity of doping materials somewhat reduced, but the cyclic performance improved. The mechanism for doping material was also discussed.