Sharing and Compatibility Study between Fixed Service Using High Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) and Other Services in the 31/28 GHz Bands

In the World Radiocommunication Conference 2000 (WRC-2000), use of the 31 GHzand 28 GHz bands was permitted for the fixed service (FS) by using highaltitude platform stations (HAPS) in some countries. This paper examines thesharing and compatibility of the HAPS-based FS with the other services usingthe same and adjacent frequency bands and establishes the conditions of thecoexistence with those services. Feasibility of dynamic channel assignment(DCA) scheme among the different communication systems to facilitate thecoexistence is also studied.     

Capacity of the WCDMA System Using High Altitude Platform Stations

In this paper, we provide a method to estimate the capacity of the wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) scheme using High Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS), and demonstrate the results. This is to validate that the HAPS system is one of the most effective solutions to provide high quality wireless communication services, such as IMT-2000 services. We use a practical system model which describes the HAPS system most appropriately, and this leads to realistic estimation results. We estimate the reverse and forward link capacity of the HAPS WCDMA system and compare it to that of the terrestrial system. The estimation results show that the capacity of the HAPS WCDMA system is about 1.2–1.67 times larger than that of the terrestrial system.     

基于高空平台站通信的三状态马尔科夫信道模型

信道是设计一个通信系统需要考虑的重要因素。介绍了高空平台站通信的概况,提出了一种基于三状态马尔科夫过程的高空平台站通信信道模型。利用数值分析的方法给出了郊区和森林衰落环境下接收信号功率的概率密度函数和系统的误比特率,并与仿真结果进行了分析和比较。对于当前高空通信平台的开发和研究等方面具有重要意义。     

Adaptive Coding and Modulation for Mobile Wireless Access Via High Altitude Platforms

In this paper we are concerned with broadband wireless access via high altitude platform system, providing the Internet access and broadband multimedia services to passengers equipped with WLAN terminals connecting through a collective terminal mounted on the train. The main challenge in such scenario is the development of efficient and reliable radio interface for the broadband communication link in the mobile wireless access segment. We are focusing on performance analysis of the adaptive coding and modulation scheme in the communication link between a high altitude platform and a collective terminal on-board moving train. In order to increase the reliability of the communication system in a fading environment we also exploit space and platform diversity. The proposed approach significantly increases the throughput of the wireless access system, while bit error rate remains below the target value regardless of the considered propagation environment.Tomaz Javornik received his B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, in 1987, 1990 and 1993, respectively. He joined the Jozef Stefan Institute in 1987, where he currently works as a researcher in the Department of Digital Communications and Networks. He is involved in the study of digital radio-relay systems, modulation techniques, coding, adaptive signal processing and digital mobile communication systems.Mihael Mohorcic received B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, in 1994, 1998 and 2002, respectively, and M.Phil. degree in Electrical Engineering from University of Bradford, UK, in 1998. He is a research fellow in the Department of Digital Communications and Networks at the Jozef Stefan Institute. In 1996/1997 he spent 12 months as a Visiting Scientist at University of Bradford, Bradford, UK. His research interests include development and performance evaluation of network protocols and architectures for mobile and wireless communication systems, and resource management in satellite and high altitude platforms networks with the emphasis on routing algorithms and traffic engineering. He is a member of IEEE.Ales Svigelj received his B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia, in 1997, 2000 and 2003 respectively. He is a research associate in the Department of Digital Communications and Networks at the Jozef Stefan Institute. In 2000/2001 he spent one year as a visiting researcher at Leeds Metropolitan University in Leeds, UK. He has participated in several national and international projects. His research interests concern the development of telecommunications systems, network protocols and architectures for satellite, high altitude platforms and terrestrial mobile communication systems. In 2004 he was awarded with The Jozef Stefan Golden Emblem Prize for outstanding contributions made to science in Doctoral theses in the field of natural sciences in Slovenia.Igor Ozimek received his B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia in 1980, 1988 and 1993, respectively. Since 1980 he has been with the Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, where he works as a researcher. His current interests include digital communications,DSP processing and computer networks.Gorazd Kandus received B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia, in 1971, 1974 and 1991, respectively. He is currently the head of the Department of Digital Communications and Networks at the Jozef Stefan Institute and a Professor at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Maribor. He spent one year at Worchester Polytechnic Institute, Worchester, MA, as a Fulbright Fellow and 5 months as a Visiting Scientist at the University of Karlsruhe, Germany. His main research interests include design and simulation of mobile and wireless communication systems and development of new telecommunication services. He is a member of IEEE and Upsilon Pi Epsilon.     

无人机双余度MPC5554飞控计算机

为了提高无人机飞控计算机的可靠性,结合工程实践,设计了一种双余度飞行控制计算机系统。该系统在以MPC5554处理器为核心的飞控计算机基础上,加入一套硬件相同且功能相同的飞控计算机并添加少量硬件及软件模块,以较小成本大大提高飞控计算机的可靠性。该方法实施简单、成本低、易移植,较工程化,具有较好的通用性。     

四旋翼无人机飞行控制系统设计研究

根据模块化思想分别对四旋翼无人机[1]硬件系统的控制器模块、传感器模块、电源模块、执行机构模块以及遥控器模块[2-3]进行了详细的阐述,并给出了相应的电路设计。根据硬件系统所需的要求设计了飞行控制系统软件方案总体流程图,最后根据图形化语言LabVIEW设计了一套基于四旋翼无人机飞行控制系统的显示界面用来实时采集四旋翼无人机飞行器姿态角的数据[4],通过转台实验分析证明,文中所设计四旋翼无人机飞行控制系统满足最初预期效果,为进一步研究奠定了理论基础。     

无人机飞行过程中信号弱区的分析

无人机在实际飞行过程中，在某些区域总会出现通信误码率较高甚至失锁的现象。通过分析无人机链路的信道特点，利用两径传播模型分析了信号电平衰落的分布和深衰落担度，并用MATLAB对此模型进行了仿真。仿真数据与工程经验数据进行了比较，结果表明此模型能够很好的解释飞行弱区这种现象，也进一步验证了该模型的适用性。     

无人机飞行试验调试装置设计

设计了一种无人机飞行试验调试装置.利用DSP、XBee Pro(无线模块)和上位机等来实现上行数据的发送和下行数据的显示及存储.分析了调试装置各个模块的功能,对该装置进行了硬件设计,应用CCS和VB软件为开发平台,对DSP串口通讯和调参软件等进行了相应的程序设计.对系统进行了调试,结果表明,调试装置很好地实现了系统所要...     

无人作战飞机自主攻击非线性控制器设计

针对无人作战飞机自主攻击过程高精度、大迎角以及飞行状态快速变化等飞行控制需求, 采用反步控制设计非线性控制器。依据飞行器六自由度方程建立非线性控制模型, 利用奇异摄动原理将速度控制器和姿态控制器设计分离开, 分别利用反步控制原理设计控制器, 采用一阶指令滤波器克服传统反步法带来的“微分爆炸”问题, 最后依据Lyapunov稳定原理证明了控制系统跟踪误差渐近趋近于零。仿真结果表明, 非线性控制器在输入参考信号发生剧烈变化时仍能够实现高精度跟踪控制。     

无人机载PolInSAR城区散射机制初步分析

极化干涉合成孔径雷达（PolInSAR）在城市遥感领域中扮演着重要角色。它能够提高图像的相干性并提高反演结果的精度,所以对于其散射机制的解释往往受到许多研究人员的关注。相关的研究多从极化分解的角度考虑,却少有人从散射中心高度方面进行分析。本文使用Ku波段无人机载极化干涉SAR系统,实现了使用无人机SAR系统对地面进行成像,比较了极化干涉最优分解与Pauli分解作用在不同人造目标时散射中心的关系。我们初步分析了极化干涉SAR的物理意义,并使用C波段的机载极化干涉SAR系统对结论进行验证。     

5G网联无人机管理平台系统架构研究

无人机全球市场在过去十年中大幅增长,现在已经成为商业、政府和消费应用的重要工具。已广泛应用于电力、建筑、能源、公用事业、和农业等诸多领域,成了各国经济增长的亮点。然而受限于通信链路的带宽、延时等多方限制,低空无人机在行业中的应用发展仍受到一定制约。目前,于新一代蜂窝移动通信网络5G为网联无人机赋予的实时超高清图传、远程低时延控制、永远在线等重要能力。基于此,本文通过对基于5G网联无人机管理平台的研究,提出了5G无人机平台架构的发展与演进方向。     

Performance of Multiple High Altitude Platforms using Directive HAP and User Antennas

This paper examines the behaviour of system capacity in High Altitude Platform (HAP) communications systems as a function of antenna directivity and HAP positioning. Antenna models for the user and the HAP are discussed, and it is shown that a flat sidelobe antenna pattern is suitable for modelling multiple HAP constellations when HAPs are located outside the coverage area. Using a single HAP scenario it is shown how narrowing the HAP antenna beamwidth may give better downlink Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (CNR) over the most of the coverage area. The roles of the HAP antenna beamwidth, HAP antenna pointing and HAP spacing radius are investigated. An equation is derived to determine the location of the peak CNR combined with these three parameters. A more complex multiple HAP scenario where all HAP’s operate on the same channel and interfere with each other is also assessed in terms of the Carrier to Interference plus Noise Ratio (CINR) and spectral efficiency. It is shown that locating HAPs at a specific spacing radius that is outside the coverage area can improve performance. Using these techniques the combined bandwidth efficiency is shown to increase almost pro-rata when the number of HAPs is increased up to 16.Guanhua Chen is currently a Ph.D. student in the Department of Electronics, the University of York, and received his BSc from Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, China in 1997. He had been a software engineer in Inventec Electronics (Nanjing) Co. Ltd, implementing DSP algorithm and network protocols in embedded systems for several years. He now participates in CAPANINA, a major European Framework 6 project developing broadband communications from high altitude platforms.David Grace received his ME degree in Electronic Systems Engineering D.Phil degree from the University of York, UK in 1993 and 1999 respectively. His D.Phil thesis dealt with ‘Distributed Dynamic Channel Assignment for the Wireless Environment’. Since 1994 he has been a member of the Communications Research Group at York, where he is now a senior Research Fellow. He has worked on a variety of research contracts including several from the former Defence Evaluation and Research Agency. Current research interests include radio resource management for broadband communications, particularly from high-altitude platform and terrestrial ad hoc networks. He is now Principal Scientific Officer for CAPANINA a major European Framework 6 project that is developing broadband communications from high-altitude platforms. He has been an invited speaker at several conferences and industrial locations in the fields of HAP systems. He is also a nominated Researcher in the European NEWCOM Network of Excellence, and a Director of SkyLARC Technologies Ltd., a York based company, specialising in broadband communications from aerial platforms. He is a member of IEE and IEEE.Tim C. Tozer received his degree in Engineering from the University of Cambridge UK in 1969. He is currently Leader of the Communications Research Group at the University of York, York, UK, and Senior Lecturer in Electronics. Previously, he worked on satellite systems at the UK Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA). Research interests include wireless access techniques, multiuser communications, and high altitude platform (HAP) communications and services. Tim has managed numerous grants and research contracts from industry, government, and international organisations, and is a named author on over 180 technical publications. He is active in the IEE Professional Network on Satellite Systems and Applications, and is a regular invited presenter at international conferences, workshops and tutorials in the fields of VSAT and HAP communications. He is also Managing Director of SkyLARC Technologies Ltd, a company specialising in broadband services from aerial platforms.     

无人机跟踪地面目标制导控制方法

提出了基于自动驾驶仪的无人机跟踪地面目标的制导、控制架构,将"无人机+自动驾驶仪"的组合看作是以滚转角、飞行高度和速度为控制输入的动态系统。在横侧向,相比下一时刻,根据无人机的航迹方位角误差以及无人机与目标点在水平面内相对距离与期望盘旋半径的误差,给出滚转角指令的制导规律,并对制导指令的生成周期进行了研究;对于纵向,为降低目标状态估计对于姿态误差的敏感度,结合传感器分辨率的要求,给出了解算飞行高度指令的方法。无人机六自由度模型的仿真对比表明,所提跟踪制导律相比李亚普诺夫向量场法(LVFG)和切向量场法(TVFG)具有更优的稳定性和准确性。     

Interference Environment Between High Altitude Platform Networks (HAPN), Geostationary (GEO) Satellite and Wireless Terrestrial Systems

A new broadband telecommunication system has been recently proposed for provision of fixed, mobile and personal services adopting the use of high altitude platform stations placed in a fixed position in the stratospheric layer at heights from 15.5 to 30 km. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has allocated a pair of 300 MHz of spectrum in the V band for these services, which is already in use by geostationary satellite and wireless terrestrial systems as co-primary allocations. This paper addresses an in-depth co-channel interference analysis and proposes a C/I (carrier-to-interference) calculation model applicable to all the interference propagation paths as well as sharing criteria between HAPN, GEO satellite and wireless terrestrial systems extracted from simulations performed in urban, suburban and rural environments. By evaluating the interference density cumulative probability distribution functions, sufficient geographical separation distances between the ground stations are proposed which guarantee the harmonic co-existence between the three broadband systems. Maintaining the platform stable in the stratosphere is a key issue, and in this paper the effect of the three different stratospheric platform’s movement models (ITU, HELINET, HALO) appearing in the literature, on C/I levels is estimated.Vasilis F. Milas {received the Diploma in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the National Technical University of Athens, Greece, in 2000. From October 2000 until October 2001 he joined Space Engineering S.P.A in Italy (Rome) as a field practicing engineer where he was mainly involved into the design and realization of satellite telecommunication systems. Since November 2001 he is a member of the Mobile Radiocommunications Laboratory at the National Technical University of Athens working towards his Ph.D. degree with focus on high altitude platform systems and interference characterization on wireless communication systems.Philip Constantinou {received the Diploma in Physics from the National University of Athens in 1972, the Master of Applied Science in Electrical Engineering from the University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada in 1976 and the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering in 1983 from Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. From 1976 to 1979 was with Telesat Canada. In 1980 he joined the Ministry of Communications in Ottawa, Canada. From 1984 to 1989 he was with the National Research Centre Demokritos in Athens, Greece were he was involved on several research projects in the area of Mobile Communications. In 1989 he joined NTUA where he is currently Professor. His current research interests include Mobile Satellite Communications and Interference Problems on Digital Communications Systems.     

基于扰动观测器的机载云台扰动复合补偿方法

针对多旋翼无人机(mUAV)机载云台的扰动补 偿需求,提出一种基于改进的扰动观测器(IDO,improved disturbance observer)的伺服控 制器与减振装 置相结合的复合补偿方法。深入分析了IDO的扰动补偿能力和鲁棒性,构建 了基于IDO的云 台伺服控制结构;依据mUAV机载云台的振动特性,设计出减振装置的结构参数 及安装位置。飞行实验表明, 引入复合补偿方法后,视轴(LOS)指向误差减小到了0.03°,振动隔 离度提高了约15dB。复合补偿方法有效地补偿了机载云 台的扰动,完全满足了mUAV机载云台扰动补偿的需求。     

基于强化学习的无人机电磁干扰感知与抗干扰传输方法

无人机对于无线信道的依赖性和无线传播环境的开放性,导致其通信易受到恶意的电磁干扰。针对其中恶意的信道跟随干扰,在感知干扰信道信息的基础上,将无人机的发射功率和信道选择策略建模为马尔科夫决策过程(Markov Decision Process, MDP),利用强化学习算法对该通信系统的抗干扰方法进行智能优化,提出了基于赢或快学习策略爬山算法(Win or Learn Fast Policy Hill-climbing, WoLF-PHC)的抗干扰算法。仿真结果证明,所提算法能够将用户干信比降低至0.1以下,将用户可达速率在初始值基础上提升14%,与Q学习算法和PHC算法相比具有更好的抗干扰传输性能。     

基于平台摆动模型的平流层CDMA系统呼叫控制方案

本文分析了平流层平台摆动对HAPS-CDMA系统的影响,完善了平台不稳定性的研究,并提出摆动对小区内和对小区间干扰因子的概念,给出此时系统容量的计算方法;提出了一种用户呼叫控制方案,即:处于受平台摆动方向上的中心参考小区边缘用户的信号由相邻的两个基站同时接收的策略,来避免“乒乓切换”,仿真结果说明该方案很好的平衡了系统...     

无人机自组网技术综述与发展展望

无人机自组网(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Ad Hoc Network,UAVANET)主要应用于现代数字科技战场,具备传统无线自组织网络的快速组网、多跳传输和多任务协作等特点,同时拥有更高的抗毁性.无人机自组网能确保网络运行的灵活性和顽健性,但是在实际组网过程中,网络结构和组网方式的不同对作战能力...     

自动测试系统通用测试平台技术研究

随着电子设备测试需求的增高,越来越多的自动测试系统投入到实际应用中,由此带来了多种电子设备测试系统兼容的问题,并造成了一定的资源浪费,因此需要有一种通用的自动测试系统通用测试平台来解决这种问题.本文通过对国外自动测试系统典型通用测试平台的研究提出了一种可灵活二次开发自动测试系统通用平台设计思想,并在某型号航电设备测试系统中得到了较好的应用.     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的无人机定位

无人机的移动定位是应对无人机机动性和应用环境复杂性的关键技术.为解决无人机中的全球定位系统(GPS)信号失效问题,提出了一种通过机载无线射频的接收信号强度解决定位问题的技术,分别采用扩展卡尔曼滤波方法估计距离和最小二乘方法估计路径损耗因子两种处理方法.理论分析和实验测试结果证实所提算法对有色噪声干扰下的接收信号有较好的增强效果,基于80％的置信水平,新算法相对于白噪声模型将估算误差从9.5 m减少到了4 m,还进一步提供了融合惯性导航的算法.