MgF2作为镁离子内扩散LiNbO3单晶扩散源的研究

利用ＭｇＦ₂作为扩散源进行镁离子内扩散ＬｉＮＯ₃单晶基片的研究．经电子探针显微镜分析表明，镁的扩散层镁离子浓度分布具有近似半抛物形和阶跃形分布，并得到镁的激活能为１０４ＫＪ／mol.X射线衍射分析发现，当镁离子内扩散超过一定程度时，在镁的扩散层出现具有ＬｉＮｂ₃Ｏ₈的物相结构，并发现该物相结构的出现与ＬｉＮＯ₃体内锂离子的外扩散和扩散表面氟离子的存在有关．由扫描电子显微镜观察到氟离子以ＬｉＦ的形式出现，并随着扩散程度的增大，挥发和脱离开扩散层表面． 关键词：     

Coherence in holographic interference of equal inclination

The microstructure deformation of a diffused surface occuring between the first and second exposures causes a decrease of visibility in holographic interference of equal inclination. This phenomenon is analyzed, and its applications to the evaluation of a small deformation in the diffused surface and to a fatigue test are suggested.     

光抽运小型铯束频标中光频移的测量与分析

在弥漫激光场抽运斜入射光检测小型铯原子束频标实验系统上 ,对弥漫激光场产生的散射光所引起的光频移 (主要是交流斯塔克移动 )以及光抽运区产生的荧光引起的光频移对铯束频标准确度的影响作了仔细的实验测量 ,并与理论计算结果作了比较分析。测量结果表明在正常工作条件下 ,散射光引起的光频移小于 - 2× 10 -13 ,荧光引起的光频移值在 0 8× 10 -13 左右 ,这样的光频移对小型光抽运铯束频标来说是可以接受的。     

刚性光纤元器件芯,皮玻璃的相互散

通过扫描电子显微镜观察到刚性光纤元器件芯、皮玻璃之间有扩散层,用干涉仪测量了扩散层的折射率范围。本文从玻璃网络结构观点解释了这一扩散机理,并就刚性光纤元器件芯、皮玻璃配方设计中如何使离子扩散减到最小程度提出了可行性措施。     

On the role of group I elements in ZnO

Diffusion of Li, Na and K into single-crystal substrates of ZnO was performed. We compare the results with ZnO epitaxial films doped with the respective elements during growth. The diffused and in-situ doped layers were studied using mass spectroscopy and low temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy. Li and Na are known to produce deep acceptor centers which give rise to shallow donor to deep acceptor recombinations in the visible spectral region. We will demonstrate that shallow acceptors are also introduced, having binding energies around 300 meV. A donor–acceptor pair recombination (zero phonon line at 3.05 eV) with LO phonon replica is observed. We further investigated bulk ZnO crystals which contained the deep Li acceptor by thermal treatments under H₂ atmospheres. With increasing annealing temperature shallow donors are introduced as monitored by EPR while the EPR signal of the neutral Li acceptors decreases. Quite unexpectedly, the shallow Li acceptor centre which is not present in the as-grown state is also created. PACS 71.55.Gs; 78.55.Et; 76.30.Da     

New surface structure analysis of Ag-Si phase by quantitative auger electron spectroscopy method

Ag or Au was deposited on a clean Si substrate at room temperature. These systems, Ag/Si and Au/Si, were annealed at various temperatures or various heating times. Due to the annealing, Ag or Au diffused into Si and/or Si diffused into the metal. The changes of the surface composition are analyzed by a quantitative Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) method which is newly developed as a non-destructive method. In the case of Ag/Si, Ag migrated into the Si substrate and/or Si diffused into Ag. Then, Ag-Si solid solution was produced. After the annealing, the Ag/Si system is changed into Ag/(Ag-Si)/Si of the three-phase structure. In the case of Au/Si (Au film thickness < 15 Å), the Au film thickness became thinner by annealing. The Au/Si system always keeps the Au/Si phase after annealing, while there was no Au-Si solution area. The difference between the Ag/(Ag-Si)/Si and the Au/Si structure is attributed to the reason that Au diffuses more quickly than Ag into the Si substrate. AES results after annealing cannot be explained by the model of the formation of the three-dimensional island structure which is commonly referenced.     

气溶胶前向散射大气能见度测量系统传递系数的标定及校准方法

分析了气溶胶的前向角散射特性,利用标准的大气透射仪标定前向散射大气能见度测量系统的传递系数。当系统结构发生变化时,传递系数也随之改变,为保证系统测量的准确性和简化系统传递系数的标定过程,提出了一种利用标准漫透射板校准系统传递系数的方法。该方法使用了两块具有相同透射系数的漫透射板,使气溶胶粒子团在前向半球上产生漫散射,此时探测器的测量值即为包含了仪器常数的定值。当系统结构改变时,这个测量值相对于原测量值的变化率作为比例系数代入系统传递系数的计算,实现校准。     

Surface plasmon dispersion relation for spherical metal particles

Using the hydrodynamical model, we have obtained the surface plasmon dispersion relation for spherical metallic particles in the following two cases: (1) a sharp surface cut off in electron density and (2) a diffused electron density at the surface. The diffused density is modelled with a step function. The diffuse nature of the electron density at surface of the metal particle is necessary to understand the experimental result for particles with small radii. Shift in the absorption frequency is estimated and found to be small.     

扩散平板光波导的等效阶跃平板波导方法

本文引入一种研究扩散光波导传播特性及设计计算的新方法——等效阶跃平板波导方法.建立了扩散平板光波导的等效阶跃平板波导模型,进行了一系列的模拟计算,得出了一系列波导传播参量、结构参量与工艺参量之间的关系曲线.这些曲线对于扩散平板光波导的设计计算、工艺参量选择等具有重要指导意义.     

氧气氛中p-GaN/Ni/Au电极在相同温度不同合金时间下的欧姆接触形成机制和扩散行为

用卢瑟福背散射/沟道技术研究了p-GaN上的Ni/Au电极在氧气氛下相同合金温度(500℃)不同合金时间后的微结构演化,以揭示欧姆接触的形成机制.利用背散射随机谱和RUMP模拟程序研究了电极金属之间的互扩散,用沟道谱探测了电极金属中的氧分布.结合不同合金时间下比接触电阻ρ_c的变化,发现随着合金时间的延长比接触电阻持续降低,在合金时间60 s后降低的速度减慢, Au扩散到GaN的表面,在p-GaN上形成外延结构,O向电极内部扩散反应生成NiO对降低ρ_{关键词： GaN 卢瑟福背散射/沟道 欧姆接触}     

Effect of the diffused charge distribution in the analysis of β-decays

The uniform charge distribution inside a nucleus is re-examined by using a diffused charge distribution, which reduces to the uniform charge distribution when the thickness is taken to be zero. Electron radial wave functions and ft values of superallowed Fermi transitions are discussed in terms of these two different charge distributions.     

Effect of metal diffusion into polycrystalline 6H–SiC prior to its anodization on luminescence response

p-Type porous SiC layers were fabricated by anodization of resistive p-type 6H–SiC samples using HF/ethylene glycol solution. Thin films of lithium (Li) and aluminum (Al) as donor and acceptor elements were vacuum deposited and diffused onto SiC substrates prior to anodization. The aim of this work is to investigate the properties of the nanoporous SiC layer formed by this method and to deduce the effect of diffused lithium as donor and Al as acceptor atoms on their photoluminescence response (PL). The profile distribution of lithium and aluminum diffused atoms was carried out using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The photoluminescence spectra of the anodized Al-diffused samples exhibit a broad emission band centered at about 475 nm, while the Li-diffused samples exhibit luminescence with one broad peak located at 655 nm, attributed to Li-related defect centers. In addition, the PL intensity of lithium diffused samples varies with varying the etching time. Finally, the results are expected to have important applications in modern optoelectronic devices and electrode materials of lithium batteries.     

双扩散参量二极管的串联电阻及截止频率

本文为前文的继续。文中,更普遍地讨论了双扩散参量二极管的串联电阻及截止频率,所用处理方法及结果直接包括单扩散情况在内。指出:若材料很厚(w>>r),这时采用单扩散法是适当的,但当材料减薄时就应采用双扩散法,以便进一步有效地提高f_c。     

Grain boundary sites in fcc metals studied by PAC

Perturbed angular correlation of gamma rays (PAC) is applied to study the atomic structure of grain boundaries (gb) in fcc metals using nuclear quadrupole interactions.¹¹¹In probes were diffused in samples of Au, Cu, Ni and Pt which had first been annealed to form high-angle gbs. Diffusions were carried out at such low temperatures that only gb diffusion should occur (Harrison's type-C kinetic regime), and measurements were made after removing any residual surface activity. For three Pt samples, a unique signal attributed to a gb site was detected with a site fraction of about 50%, coupling frequency ₁=80.0(2) Mrad/s and electric-field-gradient asymmetry parameter =0. A Pt sample of 99.9995% purity exhibited much less inhomogeneous signal broadening than 99.998% pure samples, indicating the level of purity necessary to observe the gb sites via quadrupole interactions. The broadening is attributed to gb segregation. For Au, Cu and Ni, only ill-defined, non-unique signals were detected, apparently because of gb segregation. The small broadening in the high-purity Pt sample indicates a high degree of uniformity in the crystal structure of the high-angle gb sites. The large site fraction of the 80 Mrad/s signal demonstrates the dominance of a single site for Cd probes in high-angle gbs.     

Reconstruction de la forme de polarisation par holographie

With a reference beam diffused by a depolarizing diffuser, we reconstruct holographically the polarization form which existed at each object point.     

混沌介质光学常数测量

对基于漫射理论并应用CCD相机测量混沌介质的光学常数进行了实验研究.提出采用漫射中心环带约束法来提高逆向求解光学常数的精确性,以及采用在通过光的入射点和漫射中心的直线上截取一维原始数据的方法来提高算法的计算效率.以Intralipid脂肪乳剂作为混沌介质,对方法进行了实验验证.结果表明,本文提出的方法是可行的.     

Losses in diffused optical waveguides

It has been shown that the attenuation characteristics of TE modes in diffused waveguides are different from those of a conventional slab. A simple semiempirical analysis is performed on the base of a ray-optics picture assuming a parabolic index distribution. Analytical expressions for surface scattering and volume loss are derived. The analysis precisely describes the modal loss behaviour of Ag⁺ ion-exchanged waveguides in glass (new results) and Nb diffused waveguides in LiTaO₃ (data reported by other authors).     

Photoreflectance characterization of CdTe thin films grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy on GaAs(100)

CdTe films have been grown on top of GaAs(100) by means of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) at 300 °C substrate temperature. Different procedures for the CdTe growth and for the preparation of the GaAs substrates resulted in diverse crystalline qualities of the CdTe films. We present the results obtained from PhotoReflectance (PR) measurements of these films employing HeNe and Ar-ion lasers as modulating excitation. For Ar excitation, the ratio of CdTe to GaAs signal strength for the E ₀ transition is enhanced, allowing a differentiation of the contributions from film and substrate. Both the PR line shape and intensity are correlated to the structural quality of the CdTe films. One of the samples presented a below-band-gap transition of the GaAs substrate around 30±5 meV from E ₀ which is attributed to donor states produced by Te atoms diffused in the interface; this result demonstrates the high sensitivity of the photoreflectance technique to the structural properties of interfaces.     

早期声在厅堂中的分布

厅堂内早期反射声能分布与厅堂的容积、体形、吸声布置及接收点的位置等有关,其形成的早期声场与完全扩散声场有较大的差别。因而有关与早期反射声能相关的音质参量在厅堂中的分布情况无法用扩散场的理论来预计。本文通过对四个厅的测量结果,来分析早期反射声能在厅堂中分布的特性。     

用面垒探测器测定n型硅中少数载流子的扩散长度

当α粒子穿入Au-Si面垒探测器的扩散区时,其产生的非平衡少数载流于扩散到势垒边界而被收集,因此在探测器两端有一输出脉冲。本文从理论上计算了扩散区中的收集效率,获得了收集效率和扩散长度的函数关系。另外将实验上测定的收集效率与理论加以比较,从而确定少数载流子的扩散长度。 关键词：