A representation theorem for weak automorphisms of a universal algebra

Given a group G and a descending chainG ₀,G ₁,...,G _n, of normal subgroups ofG, we prove that there exists a universal algebra , such that the chain ...W_n( )...W₁( }) W₀( )W( ) is isomorphic to the chain ...G _n ...G ₁G ₀G, where W( ) is the group of weak automorphisms of , and W_n( ) is the group of weak automorphisms of that leaves alln-ary operations fixed.We also prove that there are an infinite number of non-isomorphic algebras that satisfy the above.These results are a generalization of those proved by J. Sichler, in the special case when G=G₀, and G₁=G₂=...=G_n=....Presented by J. Mycielski.This paper comprises part of the author's doctoral dissertation at the University of Notre Dame in 1983. The author wishes to express her deep gratitude to Professor Abraham Goetz for suggesting this problem, for being extremely generous with his time and experience, and for giving her his constant encouragement. The author also thanks the reviewer for his helpful comments.     

An Improvement of an Inequality of Fiedler Leading to a New Conjecture on Nonnegative Matrices

Suppose that A is an n × n nonnegative matrix whose eigenvalues are = (A), ₂, ..., _n. Fiedler and others have shown that \det( I -A) ⁿ - ⁿ, for all > with equality for any such if and only if A is the simple cycle matrix. Let a _i be the signed sum of the determinants of the principal submatrices of A of order i × i, i=1, ..., n - 1. We use similar techniques to Fiedler to show that Fiedler's inequality can be strengthened to: for all . We use this inequality to derive the inequality that: . In the spirit of a celebrated conjecture due to Boyle-Handelman, this inequality inspires us to conjecture the following inequality on the nonzero eigenvalues of A: If ₁ = (A), ₂,...,_k are (all) the nonzero eigenvalues of A, then . We prove this conjecture for the case when the spectrum of A is real.     

Daugavet type inequalities for operators on L p–spaces

Let T be a regular operator from L ^p L ^p. Then , where T_r denotes the regular norm of T, i.e., T_r=|T| where |T| denotes the modulus operator of a regular operator T. For p=1 every bounded linear operator is regular and T=T_r, so that the above inequality generalizes the Daugavet equation for operators on L ¹–spaces. The main result of this paper (Theorem 9) is a converse of the above result. Let T be a regular linear operator on L _p and denote by T _A the operator T_A. Then for all A with (A)>0 if and only if .     

Convergence of series of translations

For a mean zero norm one sequence (f _n )L ₂[0, 1], the sequence (f _n {nx+y}) is an orthonormal sequence inL ₂([0, 1]²); so if , then converges for a.e. (x, y)[0, 1]² and has a maximal function inL ₂([0, 1]²). But for a mean zerofL ₂[0, 1], it is harder to give necessary and sufficient conditions for theL ₂-norm convergence or a.e. convergence of . Ifc _n 0 and , then this series will not converge inL ₂-norm on a denseG subset of the mean zero functions inL ₂[0, 1]. Also, there are mean zerofL[0, 1] such that never converges and there is a mean zero continuous functionf with a.e. However, iff is mean zero and of bounded variation or in some Lip() with 1/2<1, and if |c _n | = 0(n ^–) for >1/2, then converges a.e. and unconditionally inL ₂[0, 1]. In addition, for any mean zerof of bounded variation, the series has its maximal function in allL _p[0, 1] with 1p<. Finally, if (f _n )L [0, 1] is a uniformly bounded mean zero sequence, then is a necessary and sufficient condition for to converge for a.e.y and a.e. (x _n )[0, 1]. Moreover, iffL [0, 1] is mean zero and , then for a.e. (x _n )[0, 1], converges for a.e.y and in allL _p [0, 1] with 1p<. Some of these theorems can be generalized simply to other compact groups besides [0, 1] under addition modulo one.     

An alternative construction of Conway's ordered field No

An -universally extending ordered field of power is constructed for each regular power where 0 < On and . When is inaccessible, the structure is either a (set) model of J. H. Conway's ordered field No or an isomorphic copy of No depending on whether or not is a set or a proper class.Presented by Jan Mycielski.     

An application of Shoenfield's absoluteness theorem to the theory of uniform distribution

IfC is a Polish probability space, a Borel set whose sectionsW _x ( have measure one and are decreasing , then we show that the set _x W _x has measure one. We give two proofs of this theorem—one in the language of set theory, the other in the language of probability theory, and we apply the theorem to a question on completely uniformly distributed sequences.Supported by DFG grant Ko 490/7-1.     

Die Verteilung der schlichten Funktionen in einem Funktionenraum

We consider the set of regular functions . We construct a Borel measure and a class of outer measures _h onH. With these and _h we show that: (HS)=0 and _h (HS)=0, (S is the set of normed univalent functions). From _h (HS)=0 follows—forh=t —that the Hausdorff—Billingsley-dimension ofHS is zero.     

Convex independent sets and 7-holes in restricted planar point sets

For a finite setA of points in the plane, letq(A) denote the ratio of the maximum distance of any pair of points ofA to the minimum distance of any pair of points ofA. Fork>0 letc (k) denote the largest integerc such that any setA ofk points in general position in the plane, satisfying for fixed , contains at leastc convex independent points. We determine the exact asymptotic behavior ofc (k), proving that there are two positive constants=(), such thatk ^1/3c (k)k ^1/3. To establish the upper bound ofc (k) we construct a set, which also solves (affirmatively) the problem of Alonet al. [1] about the existence of a setA ofk points in general position without a 7-hole (i.e., vertices of a convex 7-gon containing no other points fromA), satisfying . The construction uses Horton sets, which generalize sets without 7-holes constructed by Horton and which have some interesting properties.     

Reversible subsets of certain linear transformations

Summary Suppose U is a set,F is a field of subsets of U, p_AB is the set of all real-valued bounded finitely additive functions defined onF, and for each in p_AB, A()={: in p_AB, absolutely continuous with respect to }. SupposeM is a linear subspace of p_AB such that . A generalisation of a previously discussed collection of linear transformations (see J. London Math. Soc., vol. 44 (1969), pp. 385–396) is treated by letting C_M denote the set to which T belongs iff T is a linear transformation from M into p_AB such that for some K inR and all in M and V inF, . Certain theorems of the aforementioned reference are generalized, as well as one of Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., vol. 199, (1974), pp. 131–140. The principal result of the present paper is the following generalisation of a reversibility characterisation in the first mentioned reference: Theorem: If T is in C_M, then (, T()): in M A(T()) is the only reversible subset T⁰ if T such that: i) the domain M⁰ of T⁰ is a linear subspace of M and , and ii) the range of T⁰ is the range of T.     

Sur l'homotopie rationnelle des espaces fonctionnels

Let X be a nilpotent space such that it exists k1 with H^p (X,) = 0 p > k and H^k (X,) 0, let Y be a (m–1)-connected space with mk+2, then the rational homotopy Lie algebra of Y^X (resp. is isomorphic as Lie algebra, to H^* (X,) (_* (Y) ) (resp.⁺ (X,) (_* (Y) )). If X is formal and Y -formal, then the spaces Y^X and are -formal. Furthermore, if dim _* (Y) is infinite and dim H^* (Y,Q) is finite, then the sequence of Betti numbers of grows exponentially.     

Scalar-quadratic stabilizability of the Petersen counterexample via a linear static controller

A new property called scalar-quadratic is presented for establishing the stabilizability of linear time-varyring uncertain systems. It is applied to a well-known linear time-varying system _OL which contains two uncertainties ₁(t) and ₂(t). Using the Lyapunov functionsV(x)=x ^T Px, whereP is a constant postitive-definite symmetric matrix, previous authors have shown that _OL is stabilizable by linear static controllers when the time-varying uncertainties are bounded by a normalized bound satisfying < 0.8. We extend the bound to < 1.0 by using the more general Lyapunov functions satisfying the scalar-quadratic propertyV(ax)=a ² V(x), aR, xR ₀ ² .Our proof uses a hexagon as a closed, convex hypersuface to construct a scalar-quadratic Lyapunov function, so that the Lyapunov time derivative satisfies the quadratic convergence condition , >0, for the closed-loop system _CL formed from _OL and a stabilizing linear static controller. The critical condition in the proof of the quaratic convergence ondition is the satisfaction of the inequality , where _max is a normalization bound for ₁(t) and ₂(t) and wheree ₁ ande ₂ are parameters for the controller. For the controller parametrized bye ₁=8 ande ₂=20, this inequality reduces to _max < 2.2096. This result, in particular, establishes that the Petersen counterexample is stabilitzable by the linear static controller withe ₁=8 ande ₂=20. Furthermore, it establishes the amazing result that _OL is stabilizable by a linear static controlle on any compact subset of the constant uncertainaty controllability space defined by ₁>0 and ₂>0.     

Random Logistic Maps II. The Critical Case

Let (X _n ) ₀ be a Markov chain with state space S=[0,1] generated by the iteration of i.i.d. random logistic maps, i.e., X _n+1=C _n+1 X _n (1–X _n ),n0, where (C _n ) ₁ are i.i.d. random variables with values in [0, 4] and independent of X ₀. In the critical case, i.e., when E(log C ₁)=0, Athreya and Dai⁽²⁾ have shown that X _n ^P 0. In this paper it is shown that if P(C ₁=1)<1 and E(log C ₁)=0 then(i) X _n does not go to zero with probability one (w.p.1) and in fact, there exists a 0<<1 and a countable set (0,1) such that for all xA(0,1), P _x (X _n for infinitely many n1)=1, where P _x stands for the probability distribution of (X _n ) ₀ with X ₀=x w.p.1. A is a closed set for (X _n ) ₀.(ii) If is the supremum of the support of the distribution of C ₁, then for all xA (a)

Subdifferentials with respect to dualities

LetX andW be two sets and: ¯R^X ¯R^W a duality (i.e., a mapping such that for all and all index setsI). We introduce and study the subdifferential of a function at a pointx _o X, with respect to. We also consider the particular cases when is a (Fenchel-Moreau) conjugation, or a -duality, or a -duality, in the sense of [8].     

The Lattice of Interpretability Types of Cantor Varieties

For integers 1 m < n, a Cantor variety with m basic n-ary operations _i and n basic m-ary operations _k is a variety of algebras defined by identities _k(₁( ), ... , _m( )) = _k and i(₁( ), ... ,_n( )) = y _i, where = (x ₁., ... , x _n) and = (y ₁, ... , y _m). We prove that interpretability types of Cantor varieties form a distributive lattice, , which is dual to the direct product ₁ × ₂ of a lattice, ₁, of positive integers respecting the natural linear ordering and a lattice, ₂, of positive integers with divisibility. The lattice is an upper subsemilattice of the lattice of all interpretability types of varieties of algebras.     

A Necessary and Sufficient Condition for the Existence of Some Ternary [n, k, d] Codes Meeting the Greismer Bound

Let k and d be any integers such that k 4 and . Then there exist two integers and in {0,1,2} such that . The purpose of this paper is to prove that (1) in the case k 5 and (,) = (0,1), there exists a ternary code meeting the Griesmer bound if and only if and (2) in the case k 4 and (,) = (0,2) or (1,1), there is no ternary code meeting the Griesmer bound for any integers k and d and (3) in the case k 5 and , there is no projective ternary code for any integers k and such that 1k-3, where and for any integer i 0. In the special case k=6, it follows from (1) that there is no ternary linear code with parameters [233,6,154] , [234,6,155] or [237,6,157] which are new results.     

Looking for Difference Sets in Groups with Dihedral Images

We prove four theorems about groups with a dihedral (or cyclic) image containing a difference set. For the first two, suppose G, a group of order 2p with p an odd prime, contains a nontrivial (v, k, ) difference set D with order n = k – prime to p and self-conjugate modulo p. If G has an image of order p, then 0 2a + 2 for a unique choice of = ±1, and for a = (k – )/2p. If G has an image of order 2p, then and ( – 1)/( – 1). There are further constraints on n, a and . We give examples in which these theorems imply no difference set can exist in a group of a specified order, including filling in some entries in Smith's extension to nonabelian groups of Lander's tables. A similar theorem covers the case when p|n. Finally, we show that if G contains a nontrivial (v, k, ) difference set D and has a dihedral image D _2m with either (n, m) = 1 or m = p ^t for p an odd prime dividing n, then one of the C ₂ intersection numbers of D is divisible by m. Again, this gives some non-existence results.     

Boundary Asymptotics for Orthogonal Rational Functions on the Unit Circle

Let w() be a positive weight function on the unit circle of the complex plane. For a sequence of points { _k } _{k = 1} included in a compact subset of the unit disk, we consider the orthogonal rational functions _n that are obtained by orthogonalization of the sequence { 1, z / ₁, z ² / ₂, ... } where , with respect to the inner product In this paper we discuss the behaviour of _n (t) for t = 1 and n under certain conditions. The main condition on the weight is that it satisfies a Lipschitz–Dini condition and that it is bounded away from zero. This generalizes a theorem given by Szeg in the polynomial case, that is when all _k = 0.     

Über die Riemannsche Einbettungsgeometrie der Veronesemannigfaltigkeiten

Let E be a n-dimensional euclidean vector space. The subset V _k ⁿ ={x ... x | x E} of ^kE is called a Veronesemanifold. The scalar product of E induces a euclidean structure on ^kE. Passing to the corresponding projective space , one may consider as a riemannian submanifold of the space form . In this paper we study properties of the pair of riemannian manifolds.     

Tritronquée Solutions of Perturbed First Painlevé Equations

We consider solutions of the class of ODEs y=6y ²–x , which contains the first Painlevé equation (PI) for =1. It is well known that PI has a unique real solution (called a tritronquée solution) asymptotic to and decaying monotonically on the positive real line. We prove the existence and uniqueness of a corresponding solution for each real nonnegative 1.