带不同取代基氧鎓盐化合物电子光谱的研究

本工作对几种不同取代氧鎓盐化合物的荧光光谱和荧光猝灭进行研究,发现在液氮温度下,激发的氧鎓盐分子能和作为猝灭剂的电子给体分子在光谱的长波方向发出激基复合物的荧光。在基态条件下,氧鎓盐能和电子给体生成稳定的电荷转移络合物(CTC)。在冻结的条件下,由于激发的络合物不容易解离或减少了某些无辐射衰减的途径,有可能明显地观察到激发的CTC的发光。     

香豆素酮类化合物的瞬态研究——Ⅲ.香豆素酮和碘鎓盐间的电子转移

本工作采用激光闪光光解法对香豆素酮类化合物敏化碘鎓盐化合物问题进行了研究。结果表明:碘鎓盐化合物能通过电子转移机理猝灭香豆素酮的激发三重态。工作中还用甲基紫精(PQ²⁺)为模型化物,观察到它也能使香豆素酮的三重态猝灭,同时可看到在位于610nm处的PQ⁺生成。这些结果说明,在发生电子转移的反应中香豆素酮是电子给体,按Weller公式的计算结果也表明它们之间可发生电子转移反应。     

碘鎓盐/胺光引发聚合体系的初级反应研究

碘鎓盐/胺复合体系,用作自由基光敏聚合的引发剂具有良好的效果^[1],但是关于碘鎓盐和胺相互作用产生有引发活性的自由基的光化学反应机制尚不清楚。     

9-对位取代苯甲叉芴与电子受体相互作用的研究

电子给体(D)和电子受体(A)在基态下所形成的电荷转移络合物(CTC),在有机反应、催化、高分子等的理论及应用研究方面具有重要意义,故受到广泛地注意^[1-2]。分子间形成CTC的过程伴有电荷分布的变化,故往往可观察到与该过程相应的电荷转移吸收光谱。     

半导体纳米粒子在反胶束中的合成及其与芘分子间的跨相电子转移

本文在AOT/异辛烷反胶束中合成了CdS和ZnS半导体纳米粒子。粒子的荧光量子产率随胶束水含量的增大而减小。这可以归结为水含量增大导致胶粒表面Cd²⁺或Zn²⁺离子浓度降低,因为这两种离子在胶粒表面富集有利于形成硫空位,从而增大光生电子-空穴对的发光复合。研究发现,Ag⁺离子可以有效猝灭CdS和ZnS纳米粒子的荧光发射,该猝灭过程可以用Ag⁺离子在胶束中的Poisson分布来描述。以溶解在有机相中的pyrene作电子给体,在光激发下可以向CdS粒子注入电子,而和ZnS粒子间没有电荷转移发生,这可以解释为两种半导体的导带边相对于pyrene激发态氧化电位所处的位置不同。Cu²⁺或Ag⁺离子在ZnS颗粒表面吸附,可以形成Cu_xZn_1-xS或Ag_2xZn_1-xS复合粒子,降低ZnS粒子的导带位置,从而使之能够接受来自pyrene激发态的电子。实验结果证实了这种论点。     

分子内敏化鎓盐的合成及光敏性研究

二芳基碘鎓盐和三芳基硫鎓盐是阳离子聚合的光引发剂和光敏产酸物,但他们在300nm以上的光吸收很低,限制了对紫外光的利用效率。为解决此问题,本文合成了一些新的碘鎓盐和硫鎓盐,并用凝胶时间方法考察了它们的光引发效率。实验结果表明,2-苯硫基甲基,2′,4′-二甲基二苯碘鎓盐和9-蒽丙基,二苯基硫鎓盐具有特别高的光引发效率,这归之于光照时这些鎓盐发生了分子内电荷转移反应,即发生了分子内敏化。9-蒽丙基二苯硫鎓盐分子中的蒽基(An)是电子给体也是敏化基团,光照时可发生如下反应: .     

香豆素衍生物与碘鎓盐间的光诱导电子转移研究

研究了3种碘鎓盐对3种香豆素荧光的猝灭,发现猝灭曲线符合Stern-Volmer方程,并且猝灭过程受扩散控制.研究证实了猝灭的机理是由于发生了光诱导电子转移.通过香豆素衍生物-碘鎓盐体系能在光照下引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体的聚合进一步证实了这种机理.尽管香豆素有较强的分子内电荷转移倾向,但由于碘鎓盐阳离子很强的拉电子能力,它们间还是能发生快速的电子转移.     

敏化光解螉盐的研究——蒽、芘、苝电子转移荧光猝灭

本文采用稳态和瞬态光谱方法研究了四种二苯基碘鎓盐(Ph_2I~+X~-)对蒽、芘、苝的激发态的猝灭作用,通过Stern-Volmer方程确定了它们的光致电子转移速度常数,结果表明Ph_2I~+AsF_6~-对荧光猝灭是最有效的,猝灭过程是扩散控制的。比较荧光强度和荧光寿命测定得到的猝灭常数,表明猝灭是动态过程,敏化剂与鎓盐间没有基态复合物生成。     

电荷转移复合物和光诱导电荷转移聚合

讨论了电子受体和给体的强弱与形成基态、激发态电荷转移复合物的性质、类型等的关系。着重讨论了氧与有机化合物分子形成的接触电荷转移复合物及烯类单体与电子给体或受体形成的光诱导电荷转移复合物。讨论了使烯类单体发生光诱导电荷转移聚合和电子给体的分子结构对它的影响;并从形成激基复合物的观点对自由基阻聚剂酚噻嗪在光照下失去阻聚能力作了解释。     

聚酰亚胺的电荷转移研究

用量子化学从头计算方法,选用模型化合物对二种不同聚酰亚胺结构单元的基态和激发态的电荷分布、偶极矩和跃迁能进行了研究,并通过对聚酰亚胺荧光光谱的测定,探讨了二种聚酰亚胺形成电荷转移络合物的差异.结果表明,二种酰亚胺环在基态时均已发生了较大的电荷转移,但在激发态,只有4,4′-二氨三苯胺构成的酰亚胺环才发生进一步的电荷转移.     

荧烷染料的光诱导显色反应和机制的研究

荧烷染料是一类重要的功能性染料,广泛地应用于热敏和压敏记录材料.通常采用在酸作用下,使荧烷染料发生显色反应,由内酯环结构的无色体生成开环结构的有色体.并且通过吨环上不同取代基得到各种色调.荧烷染料有色体不稳定,在一般有机介质中容易发生褪色反应,使得荧烷染料作为记录介质普遍存在着色稳定性差、保存期短的缺点.为了改善有色体的稳定性,人们进行了大量的工作^[1-3],但均未取得重要进展.考虑到荧烷染料母核上带有烷胺基取代基,具有电子给体特性,有可能通过电子转移反应的途径进行显色反应.实现这种电子转移显色过程的关键问题是选择合适的电子受体.为此采用盐类化合物如碘盐和硫盐作为电了受体,因为它们容易和不同电子给体组成电子转移光敏反应体系^[4-6].因此,本文研究了以荧烷染料为电子给体和碘盐为电子受体的光致电子转移显色反应,并提出了显色反应机制.     

吩噻嗪席夫碱可见光引发剂的合成与性能

利用吩噻嗪衍生物的供电子能力及紫外吸收强的特点, 通过引入推-拉电子结构, 设计并合成了4种D-π-A型吩噻嗪席夫碱类可见光引发剂, 并利用核磁共振氢谱和高分辨质谱表征了其结构. 该系列光引发剂在350~450 nm范围内具有摩尔消光系数达10⁴ L·mol^-1·cm^-1的较强吸收, 与商品化Ⅱ型可见光引发剂硫杂蒽酮（ITX）相比, 其与405 nm LED光源具有更好的匹配性, 与碘鎓盐（Iod）组成的复合光引发体系也具有更高的引发效率和交联基团转化率. 通过光解、 电子自旋共振波谱和循环伏安（CV）实验证明了吩噻嗪席夫碱可见光引发剂与Iod复合光引发体系的光致电子转移（PET）机理. 最后, 利用吩噻嗪席夫碱可见光引发剂/碘鎓盐复合引发体系, 实现了光致发光器件的数字光处理（DLP）3D打印.     

芘四硫酸四钠盐/甲基紫精复合物光物理性质的研究

本文通过吸收光谱滴定和时间分辨瞬态吸收光谱对芘四硫酸四钠盐(pyrenetetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt,PyTS)/甲基紫精(methylviologen,MV²⁺)复合物在水溶液中的光物理性质进行研究。用甲基紫精滴定芘四硫酸四钠盐时,得到该复合物的组成成份是1:1,反之,用芘四硫酸四钠盐滴定甲基紫精时,同样得到1:1组成成份的复合物。该复合物的形成常数是2.4×10⁶mol^-1·L,当用光激发该复合物时,发现其中存在芘四硫酸四钠盐到甲基紫精的电子转移过程,并得到该过程的动力学模型。     

THE FORMATION OF HYDRATED ELECTRONS FROM THE EXCITED STATE OF INDOLE DERIVATIVES

Abstract— –Hydrogen atoms can be observed in u.v. irradiated aqueous solutions of indole derivatives. These H' atoms are produced in a reaction between H⁺ and solvated electrons which are formed in the excited state of indole. Protons are also known to be good quenching agents for the fluorescence of indole. However the pH dependence and effect of oxygen on the yield of hydrogen atoms indicates clearly that although both fluorescence and electron ejection originate in the excited singlet state the fluorescence quenching by protons is not caused by a transfer of electronic charge from the excited ring to H⁺. The temperature dependencies of both fluorescence and electron ejection yield an abnormally large "activation energy". It is proposed that this temperature dependence is to a large extent determined by a process characteristic of water as a solvent.     

ELECTRON TRANSFER FROM THE EXCITED STATE OF TYROSINE TO COMPOUNDS CONTAINING DISULFIDE LINKAGES

Abstract— The flash photolysis of aqueous solutions of tyrosine has been studied in the presence of various concentrations of the cyclic disulfide sodium lipoate (thioctic acid, Na⁺ salt). In addition to the formation of phenoxyl radicals and hydrated electrons (and possibly H atoms) from the photoionization of tyrosine, the characteristic spectrum of the radical anion RSSR^- of lipoate was also observed in neutral as well as in alkaline solutions. From the dependence of these yields upon the concentration of lipoate, it was found that a long–lived triplet excited state of tyrosine, rather than the singlet excited state, is involved in these reactions. The negative radical ions RSSR^- are formed by two distinct pathways: (a) Na⁺–lipoate reacts with the solvated electrons which are ejected from the tyrosine triplets ³Tyr → RO.+ e ^-_aq+ H⁺ followed by e ^-_aq+ RSSR → RSSR^-, and (b) by direct interaction of lipoate with triplet excited tyrosine, resulting in the transfer of a negative charge from tyrosine to the disulfide linkage. At high lipoate concentrations, the singlet excited state of lipoate is quenched, k ₄= 1.6 × 10¹⁰ M ^-1 sec^-1, but this reaction does not lead to the formation of RSSR^- radical ions.     

THE CHARACTERISATION OF THE TRIPLET STATE OF CROCETIN, A WATER SOLUBLE CAROTENOID, BY NANOSECOND LASER FLASH PHOTOLYSES

Abstract— The triplet state of crocetin, which is a water soluble carotenoid, has been sensitized by psoralen. The triplet extinction coefficient, ε_T (73000 dm³ mol^-1 cm^-1 at 470 nm), the triplet-triplet spectrum and the quantum yield of triplet formation, φ_T (less than 1%) are reported in aqueous solution.
In order to calculate the extinction coefficient of crocetin it was necessary to obtain ε_T for psoralen in water (10000dm³ mol^-1 cm^-1 at 450 nm). This latter value was obtained using the complete conversion technique and is reported with the triplet-triplet spectrum.     

FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING OF INDOLIC COMPOUNDS BY ALIPHATIC AMINO ACIDS. EVIDENCE FOR EXCITED STATE COMPLEXES

Abstract The fluorescence quenching of indole, tryptophan, tryptamine and indole-3-acetic by aliphatic amino acids was studied. The bimolecular rate constant ( k _q) for the deactivation of the excited state was determined. The k _q values were in the range 0.6 × 10⁸–1.6 × 10⁹ M ^–1 S^–1 and they increased in the order tryptophan < tryptamine < indole ≈ indole-3-acetic acid. When the rate constant was corrected for diffusion al effects a good linear correlation was found between the log ( k '_q) and the ionization equilibrium constant of the carboxylic group of the amino acid (p ^k _a1). This was interpreted as arising from a charge transfer mechanism in which the indole moiety acts as an electron donor and the carbonyl group of the amino acid as the acceptor.
The activation parameter for the quenching processes were also determined. The ΔH^≠ values were in the range —4.0 to +4.0 kcal/mol and the ΔH^≠ in the range –7 to –37 e.u. For the systems with lower values of k _q negative values for ΔH^≠ were observed. A good enthalpy-entropy compensation was found with an isokinetic temperature of 229 K. These results suggest that a common mechanism is operating for all the systems and that it involves the formation of an excited state complex between the indolic compound and the amino acid.     

LASER FLASH PHOTOLYSIS STUDIES OF DNA-COMPLEXED ETHIDIUM BROMIDE

Abstract— Laser flash photolysis studies of DNA-complexed ethidium bromide were undertaken. We have observed a singlet-singlet (S₁-S_n) absorption process for DNA-complexed ethidium bromide. The observed lowest singlet excited state lifetime was 21 ± 2 ns. The molar difference extinction coefficient was measured to be 2.4 ± 0.4 × 10³M^-1 cm^-1 at 370 nm. The assignment of this transition was confirmed by time resolved fluorescence measurements.