High Spin States and Shape Coexistence in 134Ce

high spin states in ¹³⁴Ce nucleus have been studied by using the heavy–ion induced reaction ¹²²Sn(¹⁶O,4n) carried out at china institute of atomic energy. the early level scheme has been extended with spin up to 22. however,our result is different from that in a recent publication,and the magnetic rotation bands reported there have not been confirmed. our observed level structures may be interpreted as shape coexistence. the 10+ state at the backbending with h_11/2 quasineutron configuration has an oblate deformation with an asymmetry parameter γ≈–60°(lund convention),and the 10+ isomer is a yrast trap of prolate deformation with γ≈–120°,whereas the other signature partner bands with h_11/2 and g_7/2 proton configuration probably have a prolate deformation with γ≈0°.     

Study of the Superdeformed State of 196Pb in the Relativistic Mean Field Theory

Based on the constrained relativistic mean field (RMF) theory, the superdeformed states of ¹⁹⁶Pb are systematically investigated with four different interactions, TMA, PK1, NL3 and NL-SH. The potential surface, the quadruple deformation of ground and superdeformed states, and the excitation energies of superdeformed states are calculated. The results show that the shape of ¹⁹⁶Pb is oblate for the ground state with deformation β₂≈－0.15, and prolate for the superdeformed states with deformation β₂≈0.60. The calculated excitation energy and the depth of the potential well of the superdeformed state are approximately equal to 4.5MeV and 1.6MeV, respectively. These results are in good agreement with the current experimental data. It indicates that RMF theory can well describe the energy of the band head of superdeformed rotational band in ¹⁹⁶Pb.     

Experimental Evidence for the Superdeformation in 81Rb

High-spin states in ⁸¹Rb were populated in the ⁵⁵Mn(³⁰Si, 2p2n) reaction at 130 MeV. Prompt γγγ-charged particle coincidences were observed using the GASP spectrometer in conjunction with the ΔE-E silicon ball (ISIS). A superdeformed band consisting of seven γ-ray transitions has been identified. The dynamic moment of inertia for the band is constant with a value of approximately 26.7 h²/MeV throughout the whole observed rotational frequency. This band is interpreted to have a π5¹v5² intrinsic intruder configuration with a quadruple deformation β₂ of 0.51.     

ON THE CONTRACTION AND DEFORMATION OF DEUTERON CLUSTER IN 6Li

The ground state of ⁶Li is investigated by means of the projected variational method for double well-cluster shell model. The results of the variational calculation show that the root-mean-square radius of d-cluster in the ground state of ⁶Li is smaller than that of free deuteron and as the mean distance between the α-cluster and the d-cluster decreases there are two effects on the d-cluster, namely contraction effect in which the d-cluster contracts first and then makes a bit extension and deformation effect in which the d-cluster makes oblation first and then streteches.It is also demonstrated by the calculation that the repulsive component of the odd sytate of N-N force and the pauli exchange of the nucleons between the clusters play an important role not only on the cluster structure in the ground state of ⁶Li but also on the contraction and the deformation of d-cluster in ⁶Li.     

Yrast Band and Four-Quasiparticle Band in Odd-Odd 162Lu Nucleus

Both yrast and 4-quasiparticle bands in ¹⁶²Lu are established by using in-beam spectroscopy. It is shown that within the framework of cranking shell model,positive deformation can also lead to the low-spin signature inversion in the yrast band in Z=71 odd-odd ¹⁶²Lu nucleus.     

First observation of excited states in the neutron-rich nucleus 138Te

The very neutron-rich nucleus ¹³⁸Te produced in the spontaneous fission of ²⁴⁸Cm has been investigated using the EUROGAM II %-ray multidetector array. The excited states of ¹³⁸Te observed for the first time indicate that the region of ground state deformation beyond the doubly magic nucleus ¹³²Sn has yet not been reached.     

Single Particle Schr dinger Fluid and Moments of Inertia of Deformed Nuclei

We have applied the theory of the single-particle Schrodinger fluid to the nuclear collective motion of axially deformed nuclei. A counter example of an arbitrary number of independent nucleons in the anisotropic harmonic oscillator potential at the equilibrium deformation has been also given. Moreover, the ground states of the doubly even nuclei in the s-d shell ²⁰Ne,²⁴Mg,²⁸Si,³²S and ³⁶Ar are constructed by filling the single particle states corresponding to the possible values of the number of quanta of excitations n_x,n_y, and n_z. Accordingly, the cranking-model, the rigid-body model and the equilibrium-model moments of inertia of these nuclei are calculated as functions of the oscillator parameters ω_x,ω_yand ω_z which are given in terms of the non deformed value ω00 , depending on the mass number A, the number of neutrons N, the number of protons Z, and the deformation parameter β. The calculated values of the cranking-model moments of inertia of these nuclei are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental values and show that the considered axially deformed nuclei may have oblate as well as prolate shapes and that the nucleus ²⁴Mg is the only one which is highly deformed. The rigid body model and the equilibrium model moments of inertia of the two nuclei ²⁰Ne and ²⁴Mg are also in good agreement with the corresponding experimental values.     

Structural Deformation of CO22+ in Intense Femtosecond Laser Fields

The angular distributions of CO^＋ from the dissociation of CO2^2＋ and CO2^＋ in intense femtosecond laser fields （45 fs, about 5 × 10^15 W/cm^2） are studied at a laser wavelength of 800nm based on the time-of-flight mass spectra of CO^＋ fragment ions. The experimental results show that structural deformation occurs in the charge state of CO2^2＋ and the CO^＋ maintains linear geometrical structure.     

Fine Structure in the alpha decays of 226U and 230Pu

The nuclei ²²⁶U and ²³⁰Pu have been populated via reactions involving ²⁰⁸Pb targets bombarded by ²²Ne and ²⁶Mg projectiles. Fusion-evaporation residues were separated in-flight using a gas-filled recoil separator. A position-sensitive Si-strip detector was employed at the focal plane in order to identify correlated !-decay chains. Two fine structure !-decay lines have been observed. The first, with an energy of 7385(5) keV, is assigned as the ! decay from ²²⁶U to the first excited 2⁺ state of ²²²Th. The second line, observed for the first time in this work, has an energy of 6961(30) keV and is assigned as the ! decay from ²³⁰Pu to the first excited 2⁺ state of ²²⁶U. The excitation energy of the first excited 2⁺ state in ²²⁶U was determined to be 96(25) keV, giving an estimate of the deformation parameter #₂ ­ 0.20.     

Non-axial Parameter γ Effects on Even-Even Er Isotopes

Based on the non-axial rotor model given by davydov and Filippov,the deformation parameter β and non-axial parameter γ of even-even Er isotopes are determined from the energy of the first 2⁺ level and the energy ratio of the second 2⁺ level and the first one.The present work indicates that this model is consistent with the experimental results in the transitional region.It also shows that the non-axial effects on ¹⁵⁷Tm nuclide are of importance.     

A STUDY ON THE HEAVY NUCLEAR POTENTIAL ENERGY SURFACE (LIQUID MODEL PART)

In the present paper, the parametrization for the nuclear surface is chosen properly.The formulae for the nuclear deformation energy, including surface energy, coulombenergy and curvature energy are derived. The potential energy surface of the heavynuclei like ²³⁵U, ²⁵² Fm et a1. and the barrier heights of many heavy nuclei are cal-culated.     

Spin-dependent γ softness or triaxiality in even-even~(132-138) Nd nuclei

The properties of γ instability in rapidly rotating even-even132-138 Nd isotopes have been investigated using the pairing-deformation self-consistent total-Routhian-surface calculations in a deformation space of(β2, γ,β4). It is found that even-even134-138 Nd nuclei exhibit triaxiality in both ground and excited states, even up to high-spin states. The lightest isotope possesses a well-deformed prolate shape without a γ deformation component.The current numerical results are compared with previous calculations and available observables such as quadrupole deformation β2 and the feature of γ-band levels, showing basically a general agreement with the observed trend ofγ correlations(e.g. the pattern of the odd-even energy staggering of the γ band). The existing differences between theory and experiment are analyzed and discussed briefly.     

THE SHAPE COEXISTENCE IN 190Hg

The ground state Potential Energy Surface for nucleus ¹⁹⁰Hg was calculated in terms of Nilsson-Strutinsky method with standard κ,μ set and modified one.It is shown that there is a low-lying second minimum in prolate side except the known oblate minimum.The existence of such a prolate minimum,which is different from Total Routhian Surface calculation,may explain the recent observation of extra deformation band in ¹⁹⁰Hg.     

Electromagnetic Transition Rates and Deformation Feature in 130Ce

Lifetimes of the excited states in light rare-earth nucleus ¹³⁰Ce have been measured using heavy ion reaction ¹¹⁶Sn(¹⁶O,2n)¹³⁰Ce at beam energy of 73MeV through analyzing the Doppler-broadened line shapes. The reduced transition probabilities B(E2) are extracted from these measurements. The experimental results show that the previously reported anomalously high B(E2) value has not been observed in the present work. The transition quadrupole moment for the yrast band varies with spin and corresponds to a triaxial deformation with γ≈7°.     

Collective Band Structures in Neutron-Rich Odd-A 145,147Ce Nuclei

Through study of the prompt r-rays emitted in the spontaneous fission of ²⁵²Cf, high spin states of neutron-rich odd-A ^145,147Ce nuclei have been investigated. The levels in ¹⁴⁷Ce have been extended. A collective band in ¹⁴⁵Ce have been identified for the first time. The results from the particle rotor model calculations indicate that the yrast bands in ¹⁴⁵Ce and ¹⁴⁷Ce originate from vi_13/2 orbital coupling and the ground states of ¹⁴⁵Ce and ¹⁴⁷Ce originate from (vh_9/2,vf_7/2) and vh_9/2 configiration, respectively. No obvious octupole deformation was observed in these two isotopes, but a side band obtained in ¹⁴⁷Ce may show some octupole correlations.     

高温高应变率下纯锆的本构模型研究

 研究了常温至1 073 K、不同应变率下（4.1×10^－4 s^－1～2.8×10³ s^-1）锆的压缩力学性能。结果表明,锆的流动应力对温度和应变率的变化比较敏感,随应变率的提高而增大,随温度的升高而降低。基于位错动力学理论,建立了锆的本构模型,并考虑塑性变形过程中孪晶演化的影响,对模型进行了修正。修正后的本构模型预测结果与实验结果吻合较好,可描述很宽应变率和温度范围内锆的塑性变形行为。     

Experimental Study of High-Spin States in Deformed Odd-Odd 180 Ir

High spin states in deformed odd-odd ¹⁸⁰Ir have been investigated using the ¹⁵⁴Sm (³¹P, 5nγ)¹⁸⁰Ir reaction through the measurements of excitation functions at 150, 155, 160, 165 and 170 MeV beam energies, K X-γ and γ-γ coincidences at 160 MeV. A new level scheme composed of 5 rotational bands has been established. According to the band structure characteristics and the deduced in band B(M1)/B(E2) ratios, the quasiparticle configurations and spin and parity have been proposed to the observed bands. The neutron AB crossing is observed at hω_c≈0.26 MeV for the π1/2^－[541]⊙ν1/2^－[521] and π1/2^－[541]⊙ν5/2^－[512] bands. This AB crossing frequency is close to that in the ν5/2^－[512] band of ¹⁷⁹Os indicating the loss of intruder nature of the π1/2 - orbit. Gradual alignment gain in both the π9/2^－[514]⊙ν7/2⁺[633] and π9/2^－ν5/2^－[512] bands is observed which is similar to the low spin anomaly in alignment in the πh_11/2,πd_5/2 and πi_13/2 bands of neighboring Ir and Re isotopes. Different alignment properties have been discussed in the framework of cranked shell model, and a larger quadrupole deformation is suggested for the bands with π9/2^－[514] orbit involved.     

HIGH-ORDER CRANKING CALCULATION IN THE INTERACTING BOSON MODEL AND INTERACTING BOSONFERMION MODEL

Considering that the IBM and IBFM cranking calculations in the lowest order of angular frequency can give reasonably good estimates for the moment of inertia,we extend them to study the dependence of the moment of inertia on the higher order terms.We find that the analytic expressions for the correction terms can be derived.Numerical calculations for ¹⁵⁴Gd and ¹⁶¹Er are performed and compared with experiment.The Hamiltonian is taken from a microscopic approach.Calculated results show that the properties of higher order terms depend on the deformation of rotating system but the correction yields only limited effect when ω is small.     

Study on Deformation and Shape Coexistence for 188Pb

The deformation and shape coexistence in ¹⁸⁸Pb have been investigated in terms of the Projected Shell Model. Comparing the experimental data with the calculated results, it is shown that three shape configurations of sphere (Z=82 shell closure), oblate (two particle-two hole in proton h_9/2 orbital) and prolate (multi-particle-hole)coexist each other in the low-lying excited states and the prolate band exhibits a mixture between two kinds of multi-particle-hole configurations, which means that the neutron i_13/2 alignment happens gradually in this case. The mixing is discussed and the mixing coefficients are given. The oblate band structure is predicted and the 2⁺ prolate state is estimated to be in the energy range of 804—80keV.     

A Simulation of Emitted Nucleons:An Extended BUU Model

On the basis of the old BUU method,the neutrons and protons of the projectile and target nucleus was distinguished,meanwhile,the droplet model which included the surface diffusion parameter,neutron skin and deformation parameter etc.was considered during simulating original nucleon's distribution.Condersing the fact σ_np≈3σ_nn≈3σ_pp in intermediate energy domain,it was incorapated into the collision term of BUU.Before studying 44MeV/A ⁸⁶Kr+¹⁹⁷Au reaction by the improved BUU model,the stability of the model has been checked,then the condition of nucleons emission was defined,finally the impact parameter dependence of the abraded neutrons and protons from the projectile was obtained,so was the correlation of TLF and PLF.