Fluorescence Properties of Ce+3-doped BaF2

The spectra and decay times of a serious of Ce⁺³—doped BaF₂ crystals have been determined.The results demonstrate that a BaF₂ crystal with a proper amount of Ce⁺³ doped have some outstanding advantages:a near-blue fluorescence with quite fast decay time (80ns) replaces the slow component (600ns) and vary fast one (～0.8ns) of undoped BaF₂.The intensity of the new component is comparable with the sum of the old ones.     

BaF2 Used for Particle Identification in Intermediate Energy Heavy Ion Raactions

A detector telescope consisting of a BaF₂ crystal and Si detectors is used to measure forwardly emitted products in ¹²C(46.7MeV/u)induced heavy ion reactions,both ΔE-E method and fast-slow correlation method are adopted in the particle identification.The response of BaF₂ to various incident ions has been studied.     

BaF2 Scintillator Coupling with a Low-pressure Multistep Avalanche Chamber

We studied the properties of a UV light sensitive low-pressure multistep avalanche chamber containing pure TMAE vapour.The gain of two chambers with different constructure at various temperatures is measured.With pure TMAE vapour at 40°C the gain of one chamber was 4×10⁵,the time resolution was 4.1ns.Coupling the chamber with a 2×2×2.4cm³ BaF₂ scintillator we successfully observed the signal of ¹³⁷Cs γ-ray of 0.661MeV.     

STUDY ON RADIATION DAMAGE OF CHINESE-MADE HIGH-Z SCINTILLATION CRYSTALS

Radiation damage effects of several Chinese-made high-Z scintillation crystals have been studied on a ⁶⁰Co irradiation unit of 100KCi Results on small size BGO crystals irradiated by 60Co γ rays with various doses from 5×10³ to 7.5×10⁵rad are presented.The decrease in scintillation light output depends non-linearly on the dose applied and saturation effects above 5×10⁴rad have been observed.The spontaneous recovery of the light output can be described by the sum of at least three exponential functions.The radiation damage effects of small size BaF₂,CsI(Tl) and ZnWO₄ crystals at 5×10⁵rad were also investigated.Serious damage to BaF₂ has been found.Preliminary analyses indicate that this may be attributed to the inclusion of certain critical elements in the crystal.CsI(T1) after irradiation does not exhibit strong afterglow of noticeable coloration as were reported in the literature.     

PbMoO4原位高压拉曼光谱和电导率的研究

 钼酸铅（PbMoO₄）具有高的声光品质因数、低的声损耗、良好的声阻抗匹配等性质，被广泛应用于声光偏转器、调制器、可调滤光器、声表面波器件等各类声光器件，其优异的低温闪烁性能亦引起人们的注意，具有在核设备方面的应用潜力。为探讨其晶体结构和物理性质，在金刚石对顶砧上原位测量了PbMoO₄的拉曼光谱，并测量了其在几个不同压力点下电导率随温度的变化。实验发现，压力在12.5 GPa时，拉曼峰完全消失，说明压力在10.8～12.5 GPa之间PbMoO₄样品出现了非晶态转变。当从26.5 GPa卸压到9.4 GPa时，PbMoO₄的拉曼谱在低波数出现无序化，而在2.4 GPa压力下858 cm^-1峰又重新出现，说明样品结构由无序向晶化回复。压力在10.8 GPa以上时，电导率随着温度的增加而显著增加，且随着压力的增加也明显增加。     

The E1 and E2 capture amplitudes in 12C(α,γ0)16O

Excitation functions of the %₀ capture transition in ¹²C(!,%)¹⁶O at /_% = 90^§ were obtained using a 4 2 4' BGO crystal in close geometry (E = 0.94 to 3.39 MeV) and a 2 2 2' BGO crystal in far geometry (E = 1.69 to 3.29 MeV), where the study of the reaction was initiated in inverse kinematics involving a windowless gas target. The small crystal detected essentially the E1 multipole component in the %₀ capture transition, while the large crystal observed approximately the angle-integrated sum of the E1 and E2 multipole components. Analysis of the two data sets together with data from previous work provided strong evidence that both multipoles are of equal importance at the relevant stellar energy E₀ = 0.3 MeV.     

Nanosecond UV laser damage and ablation from fluoride crystals polished by different techniques

Ablation thresholds and damage behavior of cleaved and polished surfaces of CaF₂, BaF₂, LiF and MgF₂ subjected to single-shot irradiation with 248 nm/14 ns laser pulses have been investigated using the photoacoustic mirage technique and scanning electron microscopy. For CaF₂, standard polishing yields an ablation threshold of typically 20 J/cm². When the surface is polished chemo-mechanically, the threshold can be raised to 43 J/cm², while polishing by diamond turning leads to intermediate values around 30 J/cm². Cleaved surfaces possess no well-defined damage threshold. When comparing different fluoride surfaces prepared by diamond turning it is found that the damage resistivity roughly scales with the band gap. We find an ablation threshold of 40 J/cm² for diamond turned LiF while the MgF₂ surface can withstand a fluence of more than 60 J/cm² without damage. The damage topography of conventionally polished surfaces shows flaky ablation across the laser-heated area with cracks along the cleavage planes. No ablation is observed in the case of chemo- mechanical polishing; only a few cracks appear. Diamond turned surfaces show small optical absorption but mostly cracks and ablation of flakes and, in some cases, severe damage in the form of craters larger than the irradiated area. The origin of such different damage behavior is discussed.     

Cooperative Quantum Cutting of Nano-Crystalline BaF2：Tb^3＋, Yb^3＋ in Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramics

We report on cooperative quantum cutting in Tb^3＋- Yb^3＋ codoped glass ceramics. Precipitation of BaF2 nanocrystals is confirmed by XRD and HRTEM analysis. Near-infrared emission due to transition of Yb^3＋ ions under 485 nm excitation indicates cooperative energy transfer from Tb^3＋ to Yb^3＋. The quantum efficiency of this process reaches 145%. The realization of quantum cutting in glass ceramics may have promising applications in solar cells.     

Mg:Fe:LiNbO3晶体的生长及光学性能研究

在Fe:LiNbO₃中掺进MgO和Fe₂O₃以提拉技术生长Mg:Fe:LiNbO₃晶体.对晶体进行极化和还原处理.测试晶体的吸收光谱,Mg:Fe:LiNbO₃晶体吸收边相对Fe:LiNbO₃晶体发生紫移.测试晶体的红外光谱,Mg:(5 mol%)Fe:LiNbO₃晶体OH^-吸收峰由Fe:LiNbO₃晶体的3482 cm^-1移到3534 cm^-1.采用锂空位模型阐述Mg:Fe:LiNbO₃晶体,吸收边和OH-吸收峰移动的机理.测试晶体的抗光致散射能力.Mg:(5 mol%)Fe:LiNbO₃晶体抗光致散射能力比Fe:LiNbO₃晶体提高一个数量级以上.测试晶体的衍射效率和响应时间.Mg:Fe:LiNbO₃晶体响应速度比Fe:LiNbO₃晶体提高四倍.     

Doublet bands in 128La and systematic features of energy separationof doublet bands observed in the A～130 mass region

High spin states of ¹²⁸La have been studied through the fusion-evaporation reaction ¹¹⁸Sn(¹⁴N, 4n)¹²⁸La at a beam energy of 69 MeV. A positive-parity side band with the same configuration as that of the yrast band has been identified. Moreover, it is noted that the energy separation ΔE(I)=E(I)_side-E(I)_yrast of all doublet bands reported in odd-odd nuclei in the A～130 mass region exhibit a staggering pattern systematically, and they stagger up at even-spin and stagger down at odd-spin.     

Spectral-kinetic characteristics of crystals and nanoceramics based on BaF<Subscript>2</Subscript> and BaF<Subscript>2</Subscript>: Ce

Optical characteristics of BaF₂ and BaF₂: Ce single crystals and nanoceramic materials prepared from these single crystals by uniaxial hot pressing have been studied. It has been shown that the introduction of Ce₃₊ ions into BaF₂ hardly affects the ultrafast (∼0.9 ns) luminescence component. The integrated luminescence intensity of the BaF₂: Ce nanoceramics is higher than that of the corresponding single crystal and considerably higher that the intensity of the undoped BaF₂ crystal. It has been demonstrated that the slow (several hundred nanoseconds) component of the luminescence decay of BaF₂: Ce is due to the energy transfer from excitons to Ce³⁺ ions.     

Study on Background Radiation at Beijing Electron Positron Collider and Radiation Damage of High-Z Scintillation Crystals

A systematic study of radiation backgrounds in the interaction region at the Beijing e⁺e^－ Collider BEPC is carried out for the first time to the needs of particle physics experiment.An effective method to study dynamically the radiation environment of the collider is successfully developed which allows the measurement of the instantaneous radiation dose rate and is distribution for different beam conditions and as a function of time during a quiet luminosity run.The radiation sensitivity of domestic BGO and BaF₂ crystals in the BEPC environment is examined.     

Study on Irradiation Damage of Bi-Doped PbWO4 Crystal

The luminescence and point defects of pure lead tungstate crystals (PbWO₄) and Bismuth (Bi) doping crystal (PbWO₄:Bi)grown by modified Bridgman method are studied. It is found that irradiation results in the great change of the transmission and X-ray excited emission after γ-ray irradiation about 4 Mrad dose. The defects in PbWO₄ crystal have been studied by means of positron annihilation lifetime and X-ray photoelectron spectra. The results show that Bi dopant suppresses the concentrations of positron capture centers and low-valent oxygen ions.After γ-ray irradiation,in the pure crystal the concentration of lead vacancy (V_Pb) is decreased and that of low-valent oxygen increased; on the contrary,in Bi dopant crystal the concentrations of positron capture centers increased and that of low-valent oxygen ions suppressed. It is tentatively proposed that Bi³⁺ dopants would mainly occupy the sites of lead vacancies resulted from Pb volatilization. And irradiation changes the chemical valence of Bi element,which is Bi³⁺→Bi⁵⁺.The Bi⁵⁺ will replace the lattice W⁶⁺ ions and it will cause some (WO₄)^2－ replaced by (BiO₃+V_O)^－.     

压力对GdoBr:Eu晶场参数的影响

 在室温下测量了GdoBr:Eu的常压和高压荧光谱，光谱范围在13 000~21 500 cm^-1之间，压力至12 GPa。由光谱数据得到了Eu³⁺晶场能级随压力的变化曲线。⁷F_0～5能级随压力的变化规律比较复杂，而⁵D_0~2各能均随压力的升高几乎线性地降低。在基态谱项⁷F的49个状态上进行了晶场拟合计算，所得常压下的5个非零晶场参数分别为：B₀²＝-1 124.0 cm^-1，B₀⁴＝-969.6 cm^-1，B₄⁴＝827.9 cm^-1，B₀⁶＝889.6 cm^-1，B₄⁶＝377.0 cm^-1。高压下的计算结果表明，B₀⁴、B₀⁶这两个晶场参数随压力的增加而增大，B₄⁶随压力的增加而减小，而B₀²、B₄⁴随压力的变化有些起伏。晶场强度在8 GPa以下随压力增加而减小，其后开始变强。     

The fluorescence and thermoluminescence characteristics of α-Al2O3:C ceramics

This paper reports that polycrystalline α-Al₂O₃:C ceramics are fabricated by conventional ceramics process. The excitation, emission spectra, thermoluminescence (TL) and optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) of α-Al₂O₃:C polycrystalline ceramics are investigated. There exists 410nm maximum emission peak which is caused by recombination of an electron with F⁺ centre to produce an excited F centre. The samples show three clear TL glow peaks at 405, 493 and 610K. The attenuation constant of exponentially decaying fast component (τ₁) and slow component(τ₂) of OSL curve are 8.43s and 41.73s, respectively. Those fluorescence and thermoluminescence characteristics are similar with α-Al₂O₃:C crystal.     

Spectral Hole-Burning of Eu^3＋：Y2SiO5 Crystal at 16 K

By using an Ar^＋ ion laser, a tunable Rh 6G dye laser （linewidth 0.5cm^-1） pumped by the second harmonic of a YAG：Nd laser and a Coherent 899-21 dye laser as light sources and using a monochromator, a phase-locking amplifier and a computer as the data detecting system, we detect the optical properties of Eu^3＋-doped Y2SiO5 crystal. Persistent ,spectral hole burning （PSHB） are observed in the Eu^3＋ ions spectral lines （^5 Do-T Fo transition） in the crystal at the temperature of 16K. For 15mW dye laser burning the crystal for 0.1 s spectral holes with hole width about 80 MHz both at 579.62nm and at 579.82nm are detected and the holes can remain for a long time, more than 10h.     

Influence of Gamma-Ray Irradiation on Absorption and Fluorescent Spectra of Nd：YAG and Yb：YAG Laser Crystals

We investigate the influence of gamma-ray irradiation on the absorption and fluorescent spectra of Nd^3＋：Y3A15 O12 （Nd： YAG） and Yb^3＋ ： Y3A15 O12 （Yb： YAG） crystals grown by the Czochralski method. Two additional absorption （AA） bands induced by gamma-ray irradiation appear at 255nm and 340nm. The former is contributed due to Fe^3＋ impurity, the latter is due to Fe^2＋ ions and F-type colour centres. The intensity of the excitation and emission spectra as well as the fluorescent lifetime of Nd：YAG crystal decrease after the irradiation of 100 Mrad gamma-ray. In contrast, the same dose irradiation does not impair the fluorescent properties of Yb：YAG crystal. These results indicate that Yb： YA G crystal possesses the advantage over Nd： YA G crystal that has better reliability for applications in harsh radiant environment.     

CdGd2(WO2)4单晶的顺磁共振谱研究

通过粉末XRD测定了CdGd₂(WO₂)₄单晶的晶格常数,由σ- T和ESR实验得出晶体具有顺磁性,但又具有磁各向异性,探讨了晶体的磁各向异性与晶体结构的关系,计算了各向异性g²张量,所得结果和实验符合甚好.      

Structural transition of BaF2 nanocrystals under high pressure

The structural transition of BaF₂ nanocrystals is studied by in situ high pressure synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction measurements up to about 21.2 GPa at ambient temperature. Two phase transformations were observed at 5.8 and 14.4 GPa, and the two high pressure phases are identified as orthorhombic (Pnma) phase and hexagonal (P6₃/mmc) phase by Rietveld refinement. Upon decompression, the α-PbCl₂-type metastable phase is retained when the pressure is released. Two phase transformations of the BaF₂ nanocrystals are higher than that in bulk BaF₂. It is proposed that the size effects are found to influence the BaF₂ nanocrystals high-pressure behaviors and the surface energy plays a significant role in the structural stability.     

掺铜PTO晶体顺磁共振谱及局域结构的理论研究

基于晶体场理论,本文采用重叠模型和3d⁹电子组态在畸变四角晶场中的g因子和超精细结构常数A的三阶微扰计算公式以及钛酸铅PbTiO₃ (PTO): Cu²⁺晶体的局域结构与EPR谱之间的定量关系,合理解释了PTO: Cu²⁺晶体的EPR谱及局域晶体结构,所得结果与实验观测相符合. 