有机试剂的分子结构与胶束增敏的关系: TAMB2-(2-噻唑偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯甲酸和BTAMB2-(2-苯骈噻唑偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯甲酸的比较研究

本文以TAMB和BTAMB为探针试剂, 考查了有表面活性剂胶束存在时有机试剂的亲水-疏水程度对金属-有机试剂配合物增敏效应的影响, 研究了两体系的光度性质, 显色剂及镍-显色剂配合物在各不同胶束中的分配情况, 并用析相、核磁共振、萃取及动力学试验等手段比较了两个试剂及配合物的特点和差异。结果表明, 试剂的“两亲"结构对配合物能否被增敏至关重要, 而试剂憎水性或亲水性过强, 均不利于配合物被增敏, 仅当具有“两亲"结构时, 配合物同时感受胶束“刚性不对称微环境"中两端不同作用力,配合物才会有较大增敏现象出现。     

有机试剂的分子结构与胶束增敏的关系: TAMB2-(2-噻唑偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯甲酸和BTAMB2-(2-苯骈噻唑偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯甲酸的比较研究

本文以TAMB和BTAMB为探针试剂, 考查了有表面活性剂胶束存在时有机试剂的亲水-疏水程度对金属-有机试剂配合物增敏效应的影响, 研究了两体系的光度性质, 显色剂及镍-显色剂配合物在各不同胶束中的分配情况, 并用析相、核磁共振、萃取及动力学试验等手段比较了两个试剂及配合物的特点和差异。结果表明, 试剂的“两亲"结构对配合物能否被增敏至关重要, 而试剂憎水性或亲水性过强, 均不利于配合物被增敏, 仅当具有“两亲"结构时, 配合物同时感受胶束“刚性不对称微环境"中两端不同作用力,配合物才会有较大增敏现象出现。     

新显色剂二溴硝基偶氮氯膦的研究和应用 Ⅱ.光度法直接测定镍基合金中的铈组稀土

二溴硝基偶氮氯膦是一种新的稀土显色剂。该试剂在酸性溶液中为紫红色,与铈形成蓝绿色的配合物,配合比为3:1。试剂与铈组稀土的显色反应体系简单、显色酸度高、范围宽、不但灵敏度高,而且选择性好。应用于钇组稀土存在下测定镍基合金中的铈,结果令人满意。     

不对称变色酸双偶氮衍生物与某些非稀土元素的显色反应及其应用研究 Ⅲ:偶氮氯膦-pN与铋(Ⅲ)的β型反应的研究

本文报道铋(III)与不对称变色酸双偶氮衍生物之间的一类特殊反应──β型反应, 研究了试剂分子结构与反应性能的关系, 着重探讨铋(III)与偶氮氯膦-pN的β-型反应行为, 在高氯酸介质中, 铋(III)与上述试剂形成灵敏度很高的稳定β型配合物, λmax=713nm, εmax=9.84×10^4L·mol^-^1·cm^-^1, 并考察了反应酸度、显色剂浓度、有机溶剂(或表面活性剂)、显色温度及显色时间等对反应的影响, 测定了α和β型配合物的组成, 初步探索了α和β型配合物之间相互转化的规律。     

不对称变色酸双偶氮衍生物与某些非稀土元素的显色反应及其应用研究 Ⅲ:偶氮氯膦-pN与铋(Ⅲ)的β型反应的研究

本文报道铋(III)与不对称变色酸双偶氮衍生物之间的一类特殊反应──β型反应, 研究了试剂分子结构与反应性能的关系, 着重探讨铋(III)与偶氮氯膦-pN的β-型反应行为, 在高氯酸介质中, 铋(III)与上述试剂形成灵敏度很高的稳定β型配合物, λmax=713nm, εmax=9.84×10^4L·mol^-^1·cm^-^1, 并考察了反应酸度、显色剂浓度、有机溶剂(或表面活性剂)、显色温度及显色时间等对反应的影响, 测定了α和β型配合物的组成, 初步探索了α和β型配合物之间相互转化的规律。     

一种新的测定锶的高选择性光工法的研究: 用新显色剂DBC-偶氮氯膦测定合金及海水中的锶

研究了新型显色剂二溴-氯偶氮氯膦与锶的显色反应及锶的分析, 发现锶能与这一显色剂在酸性条件下生成一种稳定的蓝紫色配合物, 在丙酮、EATA和硫酸钠存在下, 采用双波长分光光度法可有效地解决钙, 钡, 镁, 铁等三十余种元素的干扰, 用本方法测定了海水、氧化镁试剂和硅铁合金中的锶, 取得满意结果.     

不对称变色酸双偶氮衍生物与某些非稀土元素的显色反应及其应用研究——Ⅲ.偶氮氯膦-ρN与铋(Ⅲ)的β型反应的研究

本文报道铋(Ⅲ)与不对称变色酸双偶氮衍生物之间的一类特殊反应——β型反应。研究了试剂分子结构与反应性能的关系,着重探讨铋(Ⅲ)与偶氮氯膦-p~N的β型反应行为。在高氯酸介质中,铋(Ⅲ)与上述试剂形成灵敏度很高的稳定β型配合物,λ_(max)=713nm,ε(max)=9.84×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。并考察了反应酸度、显色剂浓度、有机溶剂(或表面活性剂)、显色温度及显色时间等对反应的影响,测定了α和β型配合物的组成,初步探索了α和β型配合物之间相互转化的规律。     

镉的高灵敏显色体系研究及表面活性剂作用机理

本文以2-氯-4-硝基苯重氮氨基偶氮苯(CNDAA)为显色剂, 研究了镉的高灵敏显色体系及表面活性剂的作用机理。研究结果表明: 对于Cd(II)-CNDAA配合物, 非离子型、阴离子型及阴-非混合型表面活性剂对此有显著的增溶增敏作用, 并以Cd(II)-CNDAA-SF显色体系建立了光度法测定微量镉的高灵敏新方法, 并对几种测定方法进行了比较, 筛选出显色条件宽容、选择性好的体系。该体系用于铝合金样品中镉的测定, 结果满意。另外, 还提出了Cd(II)-CNDAA配合物的结构, 对表面活生剂对体系的作用作了描述, 并阐明了试剂的酸性离解常数(pK~a)与显色酸度以及方法的选择性三者之间的关系。     

新显色剂4-(2-苯并噻唑偶氮)焦棓酚—Mo(Ⅵ)—CTMAB的吸光光度研究

研究了新显色剂4-(2-苯并噻唑偶氮)焦棓酚与Mo(Ⅵ)和CTMAB的显色反应及配合物结构。试验表明,在pH 4.8时,Mo(Ⅵ)与显色剂反应形成稳定的、带负电荷的1:2紫红色配合物。该配合物的λ_(max)为572nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为8.6×10~4,Mo(Ⅵ)在0～22μg/25ml范围内服从比耳定律。     

有机溶剂对某些显色反应作用的研究

本文研究了MeOH、EtOH、PrOH、i-PrOH、Me_2CO、THF、DMF、MeCN对一系列显色反应作用,探讨Me-R-有机溶剂显色体系的特点,发现有机溶剂能否对显色反应产生增敏作用及其作用大小和有机溶剂的类型及用量,显色剂的结构,金属离子及形成配合物的性质有关。     

Synthesis of chromogenic crown ethers and liquid—liquid extraction of alkaline earth metal ions

New crown ether dyes carrying two pendent anionic side-arms were synthesized for the extraction-spectrophotometry of alkaline earth metal ions. In the extraction of alkaline earth metal ions by these dianionic reagents, size recognition by the crown ether ring was more remarkable than in the case of alkali metal ion extraction by a similar type of monoanionic reagents. Dramatic changes in metal selectivity were observed when the nature of the anionic side-arm was changed while the crown ether skeleton was kept the same. The structure/selectivity relationship is discussed in terms of “chelate” and “intramolecular ion-pair” formation. Typically, when the basicity of the pendent anions was relatively high and a six-membered chelate was structurally possible for the pendent anions and the crown-bound metal, the extraction of calcium was favored by up to a factor of 3000 in the ratio of the Ca/Ba extraction constants for reagents of the diaza-18-crown-6 type. In contrast, the reagents which had pendent anions with only poor coordination ability for metal ions seemed to form complexes of the ion-pair type, and calcium ion was 10⁵ times less extractable than barium ion for the same diaza-18-crown-6-skeleton. Strontium ion seemed to be extracted most effectively when the extracted complex assumed properties intermediate between the chelate and intramolecular ion-pair.     

Photometric reagents for alkali metal ions, based on crown-ether complex formation--III. 4'-picrylaminobenzo-15-crown-5 derivatives

An extraction study of alkali metal cations has been made with crown-ether reagents, 4'-picrylaminobenzo-15-crown-5 derivatives (HL). On dissociation in alkaline medium, the orange HL gives the blood-red anion L(-) and extracts alkali metal ions into chloroform as coloured complexes of composition ML.HL or ML. The ease of extraction decreases in the order, K(+) > Rb(+) > Cs(+) > Na(+) > Li(+). The extracted complexes are ML.HL for K(+) and Rb(+), and both ML.HL and ML for Na(+). The Li(+) complex is not extracted. The photometric determination of 10-800 ppm of K(+) is possible in the presence of other alkali and alkaline earth metal ions.     

Generation of organo-alkaline earth metal complexes from non-polar unsaturated molecules and their synthetic applications

Organomagnesium compounds, represented by the Grignard reagents, are one of the most classical yet versatile carbanion species which have widely been utilized in synthetic chemistry. These reagents are typically prepared via oxidative addition of organic halides to magnesium metals, via halogen–magnesium exchange between halo(hetero)arenes and organomagnesium reagents or via deprotonative magnesiation of prefunctionalized (hetero)arenes. On the other hand, recent studies have demonstrated that the organo-alkaline earth metal complexes including those based on heavier alkaline earth metals such as calcium, strontium and barium could be generated from readily available non-polar unsaturated molecules such as alkenes, alkynes, 1,3-enynes and arenes through unique metallation processes. Nonetheless, the resulting organo-alkaline earth metal complexes could be further functionalized with a variety of electrophiles in various reaction modes. In particular, organocalcium, strontium and barium species have shown unprecedented reactivity in the downstream functionalization, which could not be observed in the reactivity of organomagnesium complexes. This perspective will focus on the newly emerging protocols for the generation of organo-alkaline earth metal complexes from non-polar unsaturated molecules and their applications in chemical synthesis and catalysis.

In this perspective, we highlight the recent development of metallation protocols of non-polar unsaturated molecules for the generation of organo-alkaline earth metal compounds and their applications in chemical synthesis and catalysis.     

一组不对称变色酸双偶氮肿类试剂的合成及其与稀土等元素显色反应研究

本文设计、合成了一组新的不对称变色酸双偶氮胂类稀土显色剂。对新试剂进行了提纯鉴定,确定了组成及结构,研究了它们与稀土、钍、锆的显色反应性能。实验证明,试剂分子结构对其反应性能的影响有一定的规律性。其中o-As-DBN试剂是较优良的钍显色剂,毫克级的稀土、铀不干扰测定。     

Synthesis and X-ray crystallography of diverse metal complexes derived from xanthone-crown ether

A series of sandwich, monomeric, dimeric and polymeric complexes supported with 1,8-xanthone-18-crown-5 (L) were synthesised. Mass spectrum experiments suggested the existence of sandwich and monomeric complexes in solution. And the structure characterisations of six new complexes by single-crystal X-ray diffraction show the strong coordination of xanthone-18-crown-5 carbonyl oxygen with alkaline earth metal cation, which results high fluorescent increase in alkaline earth metal complexes.     

Discriminating detection between Mg2+ and Ca2+ by fluorescent signal from anthracene aromatic amide moiety

Novel fluorescent reagents 1 and 2 were synthesized. In the absence of metal ions, the fluorescence emissions of these compounds were quite weak, but their intensities were much greater in the presence of alkaline earth metal ions. The peak shape and maximum wavelength of the emission of the complex with Mg2+ differed from those of Ca2+ and other alkaline earth metal ions. The peak wavelength difference was 30 nm.     

Novel synthetic route to fluorofullerenes: reaction with binary and complex lead fluorides

We have recently developed methods of preparation of fluorofullerenes with specific fluorine content. Our previous successful synthesis of C₆₀F₃₆ and C₆₀F₁₈ with the use of transition metal fluorides inspired us to probe other high oxidation metal fluorides. In this work we report on the use of the binary lead fluorides (PbF₂, PbF₄, Pb₂F₆) and their complexes with alkali metal and alkaline earth metal fluorides (M₂PbF₆, M₃PbF₇ and M′PbF₆) as fluorinating reagents for fullerenes.     

1-乙酰胺基丙叉-1,1-二膦酸和1-丙酰胺基乙叉-1,1-二膦酸与碱土金属离子的螯合作用

用pH电位法研究了1-乙酰胺基丙叉-1,1-二膦酸(S-186)和1-丙酰胺基乙叉-1,1-二膦酸(S-106)与碱土金属的螯合作用(30±O.1℃).当金属离子与配体的摩尔浓度比为10∶1、1∶1和1∶2时,在水溶液中形成了MHL、ML、ML_2和M_2L等几种类型的配合物.分别测定了它们的稳定常数,其中S-186配合物稍高于S-106,说明配合物稳定性与螯合剂的碱度有平行关系.值得注意的是,这两种螯合剂与Sr~(2 )形成的双核配合物的稳定性均较其它碱土金属离子的为高.     

Synthese und extraktionseigenschaften von 2-(sym-dibenzo-14-krone-4-oxy)essigsäure bzw. -n-hexansäure

(Synthesis and extraction behaviour of 2-(sym-dibenzo-14-crown-4-oxy)-acetic and -hexanoic acid)An improved synthesis for carboxylic acid derivatives of dibenzo-14-crown-4- using sodium amide is described. The reagents were studied for the extraction of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions. The dependence of the metal distribution on pH and ligand concentration is used to evaluate the composition of the extracted species. (2-sym-Dibenzo-14-crown-4-oxy)hexanoic acid is a very good extractant for alkaline earth metal ions but is also if interest for lithium.     

Spectroscopic studies of some novel CuI and CuII complexes derived from the tribochemistry reactions of Kbr, KI and CaI2 with CuII-Girard's T complex [Cu(GT)Cl2(H2O)2(EtOH)]Cl.H2O

Novel CuI and CuII complexes derived from the tribochemistry reactions of [Cu(GT)Cl2(H2O)2(EtOH)Cl.H2O with KBr, KI and CaI2 have been isolated and characterized. The reactions of KI and CaI2 with [Cu(GT)Cl2(H2O)2(EtOH)]Cl.H2O in the solid state are accompanied by colour change, reduction of CuII to CuI and substitution of the chloride by iodide ions. Also, the tribochemistry reaction of KBr with the CuII-GT complex is accompanied by change in colour, substitution of chloride by bromide ions but no reduction has been occurred. All the isolated solid complexes have been characterised by spectral (UV-vis, IR, 1H-NMR), magnetic and thermal measurements. The effect of the variation of the ratio between alkali and/or alkaline earth metal halides (KI, KBr, and CaI2) and the CuII-GT complex has also been investigated.