超强激光在均匀等离子体中的背向拉曼散射放大机制

使用等离子体背向受激拉曼散射对激光进行放大时,等离子体的密度、温度和长度都会对激光的放大效果产生影响.为了探究等离子体密度对结果的影响,本文使用一维粒子模拟程序模拟了波长为800 nm的泵浦激光入射到均匀等离子体中,等离子体密度和泵浦光光强对散射光光谱的影响.模拟结果表明,等离子体密度降低会导致散射光的波长变短,而泵浦光的光强在一定范围内降低会增加散射光中背向散射光的比例.通过分析散射光的光强和等离子体的密度,发现前向拉曼散射是等离子体密度变化的原因.模拟结果对等离子体背向受激拉曼散射放大的实验研究具有重要的指导意义.     

一维动理学数值模拟激光与等离子体的相互作用

利用一维(1D3V)、显式、全电磁、相对论粒子模拟代码研究动理学范畴内激光与等离子体相互作用中的受激拉曼散射,给出了粒子代码的控制方程及其数值离散的详细方案,研究表明:动理学效应在受激拉曼散射不稳定性中十分重要;时问平均的反射率在阈值强度处跃升,在更高的激光强度处达到饱和;受激拉曼背向散射周期性地在次皮秒内爆发,离子效应延迟背向拉曼散射的发生;电子俘获导致了背向拉曼散射出现爆发;Langmuir波的非线性频移使得背向散射达到饱和。     

激光等离子体相互作用的受激拉曼散射饱和效应

在激光等离子体相互作用过程中,受激拉曼散射（SRS）会通过Langmuir波衰减不稳定性（LDI）和电子俘获两种机理饱和.文章给出均匀一维等离子体和低强度非相对论激光作用中,LDI和电子俘获两种机理下的SRS饱和时间的解析表达式.SRS饱和时间与入射激光强度,电子密度,电子温度,初始电子密度微扰等参数有关.解析理论计算得到了与模拟和实验相符的结果. 关键词： 受激拉曼散射 饱和 Langmuir波衰变不稳定性（LDI） 电子俘获     

黑腔等离子体中SRS与SBS过程的散射光谱分析

针对惯性约束聚变中激光通过等离子体时,在光路上激发的受激Raman散射(SRS)与受激Brillouin散射(SBS)过程进行了研究。介绍了用于分析两种不稳定性过程背向散射光谱特征的程序模型,数值模拟了不同等离子体状态参数条件下的SRS与SBS过程,讨论了黑腔内等离子体参数条件对两种不稳定性过程及其散射光谱特征的影响,提出了有益于抑制两种不稳定过程的等离子体参数条件。     

强激光与等离子体相互作用中受激陷俘电子声波散射及相空间离子涡旋的形成

应用一维相对论电磁粒子模拟程序，研究了线性极化强激光入射到无碰撞密度均匀的次临界密度等离子体中所引起的受激陷俘电子声波散射不稳定性过程.不稳定性的早期行为与是否考虑离子动力学效应无关.当考虑离子动力学效应之后会激发一个随时间增长的离子声波，并且最终由于大振幅电磁孤立子的产生而中断.由于电磁孤立子内的静电场与电磁场所产生的离子加速与俘获效应，导致一个离子涡旋在离子相空间中形成；当电磁孤立子向后加速过程中，若干个离子涡旋结构随之形成.研究发现，离子涡旋结构同样存在于密度不均匀的次临界密度等离子体中.从拓扑的观 关键词： 粒子模拟 受激陷俘电子声波散射 电磁孤立子 离子涡旋     

激光等离子体受激散射的线性理论研究

利用包含两种阻尼(Landau阻尼和碰撞阻尼)成分的受激拉曼散射(SRS)、受激布里渊散射线性分析程序LIP,在给定的等离子体状态下分析了阻尼成分、激光强度以及等离子体组分对点火尺度等离子体中受激散射不稳定性发展的影响.详细评估了碰撞阻尼的效应,发现碰撞阻尼在接近1/4临界密度处能有效抑制受激散射的增长,从而造成SRS光谱上的"缝"现象.同时,电子温度的升高会在特定的密度区域促进SRS的发展.研究结果可为点火实验的设计提供参考.     

非均匀等离子体中1/4临界密度附近受激散射的非线性演化

本文采用粒子模拟方法,针对长脉冲激光在非均匀等离子体中的传输过程,特别是在1/4临界密度附近,等离子体中受激散射的非线性演化现象,进行了细致的模拟研究.研究结果表明:在1/4临界面附近所产生的受激拉曼散射不稳定性,其散射光在等离子体中被捕获,并在该区域形成电磁孤子.电磁孤子的振幅随着不稳定性的发展而提高,并由此而产生一个有质动力场驱动周围的电子运动,离子随后被电荷分离场加速,最终形成准中性的密度坑.在单个密度坑形成后,由于该密度坑周围等离子体密度和温度产生了变化,使得等离子体中逐渐形成更多的密度坑.这些密度坑将等离子体分割成不连续的密度分布,而这种密度分布最终明显地抑制了受激拉曼散射和受激布里渊散射不稳定性的发展.     

弱磁化等离子体中受激拉曼散射和受激布里渊散射抑制研究

本文针对典型激光聚变等离子体参数条件,利用动理学粒子模拟程序研究横向磁场和激光带宽在抑制受激拉曼散射(SRS)和受激布里渊散射(SBS)中的作用。模拟发现横向磁场对非均匀等离子体中SRS的非线性自共振增强有显著抑制作用,分析认为横向磁场作用于SRS激发的电子等离子体波(EPW)势阱中的俘获电子,使它们在横向上加速,对EPW造成非线性阻尼,同时减小EPW的非线性频移量,从而缩窄非均匀等离子体中SRS的自共振空间,极大降低SRS反射率。在此基础上利用横向磁场抑制SRS的特性,以及SBS增长对激光带宽的敏感性,提出了利用横向磁场和宽带激光将SRS和SBS同时抑制在低反射率水平的方案。在采用数十特斯拉横向磁场和实验中易于达到的千分之一量级的激光带宽时以及慢性约束聚变(ICF)相关参数下,SBS和SRS的反射率都得到了有效抑制。     

KDP晶体受激拉曼散射特性

详细比较了磷酸二氢钾(KDP)晶体的自发拉曼散射和受激拉曼散射光谱,在受激拉曼散射(SRS)中观察到了自发拉曼散射中最强的振动模的三阶Stokes光(559.43,589.74,623.50nm),由于其他振动模的受激拉曼散射增益系数较小,其SRS光谱未观察到。另外,比较了传统生长的未退火和退火后的KDP晶体及快速生长的锥区和柱区KDP晶体的受激拉曼散射增益系数,结果表明生长方法和热退火对KDP晶体的受激拉曼散射增益系数无明显影响。     

用染料激光增益降低二元混合物中少量化合物的受激拉曼散射可探测浓度

在二元混合物构成的圆形谐振腔中,用染料的激光增益增强了少量化合物(乙醇溶液中的甲醇、水溶液中的乙醇)的受激拉曼散射（SRS）光谱,将少量化合物在悬垂液滴中的瞬态SRS探测极限提高了近一个数量级. 用受激拉曼散射理论,解释了增强少量化合物SRS的机理. 关键词： 受激拉曼散射 染料激光增益 二元混合物 最小可探测浓度     

激光靶等离子体受激Raman散射

用我们研制的一维半电磁粒子模拟程序数值模拟了神光12^#激光器(λ_L=1.053μm,τ=850ps,I_L=3×10¹⁴—3×10¹⁵W/cm²打靶的受激Raman散射。得到了散射光波、静电(Langmuir)波线性增长和非线性饱和的细致图象、热电子和超热电子分布函数随时间的发展以及超热电子的温度和份额。通过对散射光谱的分析得到晕区电子温度约为1.4—2.5keV,还得到靶等离 关键词：     

On the effect of long-wavelength electron plasma waves onlarge-angle stimulated Raman scattering of short laser pulse in plasmas

Spectral features of a large-angle stimulated Raman scattering (LA SRS) of a short electromagnetic pulse in an underdense plasma, which are caused by the presence in a plasma of a given linear long-wavelength electron plasma wave (LW EPW), are investigated. It is shown that the LW EPW, whose phase velocity coincides with a group velocity of a pulse and a density perturbation normalized to a background electron density δn_LW/n₀ exceeds the ratio of the electron plasma frequency to the laser frequency ω_pe/ω₀ suppresses the well-known Stokes branch of the weakly coupled LA SRS. Under the same condition, the anti-Stokes band appears in the spectrum of the scattered radiation. Variation of a scattering angle and an electron temperature do not significantly modify qualitative features of the effect. In the case of strongly coupled LA SRS, the maximum of the increment is decreased by nearly one-half for δn_LW/n₀~(a₀ω_pe /ω₀)^2/3≫ω_pe /ω₀, where a₀ is an amplitude of an electron quiver velocity in the laser field normalized to a speed of light c, and it decreases further with an increase in plasma density perturbation in LW EPW     

Images of the phase space diagrams during the unfurling of theelectrons when a plasma expands into a plasma

Using a 1-D1v (one dimension for space, one for velocity) electrostatic particle-in-cell (PIC) code, we simulate the dynamics of the expansion of a plasma into a limited plasma, between two polarized electrodes. We show the phase space diagrams for the two electron families, on which we observe the electron unfurling. The unfurling branches are observed to fold up on the others. The velocity distribution is broadened: the electron population is heated     

Electron hole generation and propagation in an inhomogeneous collisionless plasma

The generation of "trains" of electron holes in phase space due to an external electrostatic disturbance is investigated by using a Vlasov-Ampere code with open boundary conditions. Electron holes are produced mostly during the initial phase of the wave-plasma interaction, with a given drift velocity which is maintained until they exit the integration box, even in the presence of plasma inhomogeneities. They present macroscopic features, a dipolar electrostatic field and an electron density perturbation, which can be exploited for diagnostic purposes. Their equilibrium is intrinsically kinetic, in that they are accompanied by a stationary hole in the electron distribution function.     

Stimulated Raman scattering of gaussian laser beam in relativistic plasma

This paper presents an investigation of Stimulated Raman Scattering of gaussian laser beam in relativistic Plasma. The pump beam interacts with a pre-excited electron plasma wave and thereby generate a back-scattered wave. Due to intense laser beam, electron oscillatory velocity becomes comparable to the velocity of light, which modifies the background plasma density profile in a direction transverse to pump beam axis. The relativistic non-linearity due to increase in mass of the electrons effects the incident laser beam, electron plasma wave and back-scattered beam. We have set up the non-linear differential equations for the beam width parameters of the main beam, electron plasma wave, back-scattered wave and derived SRS back-reflectivity by taking full non-linear part of the dielectric constant of relativistic plasma with the help of moment theory approach. It is observed from the analysis that self-focusing of the pump beam greatly affects the SRS reflectivity, which plays a significant role in laser induced fusion.     

Self-consistent multidimensional electron kinetic analysis forinductively coupled plasma sources

Based upon the kinetic equations coupled with electromagnetic analysis for the recently developed inductively coupled plasma sources (ICPS), a self-consistent electron kinetic model is presented for 2-D (r, z) in a cylindrically symmetric configuration space and 2-D (ν _∂, ν_z) in the velocity space, The EM model is based on the mode analysis, while the kinetic analysis gives the perturbed Maxwellian distribution of electrons by solving the Boltzmann-Vlasov equation. The kinetic analysis shows that the RF energy in an ICPS is extracted by a collisionless dissipation mechanism, once the electron thermovelocity is close to the RF phase velocities determined by the reactor height and mode indexes. In this context, the effect of varying the reactor geometry is reported in terms of the electron energy distribution function. The analytical results are compared to the experimental data of Barnes et al. (see Appl. Phys. Lett., vol.62, no.21, p.2622-4 (1993)), which shows qualitative agreements in many aspects     

Modulation of ion sound excitations in electron–ion plasmas with double spectral index distribution function

Theoretical investigation of amplitude modulation of ion sound waves is presented here for an electron–ion plasma where the electrons are dictated by the double spectral index (r, q) distribution function. Using the standard reductive perturbative technique, a non-linear Schrödinger (NLS) equation is derived that describes the evolution of modulated ion sound envelope excitations. Stability analysis of the NLS equation shows that the ion sound waves remain stable for the flat-topped and kappa-like distributions, but they can become unstable for the spiky electron velocity distribution. It is shown that changing the electron population in regions of low and high phase space density regions results in remarkable features that have no equivalent in ion sound waves with Boltzmannian electrons. Different types of localized ion sound excitations are plotted for the different shapes of the distribution functions controlled by the double spectral indices, and the underlying physics is discussed in detail. The present investigation may be beneficial to understand ion sound excitations in space plasmas where the distribution functions of the shapes presented here are frequently encountered by the satellite missions.     

The Polarization Response Function and the Dielectric Permittivity of a Plasma

We give a simple direct derivation of the polarization response function h for linear electrostatic excitations of a plasma (without magnetic field) considering the effect of a percussion on the electrons. The physical meaning of the procedure is discussed, thus bringing into light basic facts of the plasma dielectric behavior. The result h = ?p2f0(x/t) (where f0 is the electron distribution function in velocity space and ?p the plasma frequency) is obtained without passing through the Vlasov-Poisson equations as in the standard theory. We show that the equivalence between the present method and the classic Landau analysis rests on properties of the Fourier transform applied on velocity space.     

Drift vortices in inhomogeneous collisional dusty magnetoplasma

For the sake of investigating the drift coherent vortex structure in an inhomogeneous dense dusty magnetoplasma,using the quantum hydrodynamic model a nonlinear controlling equation is deduced when the collision effect is considered.New vortex solutions of the electrostatic potential are obtained by a special transformation method, and three evolutive cases of monopolar vortex chains with spatial and temporal distribution are analyzed by representative parameters. It is found that the collision frequency, particle density, drift velocity, dust charge number, electron Fermi wavelength, quantum correction,and quantum parameter are all influencing factors of the vortex evolution. Compared to the uniform dusty system, the vortex solutions of the inhomogeneous system present richer spatial evolution and physical meaning. These results may explain corresponding vortex phenomena and support beneficial references for the dense dusty plasma atmosphere.     

Electron distribution function relaxation in monatomic gases

The authors discuss an analytic solution of the Boltzmann equation which describes the relaxation in time of the electron distribution function for electrons in a plasma derived from the monatomic gases He, Ne, Ar, and Xe. It is assumed that there are no perturbing forces on the electrons and that at t=0 they have a Maxwellian distribution function corresponding to an average energy of 2 eV. The electrons then lose energy through elastic collisions with neutrals and eventually energy-equilibrate with the neutrals, which are assumed to be cold. The evolution of the electron distribution function in time and velocity space is calculated for each gas. This model is approximately correct for the afterglow period of an electrical discharge in a monatomic gas. It is possible to calculate a time which is a measure of the decay time of the electron energy in an afterglow plasma