设置反拱加固的拱结构力学性能研究

提出了一种设置反拱结构的拱桥加固方法,该方法是通过在主拱圈拱肋下方设置反拱,在反拱和拱肋之间用竖杆相连,并通过抗弯预埋件和抗剪锚栓把反拱的拱脚和拱肋连接,使反拱结构和原主拱圈共同形成结构受力体系。本文基于有限元参数分析方法,通过设置6个不同参数:拱的矢高f1、拱的拱轴系数m1、反拱的矢高f2、反拱的拱轴系数m2、反拱与待加固拱的等效半径比i、反拱纵向长度与待加固拱的总跨径的比值Kr,以考虑不同拱桥、反拱结构参数对原拱桥关键截面内力、跨中挠度及整体屈曲系数的影响。基于大量计算数据的参数拟合,分别获得跨中弯矩、跨中挠度、拱脚弯矩、拱脚推力、整体屈曲系数的拟合表达式。通过对拟合数据的分析,获得了反拱加固的拱桥结构力学特性的相关变化规律。最后对一个100m跨径拱桥进行加固计算分析,结果表明:本文提出的加固方法不但可以显著提高待加固桥梁的整体刚度与稳定性,而且可有效地降低主拱关键截面的内力。     

力学复合环境下挠性陀螺仪的动力学分析

为研究分析挠性陀螺仪在过载振动复合环境下附加误差形成的机理和建立误差补偿模型,从结构分析入手,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立陀螺仪的实体模型和有限元模型,计算陀螺仪的章动频率,并与实验测量值进行比较,验证了模型的正确性;对挠性陀螺仪在过载-振动复合环境中的动力学特性进行分析研究,得到了各节点轴向位移,结合施加的载荷即可以计算得到陀螺仪的漂移角速度;同时通过模态分析计算得到陀螺仪的固有频率及相应振型.     

压弯钢管拱极限承载力计算的等效梁柱法

对抛物线完善的和具有初始几何缺陷的钢管拱,应用双重非线性有限元方法,分析了其在拱顶集中力和非对称分布荷载作用下的失稳特性,提出了以GB50017-2003的轴力-弯矩相关方程为基本计算公式、采用考虑矢跨比因素的稳定系数和缺陷折减系数的等效梁柱法,与双重非线性有限元计算结果比较表明,这种等效梁柱法可方便且较精确地计算抛物线压弯钢管拱的极限承载力.     

变截面悬链线无铰拱应变影响线的解析解

针对变截面悬链线无铰拱应变影响线尚无解析解的现状,通过弹性中心法对其力法方程进行简化,利用Ritter截面变化规律简化变截面悬链线无铰拱的曲线积分,从而推导出变截面悬链线无铰拱应变影响线的闭合解表达式,再将解析结果与有限元分析结果进行对比研究,并对轴力参数展开对比分析。研究结果表明,本文推导得到变截面悬链线无铰拱应变影响线的解析解,数值解析解同有限元结果间最大相对误差小于2%,其轴力影响随矢跨比和测点位置变化而变化,本文公式具有较高的工程精度和计算分析参考价值。     

输电杆塔螺栓连接区域局部结构有限元分析

利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了500k V同塔双回输电线路塔线耦合体系模型,在不同脱冰率情况下对塔线体系的动力响应进行了数值模拟。分析了杆塔在各脱冰率下的受力情况并结合现场倒塔情况,确定了杆塔危险区域,建立了该危险区域局部结构三维有限元模型。将由塔线体系模型计算得到的危险区域边界的力施加于三维局部模型上,计算了该区域在导线脱冰过程中的应力。模拟研究连接螺栓预紧力不同的情况下危险区域的应力和变形,发现螺栓预紧力减小时杆塔容易破坏,这一结论对输电杆塔的设计和安装具有指导意义。     

离心压缩机叶轮三维有限元强度分析系统

根据离心压缩机叶轮形状的特点,通过有效的网格自动划分和边界条件的处理,采用三维有限元方法进行了强度计算与分析,从而建立了离心叶轮三维有限元强度分析系统。对于叶轮与主轴之间的过盈配合,求出配合处由于变形而产生的弹性支力,以载荷形式施加于配合之处,由于计算时不加入主轴,从而减少了一,通过等厚度圆尖力的计算验证了有限元程序的可靠性,最二,对一个实际的三元流叶轮进行了计算,通过编制的后处理软件,对影响叶轮     

封隔器卡瓦接触应力研究

封隔器上的卡瓦锚定后起到支撑封隔器、锁定胶皮筒的作用,其性能好坏直接影响到油井的产量和生产安全。卡瓦与套管间的咬合力分布决定了封隔器在使用中的成败。咬合力的分布是否合理,将直接关系到套管的损伤程度及卡瓦的寿命。文中同时应用有限元法和三维光弹性技术对封隔器卡瓦进行了接触应力分析,介绍了实验模型的建立和实验步骤以及计算模型的建立和边界条件的考虑,比较了数值计算与三维光弹实验的结果,分析了造成误差的原因。实验应力分析结果为有限元计算模型的建立及边界条件的确定提供了重要的实验保证。研究工作获得了一些重要的结果,为封隔器卡瓦的优化设计提供了相关的参数。     

几何精确NURBS有限元中边界条件施加方式对精度影响的三维计算分析

非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)有限元法把计算机辅助几何设计(CAGD)中的NURBS几何构形方法与有限元方法有机结合起来,有效消除了有限元离散模型的几何误差,提高了计算精度。但是由于NURBS基函数不是插值函数,直接在控制节点上施加位移边界条件会引起较大误差。本文详细讨论了NURBS基函数的插值特性,在NURBS有限元分析中采用罚函数法施加位移边界条件,提高了收敛率和计算精度。结合典型三维弹性力学问题,对两种施加位移边界条件的方法进行了对比和分析。计算结果表明,直接施加位移边界条件会导致收敛率和精度的明显降低,而基于罚函数法的NURBS有限元分析则能达到最优收敛率,并具有更高的精度。     

刚构连续梁桥墩梁固节点结构的光弹性试验及有限元分析

某铁路特大桥的主桥部分采用预应力混凝土刚构连续梁桥,本文采用光弹性模型冻结应力法对该刚构连续梁桥墩梁固节点结构进行了应力分析,给出了结构边界应力分布和主应力迹线。应用ANSYS软件对墩梁固节点实际结构进行了有限元计算。将实验与有限元分析结果进行了比较,结果表明,实验应力分析法与有限元数值法吻合较好。在有限元分析中,对墩梁固节点结构梁端加载边界的影响区进行了研究,通过合理选择梁的长度可以有效减小局部应力。模型实验和有限元计算的结果为结构的优化设计提供了重要的依据。     

CFRP索斜拉桥的索-浅拱模型及面内自由振动分析

本文针对斜拉桥的受力特点,基于索和浅拱的经典动力学运动方程,结合拉索与浅拱之间的耦合边界条件,并且考虑两者的几何非线性,建立了斜拉桥的多索-浅拱面内自由振动模型。将浅拱分段处理,结合索、浅拱连接处的动态平衡条件,应用分离变量法,建立多索-浅拱模型的面内自由振动理论。以双索浅拱模型为例,求解其特征值问题。同时,建立了相应的有限元模型,有限元计算结果与本文理论分析吻合良好。最后针对CFRP索斜拉桥的关键参数,基于本文的索-浅拱理论,对面内自由振动进一步研究。研究表明：浅拱的矢高在一定范围内变化,仅对某一阶频率产生影响,而其他各阶频率几乎没影响;CFRP拉索能显著改善索-浅拱组合结构的基本动力学特性。     

Non-linear finite element analysis of flexible risers in presence of buoyancy force and seabed interaction boundary condition

A non-linear finite element static analysis for flexible risers with large displacements is presented using a four-node pipe elbow element with 24 degrees of freedom. A pipe–soil interaction model is used to identify seabed boundary condition. The effects of buoyancy force as well as steady-state current loading are considered in the finite element solution for riser structures response. In fact considering buoyancy force among with current loading and seabed interaction boundary condition in this paper leads to a particular formulation. The resulting formulation has been implemented in a finite element code which is subsequently used to model and analyze some typical riser configurations. The results of some sample solutions are given to illustrate the accuracy and capability of the formulation.     

用光力学和有限元法确定钢壳的动态响应

本文提出了壳体在冲击载荷作用下三维位移分布的光力学方法的实验解和有限元数值解。采用一种新型的电磁脉冲加载装置,实现了对试件施加重复性很好的冲击载荷,利用测得的力一时间关系曲线作为外力边界条件,用逐步积分法对壳体在冲击载荷下的动态响应作了分析。光力学方法的实验解和有限元数值解吻合较好。     

拱桥悬臂施工过程中面内特征值的传递矩阵法

采用传递矩阵法对拱桥悬臂施工过程中的面内特征值问题进行求解,建立了该类桥型施工过程中面内竖弯刚度的评估方法.首先,将索和拱分别视为无垂度的张紧弦和欧拉伯努利梁,基于传递矩阵法基本理论推导了系统的总传递矩阵,考虑拱和索的边界条件以及索拱节点的位移连续性条件得到系统的特征值方程,进而计算出系统的频率和模态.同时,采用有限元...     

Evaluating orthodontic force system in clinical condition with a numerical method

The aim of this paper is to quantitatively evaluating orthodontic force system during orthodontic treatment with a numerical method. Dental cast models were made to obtain digital models with impressions of a patient’s dental arch at regular intervals. Then the displacement of each bracket for a period of time was obtained by computer aided inspection. The finite element model of archwire in free status and brackets engaged in archwire was built. With the derived displacements applied as the boundary condition, the orthodontic force system at a time point was derived by a finite element analysis. The error of this method, especially the influences of friction and material of archwire on the orthodontic force system were discussed at last. This method can quantitatively evaluate the orthodontic force system generated from elastic material in clinic condition, the deformation history of archwire need to be traced for the orthodontic force generated from shape memory alloy.     

Biomechanical evaluation of heel elevation on load transfer — experimental measurement and finite element analysis

In spite of ill-effects of high heel shoes, they are widely used for women. Hence, it is essential to understand the load transfer biomechanics in order to design better fit and comfortable shoes. In this study, both experimental measurement and finite element analysis were used to evaluate the biomechanical effects of heel height on foot load transfer. A controlled experiment was conducted using custom-designed platforms. Under different weight-bearing conditions, peak plantar pressure, contact area and center of pressure were analyzed. A three-dimensional finite element foot model was used to simulate the high-heel support and to predict the internal stress distributions and deformations for different heel heights. Results from both experiment and model indicated that heel elevations had significant effects on all variables. When heel elevation increased, the center of pressure shifted from the midfoot region to the forefoot region, the contact area was reduced by 26% from 0 to 10.2 cm heel and the internal stress of foot bones increased. Prediction results also showed that the strain and total tension force of plantar fascia was minimum at 5.1 cm heel condition. This study helps to better understand the biomechanical behavior of foot, and to provide better suggestions for design parameters of high heeled shoes.     

An analysis of the modeling of stress and strain fields in a real microstructure using a hybrid method

The distribution of stress and strain fields in a micro-structural area of a particle reinforced composite is studied by a combination of experimental and numerical method (hybrid method). With the experimental values of displacements in a micro-region as the boundary loading condition, strain and stress fields inside the micro-region are calculated by the finite element method under two different kinds of modeling, namely, as plane stress and plane strain condition. The differences between the two kinds of modeling conditions as applied to micro-structural areas are discussed. Project Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19972046) and National Overseas Study Foundation.     

短裂纹闭合的尺寸效应分析

对循环荷作用下缺口根部静态短裂纹和扩展短裂纹的闭合现象进行了弹塑性有限元分析。考虑不同应力水平和应力比，尤其是零－压载荷对短裂纹的作用。在此基础上提出分析长，短裂纹闭合尺寸效应的修正模型。与实验结果相比，本文模型对短裂纹的闭合预测甚好。     

Elastoplastic constitutive modeling under the complex loading driven by GRU and small-amount data

In this paper, a data-driven method to model the three-dimensional engineering structure under the cyclic load with the one-dimensional stress-strain data is proposed. In this method, one-dimensional stress-strain data obtained under uniaxial load and different loading history is learned offline by gate recurrent unit (GRU) network. The learned constitutive model is embedded into the general finite element framework through data expansion from one dimension to three dimensions, which can perform stress updates under the three-dimensional setting. The proposed method is then adopted to drive numerical solutions of boundary value problems for engineering structures. Compared with direct numerical simulations using the J2 plasticity model, the stress-strain response of beam structure with elastoplastic materials under forward loading, reverse loading and cyclic loading were predicted accurately. Loading path dependent response of structure was captured and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified. The shortcomings of the proposed method are also discussed.