微波消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定出口芳香油中痕量铅

采用微波消解技术溶样,氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定了出口芳香油中痕量铅.系统地研究了微波消解、氢化物发生的最佳条件,方法简便快速,在选定的实验条件下,方法检出限为0.25 μg·L~(-1),相对标准偏差小于5%,回收率为86.5%～100.5%.     

灰化消解-极谱法测定油料中五个重金属元素

建立了灰化消解-极谱法测定油样中镉、铅、铜、镍、钴等5种微量重金属元素的含量.油料样品通过灰化法消解后,用极谱法在乙酸-乙酸盐缓冲溶液和磺基水杨酸-磷酸-氨水体系中测定5种重金属元素的含量.5种微量重金属元素的检出限为1.3×10-4～9.8×10-4 g·L-1,加标回收率为90%～106%,相对标准偏差为0.22%～3.16%.     

毛细管电泳单脉冲伏安测定重金属铜铅锌镉

以毛细管为分离通道 ,在KNO3 缓冲溶液中 ,用表面镀汞膜的金微电极作为工作电极 ,采用单脉冲伏安法同时测定铜、锌、铅、镉含量 ,考察并优化了影响分离和检测的相关因素 :缓冲溶液pH、分离高压、脉冲上限和下限、脉冲宽度等。该法的最佳实验条件 :5mmol/LKNO3(pH6.0) ,分离高压20kV ,脉冲上限 -0.2V ,脉冲下限 -1.15V(vs.SCE) ,脉冲宽度500ms。结果表明 ,各峰面积与其离子浓度成线性关系 ,线性范围(μg/mL)分别为 :铜5.0×10-2～10.0;锌1.0×10-2～10.0 ;铅5.0×10-2～5.0 ;镉2.0×10-2～10.0。加标回收率在95%～110%之间。用该法较好地测定了水样中的重金属铜锌铅镉     

丁二酮肟复合铋膜修饰电极测定痕量铅

目的：通过探讨缓冲溶液、 pH、丁二酮肟和镀铋液浓度、富集时间、富集电位对方波溶出伏安法测铅的影响,建立了一种快速测定水样痕量铅的新方法。方法采用丁二酮肟复合同位镀铋膜修饰铂电极,用方波溶出伏安法对水样中痕量铅进行测定。结果在优化的实验条件下,2.0＆#215;10-8～1.0＆#215;10-5 mol/L范围内Pb2＋峰电流与浓度呈良好的线性关系（ r≥0.9963）,富集时间为240 s时, Pb2＋的检出限为2＆#215;10-9 mol/L。结论该法操作简便、灵敏度高、检测限低,且样品经简单消解后即可直接用于测定,无需复杂的富集分离过程。与石墨炉原子吸收法比较,结果一致性较好,效果满意。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定植物染发剂中的铅镉铜

建立了微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定植物染发剂中重金属铅、镉和铜的方法.采用L9(34)正交设计讨论了固液比、消解剂体积比、消解时间和消解压力对样品消解效果的影响,最佳的消解条件:固液比(g/mL)为1∶12,HNO3/H2O2(V/V)为4∶1,消解时间为5min,消解压力1.5MPa.在最佳微波消解条件下,进行了精密度实验、回收率实验,相对标准偏差为1.05%~3.35%,回收率为96.67%~105.43%.微波消解法处理植物染发剂样品,试剂用量少、消解完全、快速、简便,而且测定结果的精密度、准确度较好.     

ABS工程塑料中铅、铬(Ⅵ)、镉及汞含量测定

用浓硫酸与浓硝酸(1 5)的混合酸消解ABS工程塑料试样,消解过程中铅(Ⅱ)以PbSO4形式沉淀,用乙酸铵溶解PbSO4沉淀后在乙酸盐缓冲溶液中用火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定铅,检出限为0.088 mg·L-1.溶液中镉(Ⅱ)也用FAAS法测定,其检出限为0.074 mg·L-1,溶液中汞采用氢化物发生,冷原子蒸气-原子吸收光谱法测定,其检出限为0.64 μg·L-1.六价铬采用二苯基羰酰二肼光度法测定,检出限为0.039 mg·L-1.对方法的精密度及回收率作了试验,测得相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于3.5%,回收率在91.8%～106.0%之间.     

米面中痕量铍的微波消解-固相萃取/石墨炉原子吸收光谱法分析

建立了微波消解-固相萃取/石墨炉原子吸收法富集并测定米面中痕量铍的方法.采用微波消解制样,7-(2'-胂酸基-5'-羧酸)苯偶氮-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸(H2L)与Be2+螯合形成BeL络合物,C18固相萃取柱(C18-SPE)富集BeL,石墨炉原子吸收法测定C18柱洗脱液中的BeL.最佳实验条件为:采用50 μL pH 3.0的50 g/L H2L水溶液与样品中的铍螯合15 min,水相上柱,用2 mL 50%(体积分数)甲醇溶液洗脱.结果表明,方法的线性范围为0.05 ～14 μg/L,检出限为0.02 μg/L,对实际米面样品测定的加标回收率为90% ～110%,可用于食品等复杂基质中痕量铍的测定.     

微波消解-毛细管电泳法测定茶叶中的生物碱

应用微波消解-毛细管电泳法测定3种茶叶中的咖啡因、腺嘌呤及儿茶素类化合物.优化了缓冲溶液体系、浓度、pH及分离电压等实验条件.在最佳实验条件下,以30 mmol/L硼砂-10 mmol/L β-环糊精为缓冲溶液,pH为9.0,分离电压为22 kV,检测波长为280 nm,电动进样20 kV×5s时,在7 min内同时分...     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定玩具包装物中六价铬和镉、汞、铅

用常规酸消解法或微波消解法消解样品,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了玩具包装物中的铬、镉、汞、铅的含量.对六价铬、镉、汞、铅的总含量超过100 mg·kg-1的样品,用共沉淀分离消解液中三价铬后,再用ICP-AES测定六价铬的含量,建立了玩具包装物中六价铬、镉、汞、铅的快速分析方法.方法的回收率为91.2%～103.5%,相对标准偏差(n=11)均小于3%.     

微波消解-ICP-AES测定食品塑料包装中钛、铅、铬和镉

采用微波消解技术,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定食品塑料包装中钛、铅、铬和镉.研究了消解程序和消解试剂,建立了塑料样品的微波消解方法.测定了三种不同的食品包装用塑料,方法回收率为73.3%~101.7%,相对标准偏差为0.3%~10.7%,钛、铅、铬和镉在塑料中的检出限分别为1.50、7.38...     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。