亚波长锥形波导的电磁场分布及传输特性

利用时谐电磁场和波导理论,推导出锥形卒心金属波导中球横电模和球横磁模各电磁场分量的解析表达式,对输出孔径是哑波长尺寸的锥形空心金属波导内球横电模和球横磁模的传输特性及与锥形空心金属波导内光透射率有关的时间平均能量密度分布进行了详细的分析.运用数值求解获得的精确本征值,进一步讨论了光波波长、锥形波导的长度、输出孔径以及锥角对锥形空心金属波导内时间平均能量密度分布的影响.研究结果表明,时间平均能量密度分布在锥形金属波导内呈现准周期性变化,且周期与传输模式、锥角及光波波长有关.并且,在传输径向坐标上会出现一个最大值,最大值的位置随光波波长、锥角发生强烈的变化.     

新型1×N多模干涉分束器的三维设计与模拟

相比于传统的1×N对称型多模干涉（Mult-Mode Interference,MMI）分束器设计,提出了一种新型埋入式弱限制光波导分束器件.它的干涉区及输入输出波导采用倒锥形式,器件尺寸减小,且不均匀性与附加损耗也减小.以1×4的对称型MMI分束器为例,当只对干涉区采用倒锥形结构后,在TE偏振中心波长为1.55 μm时,器件长度减小了500 μm,均匀性增加了0.131 dB,而附加损耗仅增加了0.02 dB,波长响应较传统设计增加了40 nm.在此基础上,又在输入输出臂上也各增加倒锥形结构后,相比于传统设计附加损耗减小了0.02 dB,均匀性增加了0.139 dB,器件长度减小了500 μm.改进后的器件具有优越的容差性.器件采用掺氟型聚合物材料进行优化设计,通过在合理范围内偏离输出波导位置,使输出光强达到最大值.     

耦合腔光子晶体慢光波导结构

在单线缺陷结构中引入两个附加的相邻介质柱,构成一种新型的光子晶体耦合腔波导结构.通过平面波展开法对波导结构的的慢光特性进行了仿真分析,研究了平移线缺陷上下两侧介质柱,以及改变腔体的长度对器件色散特性和群速度的影响.结果表明:与平移缺陷上下两侧介质柱相比,通过改变腔体的长度,不仅可将光群速度低到0.03c(c为真空下的光速),而且器件的有效波长范围接近20nm.利用时域有限差分法得到波导结构的传输场分布图,研究波长的选取对入射激励光在光子晶体耦合腔波导中传输场的影响,发现结构参量优化后的光子晶体耦合腔波导仍然具有良好的传输特性.     

基于光纤环形腔激光器的可调谐全光波长转换器的研究

在光纤环形腔激光器中引入周期极化反转铌酸锂(PPLN)光波导，用该激光器产生的连续光作为抽运光和控制光，使其与外加的信号光发生非线性效应实现可调谐波长转换.介绍了基于准相位匹配的PPLN光波导中的和频与差频级联型全光波长转换器的基本原理.对抽运光、信号光、控制光以及转换光的光功率随着PPLN光波导的变化进行了模拟.还对转换效率随着转换光波长的变化进行了数值计算.实验验证了该波长转换器的可调谐性. 关键词： 周期极化反转铌酸锂 和频与差频 可调谐全光波长转换 光纤环形腔激光器     

基于平面光波导谐振腔的可调谐光电振荡器

提出了一种基于平面光波导谐振腔的可调谐光电振荡器.该振荡器中,相位调制器串联光波导谐振腔,取代了传统系统中的强度调制器、长光纤和滤波器.由于光学谐振腔对光子频率和相位敏感,调节激光器改变输出光的波长,不仅可以调制光的强度,还可以对微波光子进行选频输出.当光子在波导腔中发生谐振时,产生很强的延时特性,可以取代传统系统中的长光纤.整个光电振荡器系统体积为长29.5cm、宽21cm、高7cm.实验中,改变0.1pm的光子波长,能够产生步长为12.535.5 MHz的调谐,调谐范围达2 GHz,且系统能够产生10 GHz的微波信号,在中心频率为10 GHz处其相位噪声为-109.7dBc/Hz@10kHz.该研究为光电振荡器的小型化和实用化提供了一种新的思路.     

热敏电阻用于补偿Y波导温度漂移

铌酸锂集成光学相位调制器(Y波导)是数字闭环光纤陀螺的核心器件.温度变化引起相位调制器产生附加相位漂移,直接影响标度因数的稳定性,从而导致光纤陀螺零点漂移.因此,补偿温度引起Y波导附加相位漂移显得尤其重要.本文提出在Y波导驱动电路的运放电路中引入热敏电阻.利用热敏电阻的温度特性构建了温度补偿电路.温度变化引起运放电路放大倍数的改变,Y波导上调制电压的变化从而补偿温度引起Y波导的附加相位漂移.理论计算和实验结果证明,该方法可以简单、方便地提高光纤陀螺、光纤电流传感器等仪表的温度稳定性.     

基于PPLN波导中倍频与差频效应的全光波长转换

对准相位匹配的铌酸锂光波导中基于倍频与差频级联二阶非线性效应的全光波长转换进行了研究.在建立理论模型的基础上,分别对单脉冲以及序列光脉冲的波长转换过程进行了数值模拟,并对转换过程中的走离现象以及脉冲延迟进行了分析.模拟结果表明信号光与抽运光脉冲非同步输入的情况下可以克服走离效应的影响,得到更好的转换效率.另外,在抽运时钟脉冲的驱动下,输入的40 Gb/s的NRZ信号光可以转换为RZ转换光,且波形较好.     

单到单和单到双信道皮秒脉冲全光波长转换的实验研究

基于周期极化反转铌酸锂（PPLN）光波导级联倍频和差频（SHG+DFG）的二阶非线性效应,提出并实验研究了皮秒脉冲的可调谐波长转换以及单信道到双信道的波长转换.信号光采用重复频率为40 GHz,脉宽为1.57 ps的脉冲信号.连续抽运光由光纤环形腔激光器（FRL）提供.不同于传统的SHG+DFG型波长转换,信号光固定在PPLN光波导倍频过程的准相位匹配（QPM）波长处,通过调节抽运光的波长实现了转换空闲光的可调谐输出.当使用两个抽运光时实验观察到了单信道到双信道的波长转换.     

锥形脊结构半导体光放大器的有限元分析

为提高半导体光放大器与单模光纤耦合效率，建立了半导体放大器的锥形脊结构模型。在该模型下利用有限元数值模拟方法分析，计算了波导区折射率、锥尖宽度、条形波导尺寸、渐变折射率波导层对锥形脊结构模式扩展的影响。通过完善锥形脊结构参量的设计，获得了锥形脊结构半导体光放大器与单模光纤95％的耦合效率。     

一种新型多模干涉分束器的设计模拟

相比于传统的1×N对称型多模干涉(MMI)分束器,提出了一种新型埋入式弱限制光波导分束器件,它的干涉区及输入输出波导采用倒锥形式.以1×4的对称型MMI分束器为例,在输入输出臂上各增加了倒锥形结构后,较传统设计附加损耗减小了0.02 dB,均匀性增加了0.139 dB,器件长度减小了500 μm.同时,改进后的器件具有优越的偏振相关性及容差性.器件采用掺氟型聚合物材料进行优化设计,通过在合理范围内偏离输出波导位置,使输出光强达到最大值.     

单模光纤双圆锥体的传输特性

本文研究并制作了光纤双圆锥体滤波器,给出了耦合模总相位差与滤波性能之间的关系,讨论了推的对称性对滤波器峰值传输的影响,对不同结构的锥体谱特性进行数值计算以验证分析结果,最后给出了实验结果对照.     

On the fundamental possibility of creating a laser reference for a local acoustic pressure in a fluid

The possibility of establishing an unambiguous relation between the amplitude of a local acoustic pressure in a fluid and the parameter laser radiation scattered on microparticles located in this region has been studied. The fundamental difficulty of the problem, which has not been overcome in preceding works, is due to the uncontrollable phase taper of probe laser beams even in the simplest case of a harmonic acoustic wave. It has been shown that the inclusion of nonlinear components of the phase taper makes it possible to unambiguously express the amplitude of the local excess pressure in the region of interference of two crossing laser beams in terms of the parameters of the medium and the parameters of scattered radiation. This indicates the fundamental possibility of creating a laser reference for acoustic pressure in fluids.     

Top-hat beam Tm<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-doped fiber laser using an intracavity abrupt taper

The top-hat beam clad-pumped Tm³⁺-doped fiber laser was realized simply using an intracavity multi-mode abrupt taper. The ratio of the flat-top diameter to the spot diameter reaches 53%, with a small intensity variation less than 6%, and the top-hat beam’s half-divergence angle is only 5.3°. The fiber laser has a maximal output power of 5 W with slope efficiency of 39.7%, pumped by the 792 nm diode laser (LD). The abrupt taper is directly made on the multi-mode double-clad Tm³⁺-doped fiber near the fiber laser output end with the 0.45 ratio of taper waist diameter to fiber clad diameter, and this fiber end 4% Fresnel reflection is used to be the output coupler. The fiber laser’s high reflective coupler is an intracore multi-mode FBG, which is directly written into the multi-mode Tm³⁺-doped fiber core using femtosecond laser and phase mask, at the other fiber end. The abrupt taper has no obviously influence on the fiber laser output power, and the output laser spectrum.     

Nonlinear analysis of wiggler taper, node competition, andspace-charge effects for a 280-GHz free electron laser

The nonlinear characteristics of a 280-GHz free electron laser (FEL) are simulated by numerical computation. The three-dimensional set of coupled nonlinear differential equations is solved for a set of TE and TM modes valid for the high gain Compton regime. The use of a nonlinear taper for efficiency enhancement, the sensitivity of gain to competing mode power levels, space-charge effects, and the effect of electron beam source distributions on gain and efficiency are examined for a 10-MeV, 3-kA beam. It is found that the nonlinear taper greatly enhances the gain and efficiency and makes the saturation power levels relatively insensitive to the competing mode power levels. The efficiency is increased to 48% by means of a nonlinear taper in which the 3-D and wiggler-averaged codes are compared and the effects of space charge are found to reduce the efficiency to a level of 32%. The effect of beam quality in terms of the four volume phase space is examined and found to have an observable effect at this wavelength     

Spectral Phase and Intensity Evolutions of Supercontinuum Generation in a Biconical Tapered Fiber

Supercontinuum (SC) spectrum generation in a biconical tapered fiber is theoretically studied by taking into account the varying dispersion characteristics. Our numerical model is based on the extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation including higher-order dispersive terms, self-steepening, and Raman nonlinearity terms. We demonstrate how the group velocity dispersion and effective core area vary in the input taper region, which is significant for the broadening of the SC spectrum in the subsequent waist region. The evolutions of the unwrapped spectral phase and the spectral intensity along the transition and waist regions of the tapered fiber are also investigated in detail. It is found that the output taper has a considerable effect on the nonlinear variation of the spectral phase, e.g., 6.5 rad/THz in the infrared range of 280–300 THz (i.e., 1071–1000 nm in wavelength) and 21 rad/THz in the visible range of 600–620 THz (i.e., 500–484 nm).     

电光聚合物波导中的锥形结构

提出并设计了一种基于电光聚合物的锥形波导,可用于单模光纤与电光聚合物波导器件之间的连接.锥形波导中采用了宽度锥形和折射率锥形结构.宽度锥形采用劈形形状,通过宽度和折射率的缓慢变化实现模场转换.劈形形状的宽度锥形具有较小的损耗且易于制作,折射率锥形可采用灰度掩膜光刻技术制作.研究了锥形波导的传输损耗与锥形波导的长度、波导宽度和厚度、材料吸收损耗等参数的关系及其优化,分析了锥形波导中的功率传输、模场分布与模式转换效率.结果显示锥形波导的传输损耗小于0.37 dB,光纤-波导-光纤的连接损耗优于1.62 dB,对插入损耗的改善达到8.78 dB,模场转换效率达到了83.7%.     

纤维光锥有效透过率的理论分析

光锥的有效透过率不仅影响光锥与CCD的耦合效率,而且会影响到耦合器件的信噪比.本文主要从理论上讨论了影响光锥有效透过率性能的因素,从纤维光学元件的实际内部结构推导出了其实际有效填充率,从光线在光锥中的传输特征推导出了光线在光锥中传播时产生的衰减损耗,最后提出了提高光锥有效透过率的方法和途径.     

Surface plasmon resonance based tapered fiber optic sensor with different taper profiles

A theoretical model for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based tapered fiber optic sensor is proposed with three different taper profiles, namely, linear, parabolic, and exponential-linear. The effect of taper ratio and taper profiles on the sensor’s performance is studied in detail and the design considerations for significantly enhanced sensitivity are reported. The study shows that the exponential-linear taper profile with high taper ratio provides the best performance. The physical reasons behind sensitivity enhancement due to taper ratio and taper profile are given, wherever required.     

门控分幅相机增益均匀性优化设计

 利用宽度渐变微带线进行了门控分幅相机增益不均匀性修正技术研究。建立了渐变微带线修正的物理模型,通过特性阻抗调配补偿幅度衰减,设计了特种渐变微带线参数。比较了特种曲线渐变微带线与传统直线渐变微带线的修正效果。在0~4 GHz带宽范围内,特种曲线渐变微带补偿后,电压幅度不一致性由15.0%降低至1.6%,增益不一致性由70%降低到8%。对于当前使用的分幅相机,微带线宽度由6.00 mm渐变到4.45 mm就能有效地降低门控分幅相机增益的不一致性。     

Design and Optimization of Nonlinear Tapers using Particle Swarm Optimization

In this paper the design and optimization of a nonlinear diameter taper, connecting the output section of a gyrotron cavity to the uniform output waveguide section, is presented. The design of a nonlinear taper of a 42 GHz, 200 kW CW gyrotron operating in the TE_0,3 cavity mode with axial output collection has been taken as a case study. The taper synthesis has been carried out considering a raised cosine type of nonlinear taper and the analysis is done using a dedicated scattering matrix code. In addition, an improved particle swarm optimization - an evolutionary optimization - algorithm is used for the design optimization of this nonlinear taper. The optimum design of the taper shows the effectiveness of the presented method.