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1.
The crystalline Br, I and CH3 derivatives of 9-hydroxyphenalenone (5X–9HPO) and their deuteroxy analogues (5X–9DPO) are treated by application of the Ising model approaches. The molecular field parameter (J0) as well as the tunneling parameter (Ω) are evaluated for each material with the help of different quantum chemistry procedures. As our evaluations show both relations Ω(D)/J0 and Ω(H)/J0 are less than unity in the case of 5CH3–9(H/D)PO derivatives that leads to an appearance of the low-temperature ordered (anti-ferroelectric) phase. A relatively small Ω(D)/J0 (0.2–0.4) values derived in the case of 5Br– and 5I–9DPO imply the tendency to transition into the similar phase in these species. At the same time a rather large values of Ω(H)/J0 (0.9–1.7) derived in the case of their hydroxy analogues speak in favor of their quantum paraelectric behavior. The obtained theoretical estimations and conclusions are compared with the available experimental data.  相似文献   

2.
A method for predicting an analytical equation of state for polymer mixtures and blends from surface tension and liquid state density at normal (ordinary) temperature (γn, ρn), as scaling constants, is presented. B2(T) follows a promising corresponding-states principle. Calculation of (T) and b(T), the two other temperature-dependent constants of the equation of state, are made possible by scaling. As a result, γn and ρn are sufficient for determination of thermophysical properties of polymer mixtures and blends.

We applied the procedure to predict liquid density of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-200) + 1-octanol solutions and poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) + poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-200) blends at compressed state with temperature range from 298.15 to 338.15 K and pressures up to 40 MPa. In this work, the ISM EoS is extended to polymer mixtures and blends as well as pure case without proposing any mixing rule.  相似文献   


3.
The molecular structures of n-hexane were determined by RHF/4-21G ab initio geometry optimization at 30° grid points in its three-dimensional τ1(C11–C8–C5–C1), τ2(C14–C11–C8–C5), τ3(C17–C14–C11–C8) conformational space. Of the resulting 12×12×12=1728 grid structures, 468 are symmetrically non-equivalent and were optimized constraining the torsions τ1, τ2, and τ3 to the respective grid points, while all other structural parameters were relaxed without any constraints. From the results, complete parameter surfaces were constructed using natural cubic spline functions, which make it possible to calculate parameter gradients, |P|=[(∂P/∂τi)2+(∂P/∂τj)2]1/2, where P is a C–C bond length or C–C–C angle. The parameter gradients provide an effective measure of the torsional sensitivity of the system and indicate that dynamic activities in one part of the molecule can significantly affect the density of states, and thus the contributions to vibrational entropy, in another part. This opens the possibility of dynamic entropic conformational steering in complex molecules; i.e. the generation of free energy contributions from dynamic effects of one part of a molecule on another. When the conformational trends in the calculated C–C bond lengths and C–C–C angles are compared with average parameters taken from some 900 crystallographic structures containing n-hexyl fragments or longer C–C bond sequences, some correlation between calculated and experimental trends in angles is found, in contrast to the bond lengths for which the two sets of data are in complete disagreement. The results confirm experiences often made in crystallography. That is, effects of temperature, crystal structure and packing, and molecular volume effects are manifested more clearly in bond lengths than bond angles which depend mainly on intramolecular properties. Frequency analyses of the τ1, τ2 and τ3 torsional angles in the crystal structures show conformational steering in the sense that, if τ1 is trans peri-planar (170°≤τ1≤180°; −180°≤τ1≤−170°), the values of τ2 and τ3 are clustered closely around the ideal gauche (±60°) and trans (±180°) positions. In contrast, when τ1 is in the region (50°≤τ1≤70°), there is a definite increase in the populations of τ2 and τ3 at −90 and −150°.  相似文献   

4.
2,3,4-triphenyl-1-oxa-4-azabutadine (C20H15NO) has been studied by X-ray analysis and AM1 molecular orbital methods. It crystallises in the triclinic space group P-1 with a=9.414(3), b=10.479(3), c=8.385(2) Å, =103.31(3)°, β=97.10(3)°, γ=74.09(1)°, V=772.5(4) Å3, Z=2, Dc=1.227 gcm−3, and μ(MoK)=0.075 mm−1 and F000=300. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R=0.043 for 2672 reflections [I>2σ(I)]. The conformational analysis of the title compound were investigated by semi-empirical quantum mechanical AM1 calculations. The minimum conformation energies were calculated as a function of the three torsion angles θ1(O(1)C(7)C(8)N(1)), θ2(C(8)N(1)C(15)C(16)) and θ3(C(14)C(9)C(8)N(1)). The results are compared with the X-ray results. C=O and C=N groups are twisted about each other by 95.5(2)°.  相似文献   

5.
The paper presents a new method for predicting the frequency of the b1 mode, which is infrared-inactive, in complexes of the type LM(CO)5 belonging to C4V point group. The method was based on the relation λ3=λ4+[(1−δ/δ)](λ1λ2), where δ=(λ1λ2)/(λ1λ2+λ3λ4), λ1, λ2, λ3 and λ4 are the λ parameters of the , , b1 and e modes, respectively. For a large numbers of complexes of the type LM(CO)5 the average value of δ was found to be 0.80, with a standard deviation of 0.02. With the use of average value of δ, the frequencies of b1 mode were estimated. The result obtained indicated that there exists a rather good fit between observed and calculated frequencies, with a mean error of 2.7 cm−1. In addition, it was shown that the δ parameter can be used as a criterion of the correct band assignment for the complexes understudy.  相似文献   

6.
采用水热技术,合成了一种新型四帽Keggin结构多酸化合物[H3Mo8V8O40(AsO4)](en)2(4,4-bipy)7·9H2O(en:乙二胺;bipy:联吡啶)(1),并对化合物进行了元素分析、红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱和X射线单晶结构分析。 晶体结构分析表明, 化合物属三斜晶系,P1空间群,晶胞参数a=1.47395(5) nm,b=1.48172(6) nm,c=1.62881(7) nm,α=66.16(3)°,β=87.15(2)°,γ=63.42(1)°,V=2.8723(2) nm3,Z=1,R1=0.0728,wR2=0.2014。 化合物由四帽Keggin多酸阴离子、4,4'-联吡啶、乙二胺和结晶水分子构成,化合物分子间存在大量的氢键,使化合物1形成3-D超分子结构。 荧光测试表明,化合物1能发出较强的荧光,有可能成为潜在的光活性材料。  相似文献   

7.
The syntheses and structural determination of NdIII and ErIII complexes with nitrilotriacetic acid (nta) were reported in this paper. Their crystal and molecular structures and compositions were determined by single-crystal X-ray structure analyses and elemental analyses, respectively. The crystal of K3[NdIII(nta)2(H2O)]·6H2O complex belongs to monoclinic crystal system and C2/c space group. The crystal data are as follows: a=1.5490(11) nm, b=1.3028(9) nm, c=2.6237(18) nm, β=96.803(10)°, V=5.257(6) nm3, Z=8, M=763.89, Dc=1.930 g cm−3, μ=2.535 mm−1 and F(000)=3048. The final R1 and wR1 are 0.0390 and 0.0703 for 4501 (I>2σ(I)) unique reflections, R2 and wR2 are 0.0758 and 0.0783 for all 10474 reflections, respectively. The NdIIIN2O7 part in the [NdIII(nta)2(H2O)]3− complex anion has a pseudo-monocapped square antiprismatic nine-coordinate structure in which the eight coordinate atoms (two N and six O) are from the two nta ligands and a water molecule coordinate to the central NdIII ion directly. The crystal of the K3[ErIII(nta)2(H2O)]·5H2O complex also belongs to monoclinic crystal system and C2/c space group. The crystal data are as follows: a=1.5343(5) nm, b=1.2880(4) nm, c=2.6154(8) nm, b=96.033(5)°, V=5.140(3) nm3, Z=8, M=768.89, Dc=1.987 g cm−3, μ=3.833 mm−1 and F(000)=3032. The final R1 and wR1 are 0.0321 and 0.0671 for 4445 (I>2σ(I)) unique reflections, R2 and wR2 are 0.0432 and 0.0699 for all 10207 reflections, respectively. The ErIIIN2O7 part in the [ErIII(nta)2(H2O)]3− complex anion has the same structure as NdIIIN2O7 part in which the eight coordinate atoms (two N and six O) are from the two nta ligands and a water molecule coordinate to the central NdIII ion directly.  相似文献   

8.
Calculations with Hartree—Fock electron densities for the rare gas atoms He through Xe show that the gradient expansion for the kinetic energy functional, T[] = T0[] + T2[] + T4[] + … = ∫t() dτ, approximates the kinetic energy by averaging over the shell structure present in the true local kinetic energy density, t(), and that the accuracy of the gradient expansion improves with increasing atomic number. Components of t(), t0(), t2() and t4(), are exhibited and discussed. The defined function t() is everywhere positive.  相似文献   

9.
Synthesis, structure, spectroscopy and thermal properties of complex [Co(NCS)2(hmt)2(H2O)2][Co(NCS)2(H2O)4] (H2O) (I), assembled by hexamethylenetetramine and octahedral Co(II) metal ions, are reported. Crystal data for I: Fw 387.34, a=9.020(8), b=12.887(9), c=7.95(1) Å, =96.73(4), β=115.36(5), γ=94.16(4)°, V=820(1) Å3, Z=2, space group=P−1, T=173 K, λ(Mo-K)=0.71070 Å, ρcalc=1.718567 g cm−3, μ=17.44 cm−1, R=0.088, Rw=0.148. An interesting two-dimensional network is assembled via hydrogen bonds through coordinated and free water molecules. The d–d transition energy levels of Co(II) ion are determined by UV–vis spectroscopy and calculated by ligand field theory. The calculated results agree well with experiment ones.  相似文献   

10.
Anion exchange membrane has been investigated in different electrolyte solutions by chronopotentiometry to explore the influence of co-ion and counterion of the exchange group of the membrane, on the transport phenomena. Chloride, nitrate, sulfate and acetate in sodium salts were used as counterions and sodium, potassium, calcium and ammonium in chloride salts were used as co-ions. The membrane showed a potential drop (E0) in all these electrolytes when a constant current was applied across it, which remained constant for a period less than τ, called the transition time and rose gradually to a maximum (Emax) value. The parameters such as τ, E0 and Emax and the potential jump (ΔE) and τ and the inflection zone (Δt) along the time axis have been measured and compared at an applied current density (I) of 10 mA cm−2 in 10 mM solutions. The values of τ1/2/zA[A0] or τ1/2/zC[C0], with or , E0 and ΔE with or (where rA and rC are the ionic radii of counter and co-ions, respectively) have been correlated. Permselectivity (P) and transference number of the membrane with respect to each one of the above electrolytes have been evaluated and discussed.  相似文献   

11.
Two nickel (imidazole) complexes, Ni(im)6Cl2·4H2O (1) and Ni(im)6(NO3)2 (2) (im=imidazole) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV, TG and single crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with a=8.800(6) Å, b=9.081(6) Å, c=10.565(7) Å, =75.058(9)°, β=83.143(8)°, γ=61.722(8)°, V=718.3(8) Å3, Z=1 and R1 (wR2)=0.0469 (0.1497). 2 crystallizes in the trigonal space group R-3 with a=12.370(6) Å, b=12.370(6) Å, c=14.782(14) Å, =90.00°, β=90.00°, γ=120.00°, V=1959(2) Å3, Z=3 and R1 (wR2)=0.0358 (0.0955). 1 and 2 exhibit different supramolecular network due to their different counter anions and different hydrogen bonding connection. In compound 1, [Ni(im)6]2+ cation and counter anions Cl alternatively array in an ABAB fashion via N–HCl hydrogen bonding. In compound 2, the plane of each NO32− is almost parallel and each NO32− connect three different [Ni(im)6]2+ cations via N–HO hydrogen bonding.  相似文献   

12.
A new technique, called interpolation method, with general application in the kinetic analysis of processes studied by thermogravimetry (TG) under linear temperature programming is developed. It is based on the linear relationship, with slope 1, between log g() and log I(γ, θ) for the appropriate kinetic function, where I(γ, θ) is the normalized temperature integral, θ the normalized temperature (θ=T/T0) and γ a dimensionless activation energy (γ=E/RT0). Values of log I(γ, θ) are calculated by linear interpolations in a pre-built table. This method can easily be programmed and implemented in a personal computer, where the results (kinetic parameters and quality of regressions for the kinetic functions considered) are typically obtained in a very short time. The method is validated by analyzing different simulated thermogravimetric curves and comparing the results with those determined with some classic methods taken from the literature. In addition, the results are compared with the values obtained by a similar method, also developed and explained in this paper, which involves the evaluation of all the values of the temperature integral by numerical integration, therefore, demanding a much larger calculation time. The interpolation method is found to be more accurate than other published methods, particularly in the case of thermogravimetric curves corresponding to processes with low activation energies. The results obtained are always similar to those determined by the integration method, which is taken as reference. Application of the technique to experimental data for various types of reactions shows that the results are in agreement with the published parameters and kinetic laws.  相似文献   

13.
This work uses cavity ring-down spectroscopy to measure two high vibrational overtones (4ν9 and 5ν9) of the O–H stretch in sulfuric acid. The frequencies, bandwidths, and intensities are obtained for these previously unobserved transitions. The atmospheric J-values for the overtone-induced photodissociation are calculated using the experimental cross-sections. Accurate J-values are essential for understanding the formation of the springtime polar sulfate layer by overtone-induced dehydration of H2SO4. The results are compared to previous experimental and theoretical studies of sulfuric acid.  相似文献   

14.
电化学阻抗谱可用于诊断多孔电极内电荷转移反应,即界面电荷集聚和电荷传导,以及反应物质输运。本文采用复相量方法,在同态假设条件下,重新推演多孔电极阻抗谱模型,厘清传统多孔电极阻抗谱模型中的模糊性表述。(1) 定义多孔电极表征输入参数,包括电极基体电子电导率σ1 、电解质离子电导率σ2、界面电荷传递电导率gct、单位面积界面电容C、固相扩散系数D、速度常数k、电极厚度d、特征孔深Lp 和单位体积表面积Sc;(2) 解析阻抗谱特征输出参数,包括场扩散常数K,特征频率ω0ω1ω2ω3ωmax,它们分别相关于界面传导反应、有限场扩散、氧化还原反应、孔内扩散和最小特征孔尺寸,以及分别对应于从传导到扩散和从扩散到饱和的转折频率fk1fk2;(3) 当参数XZ同时变化时(X = σ1Z = d,Sc,Lp,C,gct,D,k),通过阻抗谱特征参数的演变规律,分析了电荷转移反应中XΖ参数耦合竞争;(4)为深入分析电荷转移反应中参数XZ的耦合竞争,引入了分叉频率fXZfZXfXZfZX所处位置可以用于表征参数XZ影响电荷转移反应的深度和广度。当分叉频率fXZfZX不存在时,表明电荷转移反应中参数XZ在全频率范围内存在耦合竞争。总之,借助于特征频率和分叉频率,本文一方面研究了动力学参数和微观结构参数对多孔电极中电荷转移反应的影响,另一方面分析谱图的变化及其背后的阻抗谱特征演化规律。本文研究结果可为阻抗谱的系统仿真和辨识提供理论基础,可为多孔电极内电荷转移反应的竞争分析提供技术支撑,还可为电化学储能系统的优化设计提供诊断工具。  相似文献   

15.
The rate constants, k1 and k2 for the reactions of C2F5OC(O)H and n-C3F7OC(O)H with OH radicals were measured using an FT-IR technique at 253–328 K. k1 and k2 were determined as (9.24 ± 1.33) × 10−13 exp[−(1230 ± 40)/T] and (1.41 ± 0.26) × 10−12 exp[−(1260 ± 50)/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The random errors reported are ±2 σ, and potential systematic errors of 10% could add to the k1 and k2. The atmospheric lifetimes of C2F5OC(O)H and n-C3F7OC(O)H with respect to reaction with OH radicals were estimated at 3.6 and 2.6 years, respectively.  相似文献   

16.
In toluene as medium, tetra(cyclopentadienyl)niobium(IV), NbCp4, has been prepared in satisfactory yields from the reaction of NaCp with: (a) Nb2C110, (b) NbCl4(THF)2, or (c) NbCp2Cl2. Tetracyclopentadienylniobium(IV) has been characterized by X-ray diffraction. Crystal data: C20H20Nb, M=353.29 g mol−1, hexagonal, space group P65 (no. 170), a=b=9.396(2), c=31.23(3) Å, V=2388(2) Å3, Z=6, dcalc=1.48 g cm−3, λ(Cu–K)=1.54184 Å, T=291 K, μ=62.04 cm−1, F(000)=1686. Two of the four cyclopentadienyl ligands are bonded to niobium in a pentahapto fashion, the other two being monohapto. NbCp4 undergoes cyclopentadiene elimination in the presence of species containing active protons such as Ph3SiOH or strong acids, the products being tris- or biscyclopentadienyl compounds depending on the molar ratio of the reagents.  相似文献   

17.
A study of the spin lattice relaxation (T1) and the nuclear quadrupole resonance frequency (νQ) gives an important information about the dynamics of molecular groups in molecular solids. In the present paper, we analyze the contributions of the reorientational motion of nitro groups of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene to the NQR parameters of the chlorine nucleus in the molecule.

We found two contributions to T1 and νQ due to the onset of the reorientation of nitro groups in the molecule; one of these contributions is mostly due to intermolecular effects in the crystal. For the chlorine nuclei, the efficiency of the modulation mechanism is usually provided by the change of the electric field gradient due to the moving molecular group; this gives us a way of how to assign each contribution to T1 from the ortho and para positions of the NO2 groups in the molecule. It is observed that there are two different potential barriers depending on the position of the nitro groups in the molecule. The behavior in the temperature dependence of the line width shows a thermal history dependence of the molecular crystal.  相似文献   


18.
New regularities and an equation of state for liquids   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Three regularities have been introduced for liquids (T < TC and ρ > ρC) based on average potential energy. The experimental data have been used to show the validity of the regularities. First, there exists near-linearity relation between and ρ for all isotherms of a liquid, where Pi and ρ are internal pressure and density, respectively. Second, changes linearly with ρ for each isotherm of any liquid, where Z and Vm are compressibility factor and molar volume, respectively. Third, a new regularity using the definition of bulk modulus and our new equation of state between reduced bulk modulus and density has been introduced, that is versus ρ must be linear for all isotherms of a liquid where Br is the reduced bulk modulus.

A new equation of state has been also derived. The density of some liquids in the extensive ranges of temperature and pressure has been calculated using the new equation of state. The densities calculated from this equation agree with experiment to better than 0.3%. The new equation of state can predict internal pressure, thermal expansion coefficient, and isothermal compressibility of liquids within experimental error.  相似文献   


19.
A T1ρ filter for the NMR imaging of solid polymers is presented. T1ρ is the relaxation time in the rotating frame, which is sensitive to the molecular motion and whose spectral density falls in the range of slow dynamics, namely motion characterized by correlation times ranging between 10−2 and 10−5 s. The method allows one to obtain a good spatial resolution without the need of strong field gradients and without the effects related to the spatial encoding manipulation of the spin system.  相似文献   

20.
三环己基氢氧化锡与L-扁桃酸(物质的量比1:1)在苯和乙醇混合溶剂中反应合成了三环己基锡L-扁桃酸酯。 经X射线衍射方法测定了其晶体结构,配合物属斜方晶系,空间群为P212121,晶体学参数a=0.80825(4) nm,b=1.77151(8) nm,c=1.8385(2) nm,α=β=γ=90°,V=2.6324(2) nm3,Z=4,Dc=1.310 g/nm3,μ(Mo)=9.92 cm-1,F(000)=1080,R1=0.0472,wR2=0.1341。 中心锡原子与环己基碳原子和氧原子构成畸型四面体。 对其结构进行量子化学从头计算,探讨了配合物的稳定性、分子轨道能量以及一些前沿分子轨道的组成特征。 研究了配合物的热稳定性、电化学性能、圆二色谱和体外抗癌活性。  相似文献   

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