电化学发光免疫传感器检测甲磺隆的研究

电化学发光 ( Electrochemiluminescence,ECL)分析是对电极施加一定的电压进行电化学反应 ,反应的产物之间或与体系中某种组分发生化学发光 ,用普通光学手段测量发光光谱和强度从而对物质进行痕量分析的一种方法 .与其它检测方法相比 ,它具有一些明显的优势 :标记物的检出限低 ( 2 0 0fmol/L ) ;动力学范围宽达 6个数量级 ;标记物比大多数化学发光标记物稳定 ;由于是电促发光 ,只有靠近电极表面的带有标记物的部分才能被检测到 ,所以分离或非分离体系均可应用此方法 .电化学发光常用的标记试剂分子是联吡啶钌 [Ru( bpy) 2 + 3].Ru( bpy) …     

3D石墨烯/SiO2@Ru(bpy)2+3修饰电极电化学发光测定敌草隆的研究

利用敌草隆对三联吡啶钌电化学发光(ECL)的增敏作用,以3D石墨烯和二氧化硅固定三联吡啶钌纳米复合材料(SiO2@Ru(bpy)32+)修饰的玻碳电极为工作电极,建立了一种直接快速检测敌草隆的电化学发光新方法.通过一步水热法合成了3D石墨烯以促进电子传递,油包水微乳液法合成SiO2@Ru(bpy)32+以提高发光效率.在最佳实验条件下,敌草隆浓度的对数在9.08×10-11～9.08×10-7 mol/L范围内与其相对发光强度呈良好的线性关系(r2 =0.998 9),检出限(S/N=3)为1.18×10-12 mol/L.连续测定2.00×l0-8 mol/L敌草隆10次,发光强度值的相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.2％,表明该方法具有良好的重复性.用该方法对青菜进行检测,回收率为99.3％～ 110.8％,结果满意.     

一种新型电沉积二氧化硅复合膜电化学发光雷尼替丁传感器

利用电沉积方法在玻碳电极表面制备了二氧化硅-壳聚糖(CHI)-氧化石墨烯(GO)-Ru(bpy)2+3复合膜,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)技术、循环伏安法(CV)、电化学阻抗法(EIS)和电化学发光法(ECL)对修饰电极的性质进行了研究。结果表明,将壳聚糖和氧化石墨烯引入二氧化硅膜可以提高该膜的电子传递速度,且固定化的Ru(bpy)2+3在该膜中保持了良好的电化学活性。复合膜中固定化的Ru(bpy)2+3呈现出稳定的电化学发光信号。盐酸雷尼替丁对该电极的电化学发光信号有增敏作用,该增敏电化学发光信号与盐酸雷尼替丁的浓度的对数值在1.0×10-9~5.0×10-6mol/L范围内呈线性关系,相关系数r为0.9908,检出限为5×10-10mol/L。     

非离子表面活性剂对流动注射电化学发光的增敏作用

研究了非离子表面活性剂聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(Triton X-100)对流动注射电化学发光的影响。结果发现,Triton X-100对检测低浓度三联吡啶钌(Ru(bpy)23+)有增强作用,而且Triton X-100的引入可以改变流动注射电化学发光分析系统中Ru(bpy)23+-三正丙胺(TPA)反应电极电位。在检测电位1.35V,进样量100μL,进样速度50μL/s条件下,对Ru(bpy)23+进行检测,检出限(S/N=3)达1.0×10-10 mol/L,较添加Triton X-100前灵敏度提高50倍。     

基于Ru(bpy)3~(2+)/二丁基乙醇胺电化学发光猝灭的新型毛细管电泳电化学发光检测装置的研制及应用研究

电化学发光(ECL)检测技术是近年来发展迅速的一种新型毛细管电泳(CE)分析检测方法,已经在生命科学、临床检验及食品安全等领域得到了广泛的应用~([1-3]).传统的CE-ECL检测技术均是以Ru(bpy)3~(2+)的共反应物为检测对象,但由于能强烈增强Ru(bpy)3~(2+)电化学发光的共反应试剂有限,使该方法在应用上受到很大的限制.     

新型流动注射电化学发光分析系统及性能表征

为研发电化学发光体外诊断试剂,设计了一种流动注射池,构建了喷射式流动注射电化学发光分析系统,并运用Ru(bpy)2+3/TPA混合进样模式对此系统进行了评估.在检测电位1.18 V,进样量100 μL,进样速度50 μL/s,TPA浓度10 mmol/L,样品缓冲液100 mmol/L PBS(pH 8.4), 载体缓冲液10 mmol/L PBS(pH 8.4)最优条件下,获得Ru(bpy)2+3的检出限(S/N=3)为0.005 μmol/L; 线性范围为0.01～5 μmol/L; RSD为1.02%.结果表明,此分析系统灵敏度高,线性范围宽,分析速度快,样品用量少,实现了进样、检测及清洗过程自动化.     

3D石墨烯/SiO_2@Ru(bpy)_3~(2+)修饰电极电化学发光测定敌草隆的研究

利用敌草隆对三联吡啶钌电化学发光(ECL)的增敏作用,以3D石墨烯和二氧化硅固定三联吡啶钌纳米复合材料(Si O2@Ru(bpy)2+3)修饰的玻碳电极为工作电极,建立了一种直接快速检测敌草隆的电化学发光新方法。通过一步水热法合成了3D石墨烯以促进电子传递,油包水微乳液法合成Si O2@Ru(bpy)2+3以提高发光效率。在最佳实验条件下,敌草隆浓度的对数在9.08×10-11~9.08×10-7mol/L范围内与其相对发光强度呈良好的线性关系(r2=0.998 9),检出限(S/N=3)为1.18×10-12mol/L。连续测定2.00×10-8mol/L敌草隆10次,发光强度值的相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.2%,表明该方法具有良好的重复性。用该方法对青菜进行检测,回收率为99.3%~110.8%,结果满意。     

辅酶Ⅰ在Co／CFUE上的电化学行为及应用

辅酶I(NAD+)在0.005moL/LTris 0.01moL/LNaCl溶液(pH7.0)中,于钴离子注入修饰碳纤维电极上出现一个S形的还原波,半波电位为-1.45V(vs.SCE)。峰电流与NAD+的浓度在2.38×10-5～4.76×10-4mol/L(r=0 9992)和4.76×10-4～1.78×10-3mol/L(r=0.9982)之间成线性关系,检出限为1.19×10-5mol/L,回收率在96.7%～103.4%之间。用线性扫描、循环伏安法研究了钴离子注入修饰碳纤维电极上NAD+的电化学行为。电极反应机理为:NAD++e NAD·;NAD·+e+H+ NADH;2NAD·→NAD2。另外,钴离子注入修饰碳纤维电极对NAD+具有电催化作用。     

四(三羟甲基氨基甲烷)合铜(Ⅱ)电催化联吡啶钌/二氧化硅复合纳米粒子电化学发光分析特性研究

水分子与联吡啶钌(Ru(bpy)32+)之间的电化学发光(ECL)反应早已被人们发现,但其增敏Ru(bpy)32+电化学发光信号的能力不强,很难实现分析应用.我们发现四(三羟甲基氨基甲烷)合铜(Ⅱ)(Cu(Tris)42+)可电催化水的氧化反应生成活性中间产物羟基自由基(·OH),·OH能够快速进入二氧化硅基质,有效地增敏联吡啶钌/二氧化硅复合纳米粒子(RuSNPs)的电化学发光,并利用紫外-可见吸收光谱、电化学方法、电化学发光方法等研究了可能的电化学反应机理.基于以上研究,发展了一种以水分子作为共反应试剂,测定铜离子的电化学发光分析新方法.该方法在铜离子浓度为2.0×10-7~1.0×10-4mol/L的范围内,电化学发光强度与铜离子浓度呈现良好的线性,同时该方法具有很好的灵敏度和选择性,检出限(S/N=3)达到1.0×10-7mol/L,且Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、Fe3+、Pb2+、Cd2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Mn2+等常见离子不干扰测定.使用该法对自来水和黑河水样中铜离子含量进行测定,分别往两个水样中加入2~3倍的铜离子标准溶液,其加标回收率在97.0%~102.5%之间;与原子吸收分光光度法对比,相对误差分别为4.1%和4.7%,说明该方法测定结果具有一定的可靠性.     

毛细管电泳-电化学发光法测定金钗石斛中石斛碱的含量

样品经乙醇萃取后,提取液采用电动进样引入毛细管中进行毛细管电泳(CE)分离,进样电压为10kV,进样时间为10s。CE运行缓冲溶液为pH 5.13的10mmol·L~(-1)磷酸盐缓冲溶液,分离电压为15kV。CE分离得到的石斛碱与电化学发光(ECL)检测池中的5 mmol·L~(-1)Ru(bpy)_3~(2+)溶液(溶剂为pH 8.10的70 mmol·L~(-1)磷酸盐缓冲溶液)反应,使得Ru(bpy)_3~(2+)的ECL强度增大,检测电位为1.17V(vs.Ag/AgCl)。石斛碱的质量浓度在1.0~100mg·L~(-1)内与ECL信号的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.045mg·L~(-1)。方法用于测定金钗石斛中石斛碱的含量,加标回收率在92.0%~105%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在2.5%~5.1%之间。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.