有机锗(锗-132)的示差脉冲极谱研究

用示差脉冲极谱法,在pH1.30H_2SO_4和3,4-二羟基苯甲醛(DHB)底液中,获得了有机锗(Ge-132)和无机锗Ge(Ⅳ)二个配位吸附极谱波,波峰分别为E_P2-0.62V和E_pl=-0.47V(υs.AgCI/Ag),Ge-132浓度在2.6×10_(-5)～3.1×10_（-3）mol/L范围内,Ge(Ⅳ)浓度在 3.1×10_（-5）～2.1×10_（-4）mol/L范围内分别与峰电流星线性关系.利用该示差脉冲极谱法可同时测定Ge-132和Ge(Ⅳ),用于有机锗营养口服液中Ge-132和Ge(Ⅳ)的测定结果满意.还探讨了Ge-132极谱波的性质,测定了有关动力学参数.     

关于合成Ge-132所用Ge原料及其残留无机锗的问题

Ge-132中的无机锗含量是一个重要的质量指标.它主要来自GeHCl3中的GeCl4,而无论哪种锗原料合成Ge-132,GeHCl3都是中间产物.与用金属Ge和GeO2制备Ge-132的工艺比较,用GeO2的盐酸溶液比用金属Ge在高温下与HCl气反应制备GeHCl3更利于降低Ge-132中残留的无机锗含量.     

光谱法研究Ge-132与DNA的作用机理

利用吸收光谱、DNA碱变性曲线、荧光光谱研究了Ge-132与DNA的相互作用。在Ge-132存在下,DNA的紫外吸收光谱产生明显的减色效应。同时,Ge-132的存在使DNA碱变性的pH值增大,变性后增色效应减小,实验结果表明,Ge-132主要是以嵌入方式与DNA结合的。     

锗—132对体外幼鼠胰岛细胞的作用

自1968年浅井等人[1]首次合成了乙基锗倍半氧化物（即Ge-132）以来，对Ge-132生物活性的研究已有诸多报道[2]．近年来，日本学者[3]在研究Ge-132药物活性作用机理时认为，Ge-132有可能成为防治糖尿病及其并发症的有效药物．但还没能从分子水平来阐明有机锗的作用机理．为揭示上述作用的细胞学机制，我们观察了Ge-132及Ge2。对体外培养的幼鼠胰岛细胞结构和功能的影响，比较了两者的差异．认为一定浓度的Ge-132对体外培养的幼鼠胰岛细胞分泌胰岛素具有明显的促进作用，为开发利用有机锗药物治疗糖尿病及其并发症提供了重要的依据．一周龄…     

β—（酚酯基）乙基锗倍半氧化物的合成及对体外培养细胞的作用

β-羧基乙基锗倍半氧化物(即Ge-132)是一种无毒和具较强抗癌活性的有机锗化合物。为了进一步提高其抗癌活性。已对Ge-132进行了化学结构修饰。本文介绍8种未见报导的Ge-132衍生物,β-酚酯基乙基锗倍半氧化物的合成和体外培养细胞实验结果。     

β-羧乙基锗倍半氧化物的性质及在水溶液中与某些生物底物的作用

三种不同制备方法的β-羧乙基锗倍半氧化物(Ge-132),其红外、拉曼光谱、光电子能谱以及热分析行为表现一定差异。这种差异主要因制备方法不同,获得样品中羧基间氢键作用以及Ge—O环尺度和键角不同引起的。它们在水溶液中均水解为三羟锗基丙酸,~1H NMR谱上观察到与果糖有较强作用,与谷胱甘肽作用不明显,为了解Ge-132的生物作用机理提供了重要信息。     

β-羧乙基锗倍半氧化物的性质及在水溶液中与某些生物底物的作用

三种不同制备方法的β-羧乙基锗倍半氧化物(Ge-132), 其红外、拉曼光谱、光电子能谱以及热分析行为表现一定差异。这种差异主要因制备方法不同, 获得样品中羧基间氢键作用以及Ge-O环尺度和键角不同引起的。它们在水溶液中均水解为三羟锗基丙酸, ^1H NMR谱上观察到与果糖有较强作用, 与谷胱甘肽作用不明显, 为了解Ge-132的生物作用机理提供了重要信息。     

β-酰胺乙基(或α-甲基乙基)锗倍半氧化物的合成、结构及抗癌作用

醋酸三烷基锗及β-羧乙基锗倍半氧化物(Ge-132)有抑菌及抗癌作用。Ge-132的某些衍生物具有更强的抗癌活性。本文报道8种酰胺衍生物的合成,它们的光谱、质谱及热分解性质和部分衍生物的抗癌活性。     

1,1-二(苯并咪唑-2-基)-2-(喹喔啉-2-基)乙烯的合成及其性能

以邻苯二胺、丙二酸和果糖为主要原料,经Knoevenagel反应合成了一个新的芳稠杂环化合物——1,1-二(苯并咪唑-2-基)-2-(喹喔啉-2-基)乙烯(4),收率78.61%,其结构经1H NMR,IR和元素分析表征。利用UVVis和FL研究了4的光学性能,结果表明:4的最大吸收峰位于259 nm和383 nm;在320 nm激发波长激发下,4的λem位于495 nm,具有显著的日光紫外线吸收性能;TG/DTA分析表明:4的熔点为320℃,初始分解温度为402℃,具有良好的热稳定性。     

Ge-132的生物学作用研究

倍半氧化羧乙基锗(Ge-132)是一种毒性很小．且具有多种生物学活性的有机化合物．近10年来,本所与中山医科大学等单位合作．对Ge-132的生物学作用进行了一系列的实验研究,结合国外1987年以来有关的研究，证实Ge-132具有以下几方面的生物学作用:1.抗肿瘤作用;2．抗诱变作用;3．抗化学致癌作用;4．增强机体免疫功能作用;5．抗衰老作用；6．协同作用．可认为它是一种有应用前景的抗肿瘤、抗诱变、抗致癌、增强免疫功能、提高中枢智力、延缓衰老的化学物质．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.