HPLC法测定赤芍提取物中芍药苷的含量

建立了赤芍水提物正丁醇萃取物中芍药苷的含量测定方法.采用Diamonsil C18色谱柱（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）,以甲醇（A）-超纯水（0.2％的冰醋酸）（B） （30∶70,V/V）为流动相等度洗脱,流速：1mL·min-1;柱温：30℃;检测波长：230nm;进样量：10μL.赤芍水提物正丁醇萃取物中芍药苷的平均含量为1.52％.经正丁醇萃取后,提取物中芍药苷的纯度有了较大提高.所用含量测定方法简便准确,分离度好,可用于赤芍提取物中芍药苷的含量测定.正丁醇可用于赤芍中芍药苷的提取纯化工艺.     

首乌总提取物对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制

研究了首乌总提取物对乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制活性的筛选及抑制动力学。结果表明,首乌乙酸乙酯组分和水组分的抑制能力随着抑制剂浓度的增大而逐渐减弱,甚至表现出一定的增强作用,而水组分没有AChE抑制能力。水饱和正丁醇组分和石油醚组分均对AChE具有显著的抑制能力,两者对AChE的抑制作用类型分别为非竞争型和混合型的可逆抑制,水饱和正丁醇组分对AChE的非竞争型抑制常数Ki、Kis分别为3.2668μm ol/L和4.8194μm ol/L,石油醚组分对AChE的混合型抑制常数Ki、Kis分别为2.6985μm ol/L和4.7192μm ol/L,表明两种组分对游离酶的抑制作用均强于其对于酶-底物复合物的抑制作用,且后者较前者对AChE的抑制作用更强。     

有机溶剂提取黄精有效成分及其氧化活性检测

依次利用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇进行萃取,再用大孔树脂进行分离,获得黄精的有效成分.通过利用体外无细胞体系,对黄精的不同萃取物进行了无细胞体系抗氧化的活性检测,并通过对不同有机相提取物的自由基(DPPH)和超氧阴离子(O2-)的清除能力以及对黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的抑制作用进行了检测.结果表明,各有机相提取物与抗氧化活性之间存在良好的构效关系,为进一步的研究和应用打下良好的基础.     

维药材黑芥子提取物的体外抑菌实验

采用微孔板法和稀释法研究黑芥子不同极性提取物对变异链球菌和大肠杆菌的体外抑菌作用.结果显示乙醇提取物对变异链球菌的生长及其生物膜形成有一定抑制作用；不同极性提取物对大肠杆菌生物膜形成均有一定抑制作用,其中氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物的抑制活性最强.黑芥子中含有抑制供试菌生长及其生物膜形成的活性成分,值得进一步研究.     

球等鞭金藻细胞生长抑制物的分离纯化

以球等鞭金藻老化培养液的无细胞上清处理液为研究对象,对存在于球等鞭金藻老化培养液中的抑制细胞生长的活性物质进行了分离纯化与抑制活性研究。运用乙酸乙酯萃取,紫外光谱分析,SephadexG-15凝胶过滤,制备薄层层析和C₁₈反相高效液相等光谱分析与纯化方法对其进行活性追踪的分离与纯化。结果表明,采用乙酸乙酯萃取球等鞭金藻老化培养液的无细胞上清处理液可以获得具有明显细胞抑制活性的细胞生长抑制物的粗提物,经200～400 nm的紫外光谱扫描,确定了细胞生长抑制物的特征吸收波长为235 nm。将粗提物用0.2 mol·L-1 NaOH溶解,经蒸馏水适当稀释后,以5%床体积的量加载于SephadexG-15凝胶层析柱并用蒸馏水进行洗脱。在紫外235 nm下,粗提物经SephadexG-15凝胶过滤,获得3个具有细胞抑制活性的组分。用1 mol·L-1 HCl将具有细胞抑制活性的组分pH调至2～3之间,用乙酸乙酯提取。于40 ℃下减压浓缩,将样品点在硅胶G板上,以氯仿为展开剂,进行薄层层析分离与制备,获得4个组分。经检测,仅R_f值为0.63的组分具有明显的细胞抑制活性。此活性组分采用硅烷化键合相C₁₈反相色谱柱,乙腈-水(体积比为63∶37)流动相,0.3 mL·min-1恒流洗脱,检测波长UV-235 nm,获得较好的分离效果。     

流动注射浊点萃取结合荧光光谱法测定水样中的痕量锌

锌离子与8-羟基喹啉混合后与Triton X-114合并,在线生成的锌配合物被表面活性剂Triton X-114捕集保留到脱脂棉微型柱。乙醇洗脱分析物,荧光光谱法检测洗脱液中的痕量锌。考察了影响流动注射浊点萃取体系的各种因素,包括pH、配位剂浓度、表面活性剂浓度、样品富集和洗脱流速等。测定锌的线性范围10—200μg/L,检出限(3σ)为2.0μg/L。方法应用于饮用水和环境水样测定,加标回收率90.4%—107.8%。     

几种新疆特色干果清除自由基活性

为了寻找天然高效强抗氧化剂,并为综合利用提供依据,实验采用DPPH·法研究了6种新疆特色干果不同溶剂提取液及醇提液中不同溶剂萃取相的抗氧化活性,测定了它们的提取液对DPPH·的清除能力.实验结果表明:这几种干果的抗氧化活性成分主要存在于醇溶液中而非水溶液中;在醇提液的各萃取相中,各萃取相均具有不同程度抗氧化活性,其中抗氧化成分在乙酸乙酯萃取相中含量最高,正丁醇萃取相次之,石油醚萃取相最低.杏仁、核桃、黑加仑、无花果、巴旦木、红枣在乙酸乙酯萃取相中黄酮类化合物的IC50值分别为8.15、10.25、4.08、4.44、7.g4、5.44μg/mL.     

川西獐牙菜正丁醇提取物的GC-MS成分分析

利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对川西獐牙菜的正丁醇提取物进行成分分离鉴定,并用峰面积归一法确定各组分的相对含量.实验中从川西獐牙菜正丁醇提取物非沥青质的3种馏分中共分离出122种化学成分,非极性馏分中以烷烃类为主,极性馏分中以饱和脂肪酸类为主.     

荧光法研究山莓叶提取物清除羟自由基的活性

在稀硫酸介质中,荧光染料亮绿(LGSF)在312nm处产生荧光,Fenton反应产生的.OH与亮绿反应,使其荧光猝灭。根据此原理,荧光光度法测定山莓叶不同萃取物清除自由基活性存在很大差异。同时,当提取物浓度达到0.40mg/mL时自由基清除率分别可达到27.34%,38.65%,40.22%,41.68%,其中,山莓叶正丁醇萃取物清除羟自由基活性最强。本研究为山莓叶的合理开发利用提供理论依据。     

8-羟基喹哪啶固相萃取光度法测定生物样品中的铁

研究了 8-羟基喹哪啶与铁的显色反应 ,在 p H为 8.0的氯化铵 -氨水缓冲介质中 ,有乳化剂 - OP存在时 ,8-羟基喹哪啶与铁反应生成 3∶ 1稳定的蓝紫色络合物 ,该络合物可被 Waters Plus- C18固相萃取小柱萃取富集 ,小柱上富集的络合物用乙醇为洗脱剂洗脱 ,用光度法测定 ,在乙醇介质中 ,络合物最大吸收波长λmax=5 95 nm,ε=7.82× 10 3 L· mol-1· cm-1。铁含量在 0 .1— 5 .0μg/ m L范围内符合比耳定律 ,本方法用于生物样品中痕量铁的测定 ,结果令人满意     

阿里红多糖的气相色谱和红外光谱

采用乙醇沉淀得到阿里红多糖(FoP),用Sevag法除去蛋白后采用气相色谱(GC)和红外光谱(IR)对得到的阿里红多糖进行分析.结果表明,阿里红多糖中含有鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖,其摩尔比为0.2:0.29∶0.41∶0.77∶0.70∶ 1.16.红外光谱分析阿里红多糖中存在吡喃环.     

中药巴戟天多糖的测定及其微量元素分析

采用80%的乙醇回流提取1 h、过滤以除去巴戟天制品中的单糖、多酚类化合物、氨基酸等杂质,应用改进的苯酚-硫酸法测定其多糖的含量;利用原子吸收分光光度法测量其中Zn,Fe,Cu等微量元素的含量并与其伪品进行对比测定;同时应用冷原子荧光法测定Hg的含量,结果较为满意,为合理开发该药提供了参考。     

裂解-气相色谱-质谱联用技术研究厚朴浸膏的热裂解

采用在线热裂解-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(Py-GC-M S),模拟卷烟燃吸状态,对厚朴浸膏的热裂解行为进行研究。结果表明:厚朴浸膏的热裂解产物中共鉴定出49种挥发性成分,含量较高的成分为厚朴酚(27.95%)、4-甲氧基和厚朴酚(21.88%)、和厚朴酚(15.46%)、石竹烯(0.69%)、氧化石竹烯(0.59%)、古巴烯(0.43%)等。厚朴酚、和厚朴酚为厚朴主要活性成分,具有抗氧化、抗抑郁、抗菌等活性。该结果为厚朴浸膏在卷烟中的应用提供理论依据。     

Comparison of conventional and ultrasonically assisted extractions of pharmaceutically active compounds from Salvia officinalis

Conventional as well as ultrasonically assisted extractions of biologically active compounds from Salvia officinalis using 65% ethanol have been studied. Cineole, Thujone and Borneol were used as standards for the GLC-MS evaluation of the extracts. The effect of temperature, stirring and mode of sonication (ultrasonic bath or horn system) have been studied. The results indicate that ultrasonically assisted extraction with mechanical stirring at room temperature in a period of 12 h produces a substantial improvement over conventional methodology.     

Free Radicals, Salicylic Acid and Mycotoxins in Asparagus After Inoculation with Fusarium proliferatum and F. oxysporum

Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to monitor free radicals and paramagnetic species like Fe, Mn, Cu generation, stability and status in Asparagus officinalis infected by common pathogens Fusarium proliferatum and F. oxysporum. Occurrence of F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum, level of free radicals and other paramagnetic species, as well as salicylic acid and mycotoxins content in roots and stems of seedlings were estimated on the second and fourth week after inoculation. In the first term free and total salicylic acid contents were related to free radicals level in stem (P?=?0.010 and P?=?0.033, respectively). Concentration of Fe(3+) ions in porphyrin complexes (g?=?2.3, g?=?2.9) was related to the species of pathogen. There was no significant difference between Mn(2+) concentrations in stem samples; however, the level of free radicals in samples inoculated with F. proliferatum was significantly higher when compared to F. oxysporum.     

密蒙花总黄酮抗氧化活性

用对DPPH自由基清除率来考察密蒙花的体外抗氧化活性大小,并与同浓度的Vc做比较。结果表明,密蒙花对DPPH自由基清除作用比Vc强,密蒙花是一种良好的天然抗氧化剂来源。     

Comparison of classical and ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Salvia officinalis L

After preparation of medicine tinctures from the herbal plant Salvia officinalis by classical and ultrasound-assisted extraction with aqueous ethanol, the insoluble plant residues were subsequently treated with hot water and dilute alkali to isolate polysaccharide cell wall components. The yields of the hot water extract as well as total extracted polysaccharides were higher in the case of the ultrasound-treated plant in both laboratory and pilot plant experiments. The water-extractable polysaccharide fractions, in all cases, contained glucose, galactose and arabinose as main sugar components, whereas the alkali-extractable fractions were rich in xylans. The fractions also contained considerable amounts of proteins. The water-soluble polysaccharides may contribute to the biological activity of the plant decoction. The results indicate that the addition of a subsequent extraction step during the preparation of the herbal tincture might contribute to a better exploitation of the raw material.     

流动注射化学发光法及光度法用于巴戟天提取液抗氧化活性的研究

将中药巴戟天提取液加入鲁米诺-H₂O₂-CuSO₄化学发光体系,测量其发光强度, 根据系统化学发光被抑制的程度可以评价巴戟天的抗氧化活性,并将巴戟天与抗坏血酸的抗自由基活性进行了对比实验,实验证明巴戟天提取液具有明显的抗自由基活性;采用分光光度法测定体系吸光度的变化来研究巴戟天对OH·及O₂-·自由基的清除作用,以抗坏血酸作阳性对照,结果发现：巴戟天对OH·及O₂-·自由基均有良好的清除作用,结果较为满意。提示中药巴戟天可作为潜在的具有抗氧化活性的天然药物。     

Potential for the use of ultrasound in the extraction of antioxidants from Rosmarinus officinalis for the food and pharmaceutical industry

Ultrasound was used to increase the extraction efficiency of carnosic acid from the herb Rosmarinus officinalis using butanone, ethyl acetate and ethanol as solvents. Both dried and fresh leaves of the herb were extracted and, when performed at the same temperature, sonication improved the yields of carnosic acid for all three solvents and shortened the extraction times. Sonication also reduced the solvent effect so that ethanol, which is a poor solvent under conventional conditions, reached a similar level of extraction efficiency to the other two when sonicated. The extraction of dried herb with ethanol proved to be more efficient than that of fresh material, probably due to the water present in the latter.     

Sucrose incubation increases freezing tolerance of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) embryogenic cell suspensions

The freezing tolerance of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) embryogenic cells, as determined by electrolyte leakage, was increased by the incubation of samples in medium containing 0.8 M sucrose. To elucidate the mechanism involved, we investigated the changes in soluble carbohydrates, cell ultrastructure and proteins accompanying the increase in freezing tolerance following incubation in sugar-rich medium. During sugar incubation, the intracellular sucrose content increased from 67 mol g-1FW to 429 mol g-1FW; it was also metabolized into fructose and glucose, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Microscopy revealed that sugar incubation induced plasmolysis of embryogenic cells and drastic changes in cell ultrastructure with the appearance of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER). Furthermore, immunoblotting analysis with anti-dehydrin antiserum revealed that a dehydrin-like protein appeared only when maximal freezing tolerance was induced by sugar incubation. These results suggest that freezing tolerance of asparagus embryogenic cells is increased by a complex mechanism involving notably changes in cell ultrastructure and accumulation of certain sugars and proteins during sugar incubation.