脱氧核糖核酸电化学传感器的原理及其应用

对电化学DNA传感器的组成及其在DNA损伤研究、环境污染监控、病原基因检测、基因疾病诊断和药物机理分析等方面的进行了总结，并对其发展趋势进行了评述。     

光敏异构化智能生物开关的进展

引出光敏异构化智能生物开关的概念。介绍了可逆光敏异构化生物物质的机制和特点, 并结合这个领域的研究和发展对其进行了较全面的讨论。探讨了可逆异构化开关物质在光记忆、电化学控制、生物传感器等方面的应用, 并对它的未来前景作出展望。     

Graphene as signal amplifier for preparation of ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensors

Early diagnosis of diseases with minimal cost and time-consumption has become achievable due to recent advances in the development of biosensors. These devices use biorecognition elements for the selective interaction with an analyte and the signal read-out is obtained via different types of transducers. The operational characteristics of biosensors have been reported as improving substantially when a diverse range of nanomaterials is employed. This review presents the construction of electrochemical biosensors based on graphene, atomically thin 2D carbon crystals, a nanomaterial currently the subject of intensive studies. Here, the most attractive directions for graphene applications in biosensor preparation are discussed, including novel detection and amplification schemes exploiting graphene’s unique electrochemical, physical and chemical properties. There is probably a very bright future for graphene-based biosensors, but much further work is required to fulfill the high expectations.     

Review: Recent Developments in Enzyme-Based Biosensors for Biomedical Analysis

The need for simple, rapid, cost-effective, and portable screening methods has boosted the development of practical biosensors with applications in clinical monitoring, and diagnosis of disease. Compared with traditional analytical methods, enzyme-based bioanalytical devices have several distinct advantages such as high sensitivity and specificity, portability, cost-effectiveness, and the possibilities for miniaturization and mass production. Additionally, they can be developed for point-of-care diagnostic testing. This paper reviews recent advances in the development of enzyme biosensors, design characteristics, performances, and applications with a focus on electrochemical and optical sensors. Recent emerging technologies and innovative biosensing designs, such as nanosensors, paper based-sensors, lab-on-a-chip, biochips, and microfluidic devices are discussed. Specific applications in bioanalysis, clinical diagnosis, and pharmacology are discussed.     

Bioelectrochemical application of some PQQ-dependent enzymes.

This paper focuses on the use of PQQ-dependent enzymes (PQQ enzymes) in amperometrical biosensors and gives emphasis on their innovative designs and applications. The study covers some aspects in the evolution of biosensors based on PQQ enzymes. Main attention is focused on the electrochemical properties of PQQ enzymes as very promising materials for the formation of electrochemical biosensors. Immobilization approaches and redox mediators recently used in PQQ enzymes based biosensors are reviewed. The acceptance of polypyrrole as a very promising immobilization matrix for some PQQ enzymes is discussed.     

高灵敏光学和电化学适配体传感器在真菌毒素快速检测中的研究进展

高灵敏的生物传感器在痕量真菌毒素污染的快速检测中备受关注.适配体除具有与抗体类似的高选择性外,还具有可体外合成和易修饰等独特优势,已成为现阶段生物传感器中常用的识别元件.随着指数富集的配体系统进化(SELEX)技术的发展,筛选获得的真菌毒素适配体越来越多,为不同真菌毒素的检测提供了基础条件,而适配体结合现代新型纳米材料...     

Recent Progress on the Development of Biofuel Cells for Self‐Powered Electrochemical Biosensing and Logic Biosensing: A Review

Biofuel cells (BFCs) based on enzymes and microorganisms have been recently received considerable attention because they are recognized as an attractive type of energy conversion technology. In addition to the research activities related to the application of BFCs as power source, we have witnessed recently a growing interest in using BFCs for self‐powered electrochemical biosensing and electrochemical logic biosensing applications. Compared with traditional biosensors, one of the most significant advantages of the BFCs‐based self‐powered electrochemical biosensors and logic biosensors is their ability to detect targets integrated with chemical‐to‐electrochemical energy transformation, thus obviating the requirement of external power sources. Following my previous review (Electroanalysis­ 2012 , 24, 197–209), the present review summarizes, discusses and updates the most recent progress and latest advances on the design and construction of BFCs‐based self‐powered electrochemical biosensors and logic biosensors. In addition to the traditional approaches based on substrate effect, inhibition effect, blocking effect and gene regulation effect for BFCs‐based self‐powered electrochemical biosensors and logic biosensors design, some new principles including enzyme effect, co‐stabilization effect, competition effect and hybrid effect are summarized and discussed by me in details. The outlook and recommendation of future directions of BFCs‐based self‐powered electrochemical biosensors and logic biosensors are discussed in the end.     

Laser-induced Graphene in Facts,Numbers, and Notes in View of Electroanalytical Applications: A Review

In this review, laser-induced graphene (LIG) -based electrodes are discussed by covering such essential areas, as a characterization of LIG material properties necessary for electroanalysis, including data on LIG sheet resistance, wettability, spatial resolution, electrochemical characteristics, as well as correlations of “process” - “properties” - “electroanalytical characteristics”of LIG-electrodes. Moreover, typical and innovative LIG-based electrodes designs for electroanalytical applications, including combined multi-analyte multimodal wearable sensors, interdigitated electrodes, are shown. The essential data related to LIG in electroanalysis are summarized in tables. The authors also discussed recent LIG-based electroanalytical applications. Close attention has been paid to LIG glucose sensors and biosensors.     

Biosensors for environmental monitoring A global perspective

The intention of this article is to reflect the advances and describe the trends on biosensors for environmental applications. Biosensors are useful analytical tools for environmental monitoring, capable of providing results in real time, simple to use, portable and cost-effective. Some examples of biosensors in advanced stage of development, which have been applied to real samples, as well as of commercial devices, are given. Biosensors designed for measurement of either specific chemicals or their biological effects, such as toxicity biosensors and endocrine effect biosensors, are discussed. This overview also addresses the support provided by public institutions for biosensor research in the USA, Japan and, especially, in Europe. Future prospects of biosensor technology, with special emphasis in the development of new sensing elements, are foreseen.     

Biosensors based on screen-printing technology,and their applications in environmental and food analysis

This review summarizes scientific research activity on biosensors, especially screen-printed, electrode-based biosensors. The basic configurations of biosensors based on screen-printing technology are discussed and different procedures for immobilization of the biorecognition component are reviewed. Theoretical aspects are exemplified by practical environmental and food-analysis applications of screen-printed, electrode-based biosensors.     

Biosensors containing acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase as recognition tools for detection of various compounds

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are enzymes expressed in the human body under physiological conditions. AChE is an important part of the cholinergic nerves where it hydrolyses neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Both cholinesterases are sensitive to inhibitors acting as neurotoxic compounds. In analytical applications, the enzymes can serve as a biorecognition element in biosensors as well as simple disposable sensors (dipsticks) and be used for assaying the neurotoxic compounds. In the present review, the mechanism of AChE and BChE inhibition by disparate compounds is explained and methods for assaying the enzymes activity are shown. Optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric biosensors are described. Attention is also given to the application of sol-gel techniques and quantum dots in the biosensors’ construction. Examples of the biosensors are provided and the pros and cons are discussed.     

Recent developments, characteristics, and potential applications of electrochemical biosensors.

The objective of this study is to analyze the technical importance, performance, techniques, advantages, and disadvantages of the biosensors in general and of the electrochemical biosensors in particular. A product of reaction diffuses to the transducer in the first generation biosensors (based on Clark biosensors). The mediated biosensors or second generation biosensors use specific mediators between the reaction and the transducer to improve sensitivity. The second generation biosensors involve two steps: first, there is a redox reaction between enzyme and substrate that is reoxidized by the mediator, and eventually the mediator is oxidized by the electrode. No normal product or mediator diffusion is directly involved in the third generation biosensors, direct biosensors. Based on the type of transducer, current biosensors are divided into optical, mass, thermal, and electrochemical sensors. They are used in medical diagnostics, food quality controls, environmental monitoring, and other applications. These biosensors are also grouped under two broad categories of sensors: direct and indirect detection systems. Moreover, these systems could be further grouped into continuous or batch operation. Therefore, amperometric biosensors and their current applications are focused on more in detail since they are the most commonly used biosensors in monitoring and diagnosing tests in clinical analysis. Problems related to the commercialization of medical, environmental, and industrial biosensors as well as their performance characteristics, their competitiveness in comparison to the conventional analytical tools, and their costs determine the future development of these biosensors.     

Trends in electrochemical biosensors

The development of electrochemically based biosensors is discussed in the context of what has been learned from the successful development of glucose biosensors. Some future trends are discussed.     

Label-Free Impedance Biosensors: Opportunities and Challenges

Impedance biosensors are a class of electrical biosensors that show promise for point-of-care and other applications due to low cost, ease of miniaturization, and label-free operation. Unlabeled DNA and protein targets can be detected by monitoring changes in surface impedance when a target molecule binds to an immobilized probe. The affinity capture step leads to challenges shared by all label-free affinity biosensors; these challenges are discussed along with others unique to impedance readout. Various possible mechanisms for impedance change upon target binding are discussed. We critically summarize accomplishments of past label-free impedance biosensors and identify areas for future research.     

双层类脂膜及其在电化学生物传感器中的应用

详细评述了各种双层类脂膜包括传统的双层类脂膜（ＢＬＭ）、固体载体支撑的自组双层类脂膜（ｓ－ＢＬＭ）、固体载体支撑的混合双层类脂膜（ｅ－ＢＬＭ）的制备方法和特性,比较了其优缺点。介绍了双层类脂膜在电化学生物传感器中的应用,并展望了发展前景。     

Recent advances on the development of graphene-based field-effect transistors,electrochemical biosensors and electrochemiluminescence biosensors

Graphene, a honeycomb lattice of carbon material with single-atom-layer structure, demonstrates extraordinary mechanical, thermal, chemical and electronic properties. Thus, it has sparked tremendous interests in various fields, such as energy storage and conversion devices, field-effect transistors (FET), chemical sensors and biosensors. In this review, we will first focus on the synthesis method of graphene and the fabrication strategy of graphene-based materials. Subsequently, the construction of graphene-based biosensors are introduced, in which three kinds of biosensors are discussed in details, including the FET, electrochemical biosensors and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensors. The performances of the state-of-the-art biosensors on the detection of biomolecules are also displayed. Finally, we also highlight some critical challenges remain to be solved and the development in this field for further research.     

电化学生物传感器在发酵领域中的应用

本文综述了近10年来电化学生物传感器在发酵领域中的研究及应用。首先介绍了电化学生物传感器的基本原理及分类,然后对发酵领域中应用和研究最为广泛的酶电极以及微生物电极传感器进行了分类描述,并重点介绍和归纳了葡萄糖、乳酸、酒精以及甘油生物传感器的研究现状,集中探讨了两类传感器的抗干扰性与选择性等特性。     

Electrochemical enzymatic biosensors based on metal micro-/nanoparticles-modified electrodes: a review

The functions of metal structures of micro- or nano-dimensions in the sensing mechanisms of amperometric enzyme-based biosensors are considered in the light of the principles of detection of the latter. The applications of metal mono- or bimetallic nanoparticles-modified materials as catalytic electrodes in the fabrication of first-generation and the role which metal nanoparticles play in promoting or enhancing the electron transfer rates in third-generation electrochemical biosensors are reviewed. Some examples of gold NPs functionalised with enzymes via gold-thiol chemistry as a strategy for enzyme immobilisation and spatial orientation when developing amperometric biosensors are also discussed.     

Electrochemical biosensors based on Ti3C2Tx MXene: future perspectives for on-site analysis

MXenes are recently developed two-dimensional layered materials composed of early transition metal carbides and/or nitrides that provide unique characteristics for biosensor applications. This review presents the recent progress made on the usage and applications of MXenes in the field of electrochemical biosensors, including microfluidic biosensors and wearable microfluidic biosensors, and highlights the challenges with possible solutions and future needs. The multilayered configuration and high conductivity make these materials as an immobilization matrix for the biomolecule immobilization with activity retention and to be explored in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors, respectively. First, how the MXene nanocomposite as an electrode modifier affects the sensing performance of the electrochemical biosensors based on enzymes, aptamer/DNA, and immunoassays is well described. Second, recent developments in MXene nanocomposites as wearable biosensing platforms for the biomolecule detection are highlighted. This review pointed out the future concerns and directions for the use of MXene nanocomposites to fabricate advanced electrochemical biosensors with high sensitivity and selectivity. Specifically, possibilities for developing microfluidic electrochemical sensors and wearable electrochemical microfluidic sensors with integrated biomolecule detection are emphasized.     

Protein adsorption onto nanomaterials for the development of biosensors and analytical devices: A review

An important consideration for the development of biosensors is the adsorption of the biorecognition element to the surface of a substrate. As the first step in the immobilization process, adsorption affects most immobilization routes and much attention is given into the research of this process to maximize the overall activity of the biosensor. The use of nanomaterials, specifically nanoparticles and nanostructured films, offers advantageous properties that can be fine-tuned to maximize interactions with specific proteins to maximize activity, minimize structural changes, and enhance the catalytic step. In the biosensor field, protein–nanomaterial interactions are an emerging trend that span across many disciplines. This review addresses recent publications about the proteins most frequently used, their most relevant characteristics, and the conditions required to adsorb them to nanomaterials. When relevant and available, subsequent analytical figures of merits are discussed for selected biosensors. The general trend amongst the research papers allows concluding that the use of nanomaterials has already provided significant improvements in the analytical performance of many biosensors and that this research field will continue to grow.