Chemiluminescence flow Sensor for determination of the Ammonium ion

Anunoniaisasignificantalkalinepollutantintheatmosphere.AInInoniaeInittedintothetroposphereisreadilytraPpedbyacidicclouddropletSanditneutralizestheacidityofthedropletStoformammoniumsaltS.Therefore,thedetendnationoftheanunoniumioninwetdepositionisveryimportantinatmosphericchemistry,andthereisaneedforasimPleandrapidmethodforthedetendnationofNfu .Variousdetectionmethodsandtechniquesareusedfordetendninganunoniaorammoniumion,suchasionchromatography',ion-selectiveeIectrode',BLMselectrochendcalse…     

Chemiluminescence flow system for the determination of sulfite

A novel chemiluminescence(CL) flow system for sulfite is described based on electrostatically immobilized luminol on an anion exchange column. Sulfite is detected by the CL reaction with luminol bleeding from the column by hydrolysis. The calibration graph is linear in the range 3 × 10^–7 to 1 × 10^–5 mol/L, and the detection limit is 1 × 10^–7 mol/L. Interfering metal ions co-existing in sample solutions could be effectively eliminated on-line by an upstream cation exchanger. A complete analysis could be performed in 1 min with a relative standard deviation of less than 5%. The system could be reused for over 50 h and has been applied successfully to the determination of sulfur dioxide in air. Received: 21 October 1997 / Revised: 23 February 1998 / Accepted: 26 February 1998     

Chemiluminescence flow system for the determination of sulfite

A novel chemiluminescence(CL) flow system for sulfite is described based on electrostatically immobilized luminol on an anion exchange column. Sulfite is detected by the CL reaction with luminol bleeding from the column by hydrolysis. The calibration graph is linear in the range 3 × 10^–7 to 1 × 10^–5 mol/L, and the detection limit is 1 × 10^–7 mol/L. Interfering metal ions co-existing in sample solutions could be effectively eliminated on-line by an upstream cation exchanger. A complete analysis could be performed in 1 min with a relative standard deviation of less than 5%. The system could be reused for over 50 h and has been applied successfully to the determination of sulfur dioxide in air.     

试剂固定化的流动注射化学发光测定盐酸伊托必利

基于盐酸伊托必利在碱性条件下对铁氰化钾鲁米诺化学发光体系有较强的抑制作用,并采用离子交换固定法将鲁米诺和铁氰化钾全部固定在阴离子交换树脂上,联用流动注射技术建立了测定盐酸伊托必利的新方法。本法的线性范围为1.0~100.0μg/mL,检出限0.2μg/mL,对20μg/mL的盐酸伊托必利11次平行测定,其相对标准偏差为2.1%。单次测定在45 s内完成。此固定化柱可使用200次以上。可用于盐酸伊托必利片剂中盐酸伊托必利的质量检测。     

A chemiluminescence flow injection system for nitrite ion determination

A chemiluminescence system is described for the determination of nitrite ion based on new designs for an ozone generator, liquid-gas separator and chemiluminescence reaction cell. The method is based on the gas-phase chemiluminescence reaction between ozone and nitric oxide, which is generated from the reduction of nitrite with iodide in sulfuric acid solution. The efficiency of the system was evaluated by investigation of the analytical performance characteristics of the system for nitrite determination in batch and flow injection procedures. Under optimal conditions, the chemiluminescence response of the system was linear against the nitrite concentration over the range 1 to 1 × 10⁴ ng ml^?1 in the batch procedure and 10 to 5 × 10³ ng ml^?1 in the flow injection procedure, with detection limits of 1 and 10 ng ml^?1, respectively. The method is highly selective and allows for the determination of nitrite in the presence of high concentrations of several cationic, anionic and nitrogen containing species. It has been successfully applied to the analysis of nitrite in natural water and soil extracts.     

Chemiluminescence system for automatic determination of chemical oxygen demand using flow injection analysis

A novel chemiluminescence (CL) system for automatic determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) combined with flow injection analysis is proposed in this paper. In this system, potassium permanganate is reduced to Mn²⁺ which is first adsorbed on a strongly acid cation-exchange resin mini-column to be concentrated during chemical oxidation of the organic compounds at room temperature, while the excessive MnO₄⁻ passes through the mini-column to be waste, then the concentrated Mn²⁺ is eluted reversely and measured by the luminol-H₂O₂ CL system. The calibration graph is linear in the range of 4-4000 mg l⁻¹ and the detection limit is 2 mg l⁻¹. A complete analysis could be performed in 1.5 min including washing and sampling, giving a throughout of about 40 h⁻¹. The relative standard deviation was 4.4% for 10 mg l⁻¹ COD (n=11), 4.8% for 100 mg l⁻¹ COD (n=11). This CL flow system for determination of COD is very simple, rapid and suitable for automatic and continuous analysis. The presented system has been applied successfully to the determination of COD of water samples.     

A multi-pumping flow system for chemiluminescent determination of ammonium in natural waters

Abstract

This paper presents a novel technique for measuring soluble inorganic monophosphate in water based on high performance liquid chromatography and flow injection detection (IC-FI). The IC-FI technology was applied to irrigation water from the Macalister Research Farm in South Eastern Australia. Overland flow was measured exiting two irrigation bays. Inorganic monophosphate constituted over 97% of the DRP component and between 86–93% of the total phosphorus. Similar results were obtained from a channel that drained the excess irrigation water from the farm. This work supports the findings of others that show DRP contributes a large portion of the P in runoff from grazing systems. Additionally, it confirms this fraction is dominated by immediately bioavailable inorganic monophosphate, something that previously could only be inferred due to the limitations of the chemistry applied.     

Chemiluminescence nitrogen detection in ion chromatography for the determination of nitrogen-containing anions

Chemiluminescence nitrogen detection (CLND) provides equimolar response for nitrogen-containing ions such as nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, ammonium and tetradecyltrimethylammonium. Only azide yields a lower response. Nitrite, azide and nitrate are separated on a Dionex AS11 column using 5 mM NaOH as eluent with a 3 μM (1 ng N) limit of detection. Matrices, such as 1:10 diluted seawater, do not degrade these detection limits. CLND also provides equally sensitive (limit of detection 3 μM, 78 ppb) detection of weak acids such, as cyanide, which yield poor sensitivity with suppressed conductivity detection.     

Chemiluminescence determination of nitrate with photochemical activation in a flow injection system

A chemiluminescence flow injection system is described for the determination of nitrate, involving use of a laboratory-built flow-through photochemical reactor. Optimum analytical conditions were established. The linear range for nitrate is 7 x 10(-8)-1 x 10(-4)M. The sampling frequency is 60 samples per hour. The relative standard deviation for 1 x 10(-7), 1 x 10(-6) and 1 x 10(-5)M nitrate is 0.97, 0.84 and 0.76%, respectively. The method has been applied to the determination of nitrate in natural water samples, and recoveries of 96-103% have been attained.     

Purge-and-trap ion chromatography for the determination of trace ammonium ion in high-salinity water samples

It has always been assumed that purge-and-trap (P&T) method is only used for the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in aqueous samples. In this paper, a novel P&T preconcentrator has been developed for the determination of trace amounts of ammonium ion in high-salinity water samples by ion chromatography (IC). Method performance is evaluated as a function of concentration of assistant purging material, purging time, and flow rate. Under the optimum P&T conditions with the purified nitrogen gas at flow rate 40 mL/min for 15.0 min at 40 degrees C, the overall collection efficiency is independent of the concentration of ammonium over the range 1.2-5.9 microM. The enrichment factor (EF) of ammonium correlates the ratio of the sample volume to the acceptor solution volume in the trap vessel, providing potentially unlimited increase of the ammonium signal. Our results indicate that environmental samples with low levels of ammonium in matrices with high concentrations of sodium can be easily analyzed and the detection limit down to 75 nM (1.35 ppb) level, corresponding to picomole of ammonia in the injected sample. Calibration graph was constructed with ammonium standards ranging from 0.05 to 6.0 microM and the linearity of the present method was good as suggested by the square of correlation coefficients being better than 0.997. Thus, we have demonstrated that the P&T-IC method allows the routine determination of ammonium ion in seawater samples without cation interferences.     

Chemiluminescence flow sensor for the determination of ascorbic acid with immobilized reagents

A novel flow sensor based on chemiluminescence (CL) for the determination of ascorbic acid has been proposed. The analytical reagents, luminol and ferricyanide, were both immobilized on an anion-exchange resin column. The CL signal produced by the reaction between luminol and ferricyanide, which were eluted from the column through sodium phosphate injection, was decreased in the presence of ascorbic acid. The CL emission intensity was linear with ascorbic acid concentration in the range 0.01-0.8 mug ml(-1); the detection limit was 5.5 x 10(-3) mug ml(-1). The whole process, including sampling and washing, could be completed in 1 min with a relative standard deviation of less than 5%. The sensor could be reused more than 100 times and has been applied successfully to the analysis of ascorbic acid in pills and vegetables.     

流动注射化学发光法测定佐米曲谱坦

在碱性条件下,佐米曲谱坦对鲁米诺-K3[Fe(CN)6]化学发光体系有较强的抑制作用,据此建立了佐米曲谱坦的流动注射化学发光分析法。该法的化学发光抑制值ΔI与佐米曲谱坦质量浓度在2.0×10-6~1.2×10-4g/mL范围内,呈良好的线性关系,检出限为7.6×10-7g/mL。对2.5×10-5g/mL佐米曲谱坦测定的相对标准偏差为1.2%(n=11)。方法适用于佐米曲谱坦片中佐米曲谱坦的测定。     

流动注射化学发光法测定司帕沙星的研究

在酸性介质中,司帕沙星对NaNO2-H2O2发光体系有很强的增强作用,并且其增强化学发光强度与司帕沙星的物质的量浓度在一定范围内呈线性关系。基于此,采用流动注射技术,建立了一种简单、快速测定司帕沙星的方法。线性范围为1.0×10-7~8.5×10-4mol/L,检出限为6.5×10-8mol/L。利用该法测定了司帕沙星片剂中的司帕沙星,回收率在98.8%~104.4%之间。     

流动注射化学发光法测定那格列奈

在碱性介质中,那格列奈对Luminol-H2O2体系的化学发光有很强的抑制作用,据此建立了流动注射化学发光抑制法测定那格列奈的新方法.该法的化学发光抑制值△I与那格列奈的质量浓度在2.0×10-8～1.0×10-6 g/mL范围内,呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.4×10-8 g/mL;对4.0×10-7 g/mL那格列奈连续进行11次平行测定,相对标准偏差为1.0%;通过对荧光光谱的研究,对机理进行了初步探讨.     

流动注射化学发光法测定氨苄西林的研究

氨苄西林在NaOH溶液中降解后,其产物可在酸性条件下与KMnO4发生化学发光反应,甲醛的存在可使发光强度增强。据此,采用流动注射技术,建立了一种测定氨苄西林的化学发光分析法。方法的检出限为9.1×10-9g/mL,相对标准偏差为1.8%(n=11,ρ=3.4×10-6g/mL),线性范围为4.0×10-8~2.0×10-5g/mL。利用该法测定了氨苄西林胶囊中的氨苄西林,其回收率在87%~106%。     

Chemiluminescence flow system for the determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in water

A novel chemiluminescence (CL) flow system has been developed for the sequential determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in water. Fe(II) was detected by its catalytic effect on the CL reaction between luminol immobilized on an anion exchange resin column and dissolved oxygen; Fe(III) was determined by difference measurement after on-line conversion to Fe(II) in a reducing mini-column packed with Cu plated Zn granules. For both ions, the calibration graph was linear in the range 1 × 10^–9 to 1 × 10^–6 g/mL, and the detection limit was 4 × 10^–10 g/mL. A complete analysis could be performed in 1.5 min with a relative standard deviation of less than 5%. The system could be reused for over 200 times and has been applied successfully to the determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in natural water samples. Received: 13 March 1997 / Revised: 3 June 1997 / Accepted: 6 June 1997     

Continuous-flow chemiluminometric determination of ammonium ion in fertilizers

A simple continuous-flow chemiluminometric method for the determination of 0.0540-5.40 mug/ml of ammonium ion is described. The method is based on the chemiluminescence generated during the oxidation of ammonium ion by N-bromosuccinimide in alkaline medium. The emission intensity is greatly enhanced if dichlorofluorescein is also present in the reaction solution. The analysis is automated, requires no sample pre-treatment and solutions can be analysed at a rate of 106 solutions/hr with a relative error of about 2.5%. The method was applied satisfactorily to the determination of ammonium ion in solid and liquid fertilizers.     

Chemiluminescence flow system for the determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in water

A novel chemiluminescence (CL) flow system has been developed for the sequential determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in water. Fe(II) was detected by its catalytic effect on the CL reaction between luminol immobilized on an anion exchange resin column and dissolved oxygen; Fe(III) was determined by difference measurement after on-line conversion to Fe(II) in a reducing mini-column packed with Cu plated Zn granules. For both ions, the calibration graph was linear in the range 1 × 10^–9 to 1 × 10^–6 g/mL, and the detection limit was 4 × 10^–10 g/mL. A complete analysis could be performed in 1.5 min with a relative standard deviation of less than 5%. The system could be reused for over 200 times and has been applied successfully to the determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in natural water samples.     

流动注射化学发光法快速测定化学需氧量

基于酸性K2 Cr2 O7在消解水体中的有机污染物时被还原为Cr(Ⅲ ) ,而Cr(Ⅲ )可以催化Luminol H2 O2 体系产生强的化学发光 ,建立了一种测定COD的流动注射化学发光法。本方法不需要催化剂 ,不需要长的消解时间 ,可以采用较低的酸度 ,适合于在线连续检测水体COD。本方法检测COD的线性范围为 2 0～1 0 0 0 0mg L ,检出限为 1 0mg L ,对 1 0mg LCOD的 1 1次平行测定的RSD小于5 %。方法已用于地表水样COD的测定。