氧化铈对镍基碳化钛复合涂层微观结构及摩擦学性能影响

探讨了激光熔覆TiC4复合陶瓷涂层微观结构特征,研究了氧化铈对涂层显微组织、显微硬度及摩擦学性能的影响.在45#钢基体上制作了Ni、Cr、TiC4复合陶瓷涂层及氧化铈改性的复合涂层,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、分析型扫描电镜(ASEM)、显微硬度计及摩擦磨损试验机对涂层组成、显微组织、显微硬度及摩擦学性能进行了分析.结果表明:利用激光熔覆方法制作的TiC4陶瓷层具有典型的包覆相和硬质点相结构,加入适量的氧化铈能有效防止TiC4结晶过程中颗粒桥接,阻止TiC4结晶成枝状结构,细化了TiC4颗粒,同时也使其分布更加离散.当添加氧化铈的质量分数为0.50%～3.0%时,TiC4颗粒离散效果最好,此时涂层显微硬度分布均匀,较不添加氧化铈涂层相比,显微硬度提高了10%左右,当添加氧化铈的质量分数超过4.0%,TiC4颗粒发生桥接,成枝状结构,且出现聚集,硬度分布离散度加大.磨损试验结果表明氧化铈能改善涂层的干摩擦特性,有效防止涂层片层状脱落,但对涂层耐磨性没有明显的改进,涂层呈现黏着磨损特征.     

CeO2对WC-Co/Ni60B激光熔覆涂层组织和磨损性能的影响

本文采用激光熔覆的方法,成功制备出了以45#钢为基体,Ni60B自熔性合金粉末为粘结相,微米和纳米WC-12%Co为增强相,含一定量稀土氧化物CeO2的陶瓷颗粒增强金属基复合涂层.在MM200环块磨损试验机上进行了相同磨损距离和不同载荷下的干摩擦滑动磨损试验.研究了CeO2对涂层组织形貌、硬度和磨损性能的影响.结果表明：CeO2的加入对熔覆层的组织起到明显的细化作用,使枝晶生长的方向性减弱,组织趋于均匀;由于硬质相的析出和细晶强化的作用,熔覆涂层的显微硬度值比未添加稀土的涂层有所提高,涂层的耐磨性也相应得到了改善.     

激光熔覆Cr3C2/Co基合金复合涂层组织与摩擦磨损性能研究

在低碳钢表面激光熔覆制备了添加质量分数40%Cr3C2的钴基合金复合涂层(Cr3C2/Co),研究了激光熔覆Cr3C2/Co涂层的显微组织、相结构、显微硬度及其摩擦磨损性能,并与激光熔覆钴基合金涂层(Co60)进行了相同工艺条件下的对比试验.结果表明,激光熔覆Co60涂层以亚共晶方式结晶,涂层组织主要由大量初生γ-Co枝晶固溶体及其间的共晶组织γ-Co Cr23C6组成;激光熔覆Cr3C2/Co涂层以过共晶方式结晶,组织主要由未熔Cr3C2粒子、大量杆状和块状的富Cr碳化物(M7C3及M23C6型碳化物)以及其间的细小枝晶与共晶组织组成.添加Cr3C2改变了Co60涂层的凝固特征,未熔Cr3C2粒子起到了非自发形核作用,在其周围形成了许多富Cr碳化物,细化了涂层枝晶组织.激光熔覆Cr3C2/Co涂层的显微硬度及其耐磨性比Co60涂层明显提高.Co60涂层主要磨损机理为脆性剥落和犁削,Cr3C2/Co涂层的磨损机理主要为轻微犁削.     

激光镍包纳米Al2O3增强复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用大功率CO2激光器在45#钢基体上制备激光熔覆镍包纳米Al2O3复合涂层,采用金相显微镜观察涂层表面形貌,在销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机上评价复合涂层与45#碳钢配副的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:经激光熔覆处理制备的镍包纳米Al2O3复合涂层的耐磨性能显著提高,磨损质量损失降低38%,摩擦系数降低40%;复合涂层中纳米Al2O3的配比对其耐磨性影响显著,高配比涂层具有较好的耐磨性,而摩擦系数与Al2O3配比的关系不大.     

纳米Sm2O3增强TiC/Co基复合涂层微观组织和耐磨性能研究

利用激光熔覆技术在45钢表面制备了纳米Sm₂O₃增强TiC/Co基复合涂层，系统研究了纳米Sm₂O₃对TiC/Co基复合涂层宏观形貌、微观组织和耐磨性能的影响. 结果表明:纳米Sm₂O₃增强TiC/Co基复合涂层主要由γ-Co、Cr₂₃C₆、TiC、Co₃Ti和Fe₇Sm相组成. 纳米Sm₂O₃增强TiC/Co基复合涂层呈现出与基体形成更加优良的冶金结合和优良的润湿性，显微组织明显细小均匀. 随着纳米Sm₂O₃含量增加，复合涂层的显微硬度和耐磨性能均先增加后降低，当纳米Sm₂O₃质量分数为1.5%时，复合涂层的显微硬度和耐磨性能分别提高了10.1%和17.1%. 添加纳米Sm₂O₃的复合涂层的磨损机理均为磨粒磨损. 应用多元统计分析的结果也表明纳米Sm₂O₃对TiC/Co基合金涂层有着显著影响.      

等离子熔敷Cr7C3金属陶瓷增强复合涂层组织与耐磨性研究

利用等离子熔敷技术,以Fe-Cr-C合金粉末为原料在正火态C级钢表面制备出Cr7C3金属陶瓷增强复合涂层,分析了复合涂层的显微组织结构,评价了复合涂层在室温干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性.结果表明:等离子熔敷Cr7C3金属陶瓷增强复合涂层的组织均匀、与基材之间为完全冶金结合,涂层显微组织为规则块状Cr7C3金属陶瓷相均匀分布于Cr7C3与γ-Fe固溶体构成的共晶基体上,其硬度较高;涂层在室温干滑动磨损条件下表现出优异的耐磨性,复合涂层磨损质量损失随载荷增加变化缓慢.     

交变磁场对激光熔覆Fe基复合涂层组织结构及其耐磨性的影响

采用激光熔覆辅助电磁控制工艺在45钢表面合成了Fe-Cr-Si-B-C复合涂层.通过对熔覆层进行SEM、EDS和XRD表征,研究了外加交变磁场对涂层微观组织和物相结构的影响.结果表明:外加磁场可降低激光熔池固-液界面前沿液相的温度梯度和增加非均质形核率,促使粗大、方向性很强的柱状晶转变为均匀、细小的等轴晶,并能够消除熔覆层内的气孔和裂纹等缺陷,但其对熔覆层物相组成的影响不大.熔覆涂层由白色初生γ-(Fe,Cr)固溶体相和其间黑色的γ-(Fe,Cr)共晶相组成,同时含有少量Fe3(B,C)、Cr7(B,C)3、CrFeB等碳化物和硼化物.常温干摩擦磨损试验表明,外加磁场所制备的涂层耐磨性能得到明显提高,其磨损失重仅为未加磁场的43％,且摩擦系数波动较小.     

无压浸渍锰白铜合金-W2C复合涂层的磨损特性研究

采用无压浸渍工艺在45#钢表面制备锰白铜合金-W2C复合涂层,考察了比压、转速及W2C颗粒尺寸对复合涂层耐磨性的影响,并与目前钻机刹车盘用16Mn钢材料的耐磨性进行对比.结果表明:在给定的试验条件下,采用2种不同W2C颗粒粒度的复合涂层的磨损量均随比压及转速的增加而增大;W2C粒度大的涂层由于W2C颗粒在锰白铜基体中分布均匀,形成较好的骨架结构,弥散强化作用较好,比W2C粒度小的涂层具有更优异的耐磨性;由于W2C颗粒能够削弱磨粒的微切削作用,抑制裂纹扩展,其涂层耐磨性比16Mn钢提高10～50倍.     

原位合成M23C6-WC双相碳化物协同增强激光熔覆层摩擦磨损行为的研究

选用W-Fe60-C合金粉末作为原材料,利用激光熔覆技术以最佳工艺参数(激光功率1.5 kW、扫描速度4 mm/s和送粉率10 g/min)在16Mn钢表面制备M₂₃C₆-WC (M: Cr, W, Fe)双相碳化物增强铁基熔覆层,并对其微观结构与物相进行表征,以及在商用铁基合金数据库的基础上,使用Thermo-Calc软件进行热力学计算来研究熔覆层的凝固过程. 此外,还对比研究了纯Fe60合金熔覆层、WC增强铁基熔覆层和M₂₃C₆-WC双相碳化物增强铁基熔覆层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损行为. 结果显示:M₂₃C₆-WC双相碳化物增强铁基熔覆层主要以α-Fe枝晶为基体、W、WC和M₂₃C₆复合碳化物为增强相. M₂₃C₆碳化物以连续网状结构分布在α-Fe枝晶间,WC颗粒以残留W为形核核心生长成块状分布在熔覆层中. 微观结构结合热力学计算结果表明:激光熔覆过程中M₂₃C₆-WC双相碳化物增强铁基熔覆层的凝固过程为液态+W→液态+W+WC→液态+W+WC+γ-(Fe,Ni)枝晶→W+WC+γ-(Fe, Ni)枝晶+M₂₃C₆→W+WC+α-Fe枝晶+M₂₃C₆. 根据显微硬度和磨损率测试可知:M₂₃C₆-WC双相碳化物增强铁基熔覆层的平均显微硬度为835.3 HV_0.5,比纯Fe60合金涂层(604.6 HV_0.5)和WC增强铁基熔覆层(658.9 HV_0.5)分别增加了约230 HV_0.5和180 HV_0.5. M₂₃C₆-WC双相碳化物增强铁基熔覆层的磨损率为3.44×10?6 mm3/(N·m),比纯Fe60合金熔覆层[8.51×10?5 mm3/(N·m)]和WC增强铁基熔覆层[7.98×10?6 mm3/(N·m)]分别减少了约24.7倍和2.3倍.      

激光熔覆Zr—Al—Ni—Cu复合涂层组织及其摩擦磨损性能

采用激光熔覆技术在 Ti基体上制备了 Zr65Al7.5Ni1 0 Cu1 7.5合金涂层 ,涂层由金属间化合物、少量非晶和纳米晶构成 .分别向涂层中添加 C或 B及 Si等组元 ,使涂层硬度由原来的 10 41H K升高到 10 85 H K和 12 5 2 H K;同时在干摩擦条件下考察了其摩擦磨损行为 .结果表明 ,涂层的摩擦系数分别为 0 .14、0 .16和 0 .17,涂层磨损机制以磨粒磨损、剥层磨损和粘着磨损为主     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

Preface

This special issue of PARTICUOLOGY is devoted to the first UK-China Particle Technology Forum taking place in Leeds, UK, on 1-3 April 2007. The forum was initiated by a number of UK and Chinese leading academics and organised by the University of Leeds in collaboration with Chinese Society of Particuology, Particle Technology Subject Group （PTSG） of the Institution of Chemical Engineers （IChemE）, Particle Characterisation Interest Group （PCIG） of the Royal Society of Chemistry （RSC） and International Fine Particle Research Institute （IFPRI）. The forum was supported financially by the Engineering and Physics Sciences Research Council （EPSRC） of United Kingdom,     

基于鲁棒滤波的捷联导引头视线角速度估计方法

针对捷联导引头无法直接获取视线角速度等信息的问题,研究了鲁棒滤波在大气层外飞行器捷联导引头视线角速度估计中的应用。为了建立非线性滤波估计模型,考虑目标视线角速度的慢变特性,采用一阶马尔科夫模型建立了状态方程;推导了视线角速度的解耦模型,并建立了量测方程;考虑到实际应用中存在系统噪声统计特性失准的问题,基于Huber-Based鲁棒滤波方法,设计了视线角速度滤波器,并完成了基于Huber-Based滤波方法和扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的数学仿真。仿真结果表明Huber-Based滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度分别达到0.1140'、0.1423'/s、0.0203'/s2,而扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度仅分别为0.6577'、0.6415'/s、0.0979'/s~2。仿真结果证明了该方法可以有效地估计出相对视线角速度等信息,并且在非高斯噪声的条件下,依然可获得较高的估计精度,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Guide for authors

正Each of the sections below provides essential information for authors.We recommend that you take the time to read them before submitting a contribution to Acta Mechanica Sinica.We hope our guide to authors may help you navigate to the appropriate section.How to prepare a submission This document provides an outline of the editorial process involved in publishing a scientific paper in Acta Mechanica     

Use specification of multiscale materials for life spanned over macro-, micro-, nano-, and pico-scale

Multiscale material intends to enhance the strength and life of mechanical systems by matching the transmitted spatiotemporal energy distribution to the constituents at the different scale, say—macro, micro, nano, and pico,—, depending on the needs. Lower scale entities are, particularly, critical to small size systems. Large structures are less sensitive to microscopic effects. Scale shifting laws will be developed for relating test data from nano-, micro-, and macro-specimens. The benefit of reinforcement at the lower scale constituents needs to be justified at the macroscopic scale. Filling the void and space in regions of high energy density is considered.Material inhomogeneity interacts with specimen size. Their combined effect is non-equilibrium. Energy exchange between the environment and specimen becomes increasingly more significant as the specimen size is reduced. Perturbation of the operational conditions can further aggravate the situation. Scale transitional functions and/or f_j/j+1 are introduced to quantify these characteristics. They are represented, respectively, by , and (f_mi/ma,f_na/mi,f_pi/na). The abbreviations pi, na, mi, and ma refer to pico, nano, micro and macro.Local damage is assumed to initiate at a small scale, grows to a larger scale, and terminate at an even larger scale. The mechanism of energy absorption and dissipation will be introduced to develop a consistent book keeping system. Compaction of mass density for constituents of size 10⁻¹², 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁶, 10⁻³ m, will be considered. Energy dissipation at all scales must be accounted for. Dissipations at the smaller scale must not only be included but they must abide by the same physical and mathematical interpretation, in order to avoid inconsistencies when making connections with those at the larger scale where dissipations are eminent.Three fundamental Problems I, II, and III are stated. They correspond to the commonly used service conditions. Reference is made to a Representative Tip (RT), the location where energy absorption and dissipation takes place. The RT can be a crack tip or a particle. At the larger size scales, RT can refer to a region. Scale shifting of results from the very small to the very large is needed to identify the benefit of using multiscale materials.