Non-Arrhenius relaxation of the Heisenberg model with dipolar and anisotropic interactions

The dynamical properties of a 2D Heisenberg model with dipolar interactions and perpendicular anisotropy are studied using Monte Carlo simulations in two different ordered regions of the equilibrium phase diagram. We find a temperature defining a dynamical transition below which the relaxation suddenly slows down and the system apart from the typical Arrhenius relaxation to a Vogel-Fulcher-Tamann law. This anomalous behavior is observed in the scaling of the magnetic relaxation and may eventually lead to a freezing of the system. Through the analysis of the domain structures we explain this behavior in terms of the domains dynamics. Moreover, we calculate the energy barriers distribution obtained from the data of the magnetic viscosity. Its shape supports our comprehension of both, the Vogel-Fulcher-Tamann dynamical slowing down and the freezing mechanism.     

A Design of Magic Tee with Coplanar Arms

Magic tee is a widely used component in microwave systems; the four arms of conventional magic tee direct at four different directions, which give inconveniences to the assemblage of a system. In this paper, a broad-wall slot directional coupler and an E-plane dielectric loaded waveguide phase shifter is used to form a magic tee with four arms in the same E-plane. The magic tee is analyzed exactly with mode match method; and the simulated annealing method is used to optimize the performance of the magic tee. Simulation results are presented, which show good performance.     

自旋回波的简易观测方法及共振弛豫分析

在脉冲核磁共振实验中,通常采用自旋回波法测量共振弛豫时间,但模拟示波器观测难以获得准确的实验数据.通过对计算机标准配置资源声卡的性能检测及标定,使其达到物理实验测量数据定量分析的教学要求,同时利用免费的简易程序实现多通道数字信号采集功能并用于观测记录脉冲核磁共振信号.配合实验操作技术改进,既准确地测量了横向弛豫时间,又展现了符合物理实验教学的计算机应用方法.     

Properties of the HYSCORE spin echo signal

In hyperfine sublevel correlation spectroscopy (HYSCORE), the finite duration of the microwave pulses leads to an incomplete inversion of the electron spin magnetization by the third pulse, which results in a significant admixture of stimulated ESEEM to HYSCORE ESEEM. This virtually unavoidable contribution of stimulated ESEEM seriously hampers the analysis of the modulation amplitudes in HYSCORE. In this work, we analyze the properties of the spin echo signals contributing to the composite HYSCORE signal. Based on this analysis, we propose the strategies of HYSCORE data acquisition and processing that allow one to practically eliminate the contribution of the stimulated echo and make the HYSCORE ESEEM analyzable in quantitative terms.     

Solid-state NMR studies for the determination of 11B electric field-gradient tensor orientations in P/B Frustrated Lewis Pairs and related systems

A solid state NMR method is described for measuring the angle Θ specifying the orientation of the principal component of the ¹¹B electric field gradient tensor relative to the ¹¹B^…31P internuclear vector of ¹¹B–³¹P spin pairs. It is based on the anisotropic dephasing of ¹¹B spins in the dipolar field of ³¹P nuclei via ¹¹B{³¹P} Rotational Echo DOuble Resonance (REDOR) experiments. The method is applied to four solid borane–phosphane compounds related to Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) chemistry. Results determined by numerical line shape simulations are found in excellent agreement with theoretically calculated values using advanced DFT methods. The angle Θ, which can be measured with an estimated precision of ±5°, offers a clear spectroscopic distinction between classical Lewis-acid/base adducts and active Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs).     

A simplified formula for T1 contrast optimization for short-TR steady-state incoherent (spoiled) gradient echo sequences

There are certain instances in practical magnetic resonance imaging where T₁ changes by a small amount relative to a neighboring pixel or between scans for a given pixel. The source of these small changes in T₁ can be caused either by changes in tissue water content or by the uptake of a contrast agent. For short repetition time (TR) spoiled gradient echo imaging, we show that a robust and a simple, easy to use back-of-the-envelope expression for the flip angle that optimizes contrast under these conditions is given by √3θ_E in radians or (180/π)√6TR/T₁ in degrees. We show that for a TR/T₁ ratio of up to 0.3 and for a T₁ change of up to ±50%, this approximation to the optimal flip angle produces a contrast to within 6% of the theoretical maximum value and that these predictions are in good agreement with experiment.     

Spectral parameters for quantitative mobility contrast in NMR imaging of solid polymers

Different procedures based on parameters of the wideline NMR absorption spectrum are presented to obtain localized molecular mobility contrast for imaging of solid polymers. For this purpose a ¹H-NMR imaging technique with magic sandwich echoes is used for acquiring localized wideline spectra. With samples composed of polystyrene and high impact strength polystyrene, and polycarbonate and low density polyethylene a spatial difference in NMR absorption spectrum lineshape and linewidth is displayed. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of rigid and mobile domains in a heterogeneous polymer can be derived from the NMR spectral components. It is demonstrated that a van Vleck moment analysis can be performed from spatially resolved magic echo decays. The second (M₂) and fourth (M₄) moments of the rigid components show considerable variation with the spatial composition of the investigated samples.     

Rotating frame relaxation during adiabatic pulses vs. conventional spin lock: simulations and experimental results at 4 T

Spin relaxation taking place during radiofrequency (RF) irradiation can be assessed by measuring the longitudinal and transverse rotating frame relaxation rate constants (R_1ρ and R_2ρ). These relaxation parameters can be altered by utilizing different settings of the RF irradiation, thus providing a useful tool to generate contrast in MRI. In this work, we investigate the dependencies of R_1ρ and R_2ρ due to dipolar interactions and anisochronous exchange (i.e., exchange between spins with different chemical shift δω≠0) on the properties of conventional spin-lock and adiabatic pulses, with particular emphasis on the latter ones which were not fully described previously. The results of simulations based on relaxation theory provide a foundation for formulating practical considerations for in vivo applications of rotating frame relaxation methods. Rotating frame relaxation measurements obtained from phantoms and from the human brain at 4 T are presented to confirm the theoretical predictions.     

高斯回波模型在超声回波模拟中的应用及其迭代算法的讨论

本文将超声回波模拟成被高斯白噪声污染的高斯回波，并建立关于一系列估计参数的非线性模型，如回波的频带宽度，到达时间，中心频率，相位及回波幅度。这些参数对于超声无损检测中材料检测、目标探测、目标分类、及速率测量等密切相关。运用高斯-牛顿算法进行迭代计算，该算法能以较少的迭代次数计算出较为精确的参数向量，但该算法对到达时间T的初值设置较为敏感。     

水中目标回波亮点统计特征研究

礁石和海洋动物引起的混响是主动声纳最严重的干扰, 如何区分礁石、鱼群和水中目标一直是制约主动声纳识别技术的难点问题. 针对礁石与目标回波难以区分的问题, 从特征识别的应用角度, 研究水中复杂目标全方位回波亮点特征的有效表征和应用方式, 基于目标回波亮点模型, 提出拷贝相关器输出的目标散射函数估计方法, 给出对目标回波亮点相对关系进行定量分析的目标回波特征统计表征方式, 并基于湖上实验提取了物理机理明确的目标回波亮点统计特征, 使得目标时间-角度谱中所蕴含的目标特征信息能够很直接地转化为主动声纳易于应用的目标特征. 关键词： 水中目标 回波亮点 统计特征     

Structure determination of aligned systems by solid-state NMR magic angle spinning methods

Single crystal rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) experiments can be used to determine the three-dimensional orientation of heteronuclear bond vectors in an amino acid, as well as the crystal's orientation relative to the rotor fixed frame (RFF). We also demonstrate that for samples uniaxially aligned along the rotor axis, the polar tilt angle of a bond vector relative to the RFF can be measured by use of an analytical expression that describes the REDOR curve for that system. These bond orientations were verified by X-ray indexing of the single crystal sample, and were shown to be as accurate as +/- 1 degrees .     

Magic angle effect in magnetic resonance imaging of the Achilles tendon and enthesis

Collagen fibers in tendons and entheses are highly ordered. The protons within the bound water are subject to dipolar interactions whose strength depends on the orientation of the fibers to the static magnetic field B₀. Clinical pulse sequences have been employed to investigate this magic angle effect of the Achilles tendon, but only limited to imaging appearance with a signal void at many angular orientations due to its short T2. Here we investigated the magic angle effect of the Achilles tendons and entheses on a clinical 3-T scanner using clinical sequences as well as an ultrashort TE sequence with a minimal TE of 8 μs. Qualitative and quantitative investigation of the angular-dependent imaging appearance, T1 and T2* values were performed on five ankle specimens. There was a significant increase in signal intensity for all pulse sequences near the magic angle. Mean T2* for tendon increased from 1.94±0.28 ms at 0° relative to the B₀ field to 15.25±2.13 ms at 55°, and mean T1 increased from 598±37 ms at 0° to 621±44 ms at 55°. There was less magic angle effect for enthesis whose mean T2* increased from 4.12±0.37 ms at 0° to 12.46±1.78 ms at 55°, and mean T1 increased from 685±41 ms at 0° to 718±56 ms at 55°.     

Numerical simulation of optical bi-stability in antiferromagnetic sandwich structure

The magnetically optical bi-stability, a third-order nonlinear response, is investigated on an antiferromagnetic (AF) sandwich structure, where an AF film is sandwiched between two dielectric films. The configuration with the AF anisotropy axis and external static magnetic field both in the interfaces and normal to the incident plane is used. The incident wave is taken as a TE wave with its electric component transverse to the incident plane. We find that bistable switches can appear only in a finite frequency range and an incident angle range for a given regime of incident power, which means that there are the critical incident angle and frequency. The power threshold value for the bi-stability increases with the incident angle. In addition, the bi-stability also easily is modulated by the external magnetic field.     

An improved post-filter of acoustic echo canceller based on subband implementation

In this paper, an effective post-filter structure for subband-based acoustic echo cancellation (SAEC) is proposed. Compared with the current subband-based post-filters, the proposed one can more consistently suppress the background noise, as well as the residual echoes. To reduce the effects of the distortion of the near-end speech, two alternative modified versions of the post-filter are proposed, which guarantees the quality of speech communications. The proposed post-filters are seamlessly combined with the subband-based AEC system with quite small computational burden. The instrumental evaluation and listening test both demonstrate the superiority of the post-filters.     

一种用于立体声声学回波消除的新型鲁棒梯度法格梯形自适应滤波算法

提出了一种使用编码器−时序建模结构的时延估计方法来估计声学回声抵消中传声器信号相对远端信号的时延。该方法以短时傅里叶变换域的远端信号和传声器信号作为输入特征, 通过复数卷积神经网络构成的编码器提取带有相位信息的高维特征, 利用循环神经网络学习两输入信号之间的时延关系, 构建了从信号到时延的映射。仿真实验结果表明, 相比WebRTC-DE和GCC-PHAT, 所提方法的优势有: (1)模型的参数量和计算量不受时延长度影响; (2)有效缩短了时延估计的收敛时间和跟踪时间; (3)在长混响和双端对讲的情况下具有更小、更稳定的估计误差和标准差。将使用编码器−时序建模结构的时延估计方法与自适应回声抵消级联的实验验证了新方法的有效性。

     

Development of neutron resonance spin flipper for high resolution spin echo spectrometer

A new type of neutron resonance spin flipper (RSF) with high frequency oscillating magnetic field has been developed for Modulated IntEnsity by Zero Effort (MIEZE) spectrometer at cold neutron beam line MINE1 at JRR-3M reactor in JAEA. Dipole magnets enable us to provide the strong static fields for the RSFs. MIEZE signals have been demonstrated with the effective frequency of 600 kHz by using the new RSFs. The contrast of the signals was 0.58. The MIEZE spectrometer is under final process to practical use. The spectrometers can also be applied to the pulsed neutrons like J-PARC.