苯甲醇对CTAB/KBr胶束体系流变性及CTAB分子1HNMR谱影响的研究

报道了苯甲醇对CTAB/KBr胶束体系粘度的影响,利用1HNMR法研究了苯甲醇在CTAB胶束中的增溶位置.结果表明,在KBr盐溶液中,随着苯甲醇的加入,0.01mol/LCTAB胶束体系的粘度增大至最大值.对CTAB分子的1HNMR分析表明,少量的苯甲醇增溶在棒状胶束的界面,促使胶束体积增大和相互缠结,体系的粘度随之增大;当苯甲醇浓度较高时,将增溶在胶束的栅栏层靠近极性头一侧,胶束发生棒-球转变和解缠,体系的粘度降低.     

无探针紫外光谱法测定CTAB的第二临界胶束浓度

应用无探针的紫外吸收分光光谱法(UV)测定了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)溶液的第一、第二临界胶束浓度(CMC), 并用¹H NMR谱和动态光散射的实验方法检测到了两个浓度时溶液中聚集体的转变, 从而验证了无探针紫外光谱法测定CTAB溶液第二临界胶束浓度的可行性. 此外, 我们还利用紫外光谱法研究了CTAB/KBr体系, 证实KBr可诱导CTAB形成蠕虫状胶束.     

一种新的敏化/猝灭室温磷光: CTAB胶束中α-溴代萘敏化联乙酰的室温磷光猝灭

本文首次报道了将敏化和猝灭同时偶合在同一体系中的敏化/猝灭室温磷光新方法。体系中, CTAB胶束一方面增强α-溴代萘的室温磷光发射、α-溴代萘和联乙酰的三重态-三重态能量转移效率, 另一方面起到猝灭α-溴代萘敏化联乙酰发射的室温磷光的作用。CTAB对联乙酰的猝灭反应由三重态-三重态能量转移速率限制,求得α-溴代萘敏化联乙酰的三重态-三重态能量转移速率常数为1.76×10^9(mol.dm^-^3)^-^1s^-^1, CTAB对联乙酰的猝灭常数为7.82×10^7(mol.dm^-^3)^-^1s^-^1。详细研究了实验条件, 实现了猝灭法测定联乙酰,检测限达2.8×10^-^8mol.dm^-^3。     

一种新的敏化/猝灭室温磷光: CTAB胶束中α-溴代萘敏化联乙酰的室温磷光猝灭

本文首次报道了将敏化和猝灭同时偶合在同一体系中的敏化/猝灭室温磷光新方法。体系中, CTAB胶束一方面增强α-溴代萘的室温磷光发射、α-溴代萘和联乙酰的三重态-三重态能量转移效率, 另一方面起到猝灭α-溴代萘敏化联乙酰发射的室温磷光的作用。CTAB对联乙酰的猝灭反应由三重态-三重态能量转移速率限制,求得α-溴代萘敏化联乙酰的三重态-三重态能量转移速率常数为1.76×10^9(mol.dm^-^3)^-^1s^-^1, CTAB对联乙酰的猝灭常数为7.82×10^7(mol.dm^-^3)^-^1s^-^1。详细研究了实验条件, 实现了猝灭法测定联乙酰,检测限达2.8×10^-^8mol.dm^-^3。     

助表面活性剂对介孔二氧化硅孔径的影响

在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与硝酸形成的胶束体系中,分别加入正戊醇与正辛胺作助表面活性剂,合成出介孔二氧化硅.经小角XRD和N₂气体吸附与脱附实验证实,随着CTAB与正戊醇摩尔比的增加,介孔二氧化硅的孔径增加;而随CTAB与正辛胺摩尔比的增加,介孔二氧化硅的孔径减小.主要原因是正戊醇增大了CTAB胶束体积,从而导致介孔二氧化硅的孔径增加.而在CTAB与正辛胺的混合胶束中,正辛胺同硅酸盐作用力比CTAB强,导致介孔二氧化硅的孔径减小.     

AOT反相胶束介质中敏化稀土离子荧光: 嘌呤类化合物为能量给体

研究了反相胶束体系中敏化Tb^3^+的离子荧光。在AOT/C6H12H2O反相胶束溶液中[AOT: 琥珀酸二(2-乙基己基)酯磺酸钠]发生了非常有效的从茶碱的三重态到Tb^3^+的4f能层的能量转移, 并敏化稀土离子Tb^3^+产生离子荧光。而在阳离子表面活性剂CTAB形成的反相胶束体系中, 只能观察到较弱的Tb^3^+的离子荧光。表明在AOT反相胶束中Tb^3^+是键合在磺酸头基上, 有利于能量转移过程, 显著增强Tb^3^+的离子荧光。通过发光光谱和寿命测量, 详细讨论了AOT浓度和水泡大小(W值)等对敏化离子荧光的影响, 表明与Tb^3^+离子水合的水分子的高频OH振动猝灭Tb^3^+的离子发光, 该猝灭过程属静态猝灭。在较低的AOT浓度和较小的W值下, 可观察到较强的Tb^3^+离子荧光, 并建立了AOT反相胶束中五种嘌呤类化合物的分析方法, 检出限在8.0×10^-^9～8.0×10^-^7mol.dm^-^3之间。     

对微环境敏感的系列双亲卟啉的光谱研究

研究了系列双亲卟啉(四苯酚基卟啉P₀及其烷氧基衍生物P₁,P₂,P₃)在不同微环境下的电子吸收光谱和荧光发射及荧光激发光谱.研究发现,卟啉在THF溶液中以单体形式存在,并且其侧链取代基对卟啉电子态的影响很小;然而卟啉在CTAB胶束溶液中的光谱特性却表现出很大差异,由此分析了不同侧链取代基对卟啉分子聚集行为和定位性质的影响,初步解释了卟啉在CTAB胶束溶液中随体系pH值改变而发生的荧光猝灭现象.     

锑对在硫酸溶液中形成的阳极Pb(Ⅱ)氧化物膜的半导体性质的影响Ⅲ. 交流阻抗法研究阳极Sb~2O~3膜

应用交流阻抗方法研究锑在0.005mol.dm^-^3SO~4+0.5mol.dm^-^3Na~2So~4溶液(30℃)中以0.9V(vs.Hg/Hg~2SO~4/0.005mol.dm^3SO~4)生长3h的阳极Sb~2O~3膜的半导体性质.从Mott-schottky曲线可知.此膜 为n型半导体.平带电位为-0.34v(vs.Hg/Hg~2SO~4/0.005mol.dm^-^3SO~4).施主密度为4.0×19^1^9cm^-^3.讨论了锑增加铅锑合金极PbⅡ氧化物膜施主密度的原因.     

SDS和TOPO对HEHEHP萃取Fe(Ⅲ)动力学的影响

搬运98±1K下用高速搅拌池法考察了2-乙基已基膦酸单2-乙基已基酯(HEHEHP)-正辛烷溶液从0.100mol.dm^-^3硝酸盐水相中萃取Fe(Ⅲ)的动力学. 为了分析萃取动力学机理,确定速度控制步骤在萃取体系中的准确部位,测定了HEHEHP. 三辛基氧化膦(TOPO)和十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)在正辛烷-0.100mol.dm^-^3硝酸盐体系界面上的吸附特性,结果表明,体系中TOPO的存在使HEHEHP萃取Fe(Ⅲ)速率的影响, 首次作了定量处理.证实了HEHEHP萃取Fe(Ⅲ)动力学过程的界面特征.     

木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷在几种分子聚集体系中的增溶行为研究

木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷是活性较高的一种天然黄酮化合物, 由于其本身的低水溶性使其应用受到限制. 制备了三种微乳体系, 用HPLC法研究了木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷在这三种微乳体系及CTAB和吐温80胶束中的溶解能力; 并用紫外光谱法和核磁共振波谱法分析了木犀草素糖苷与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和吐温80的作用机制. 研究表明: 五种分子聚集体系对木犀草素糖苷有明显的增溶效果; 木犀草素糖苷可能与CTAB、吐温80形成了缔合物, 缔合平衡常数分别为2326 L/mol和362 L/mol, 其增溶位点分别是CTAB胶束的亲水外层和吐温80胶束的栅栏层.     

THE EFFECT OF BENZYL ALCOHOL ON THE MICELLAR PROPERTIES OF CTAB IN KBr SOLUTION

ABSTRACT

The effect of benzyl alcohol on the micellar size and shape of CTAB in KBr solution has been investigated by means of viscosity, LLS (laser light scattering), and NMR measurements. The surfactant CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) and KBr content are kept constant at 0.01 mol.L^?1 and O.l^?1 mol.. The data from the various techniques are quantitatively in agreement. The viscosity of 0.01 mol.L^?1 CTAB/ 0.01mol.L^?1 KBr micellar system has a marked maximum at benzyl alcohol content 0.6%(v/v), where the size of rod micelles are largest. The results from 'H-NMR spectra of CTAB molecules show that before the maximum viscosity, benzyl alcohol is located in the interfacial region of CTAB micelles in the presence of KBr salt. If more benzyl alcohol is added, it starts solubilizing in the palisades of the micelles.     

Inclusion Complex of β-cyclodextrin with CTAB in Aqueous Solution

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)/potassium bromide (KBr) micellar system has been used as a viscosity probe to study the inclusion complexation between β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and CTAB. Viscosity measurements show that the inclusion complexation between β-CD and CTAB may cause the breakdown of CTAB/KBr wormlike micelles, resulting in the decrease of the solution viscosity. The viscosity minimum at C_β-CD/C_CTAB=2 indicate the molecular ratio of host molecule to guest molecule is 2:1 in the β-CD/CTAB inclusion complex.     

单分子聚苯胺膜电极上抗坏血酸的线性扫描催化氧化波研究

在苯胺浓度为1.0mol.dm^-^3的盐酸溶液中用电化学聚合法制得单分子聚苯胺膜电极。在该修饰电极上, 抗坏血酸在0.01mol.dm^-^3盐酸底液中有一线性扫描催化氧化波, 其峰电位为+0.270V(vs.SCE), 峰电流与抗坏血酸浓度在10^-^2～10^-^5mol.dm^-^3范围内呈线性关系。文中详细地探讨了该波的性质, 证实它是一个不可逆波, 并且测定了αAn, ks, DR值。     

两相催化体系中双子表面活性剂对1-十二烯氢甲酰化反应的助催化作用

合成了几种具有刚性连接基团的双子表面活性剂,研究了它们在Rh-TPPTS体系中催化长链烯烃氢甲酰化反应中的助催化作用.结果表明,在水/有机两相催化体系中,新型双子表面活性剂的助催化作用比单链表面活性剂CTAB更好,在较低的表面活性剂浓度下能得到较高的反应转化率.这归因于此类表面活性剂有较低的cmc,降低界面张力的能力和对1-十二烯的增溶能力比CTAB更强.     

Dynamic light scattering study of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide aqueous solutions

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) aqueous solutions are studied by dynamic light scattering method in a wide concentration range covering the first and second critical micelle concentrations (CMC₁ and CMC₂, respectively). Nonmonotonic and ambiguous behavior of diffusion coefficients D with an increase in concentrations above CMC1 is revealed. An increase in the D values in the first decade of CTAB concentration above CMC1 agrees with known published data for aqueous solutions of ionic surfactants. It is shown that an increase in the ionic strength of solution with the addition of KBr leads to a decrease in the positive slope of the dependence of diffusion coefficients on CTAB concentration up to zero at 0.05 M KBr. Two relaxation processes corresponding to large and small D values are simultaneously observed in micellar solutions, beginning with 0.03 M CTAB concentration. The data obtained are compared with published data, as well as with the results of viscosity measurements. The performed analysis indicates that the observed relaxation processes are explained by the coexistence of spherical and nonspherical micelles. It is established that micelles acquire a cylindrical shape at CTAB concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 0.25 M. Hydrodynamic radii and lengths of micelles are calculated.     

An Experimental Study on the Relationship between the Physical Properties of CTAB/Hexanol/Water Reverse Micelles and ZrO2-Y2O3 Nanoparticles Prepared

Based on the studies of their physical properties such as aqueous solution uptake, electric conductivity, and microstructure, CTAB/hexanol/water reverse micelles (CTAB, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide) were used to prepare ZrO2-Y2O3 nanoparticles. The relationship between the micelle microstructure and size, morphology, and aggregate properties of particles prepared was also investigated. It has been found that with high CTAB concentration ([CTAB] > 0.8 mol/l), the reverse micelles can solubilize a sufficient amount of aqueous solution with high metallic ion concentration ( approximately 1.0 mol/L), while the microstructure of the reverse micelles keeps unchanged. The most important factor affecting the size and shape of reverse micelles was found to be the water content w0 (w0, molar ratio of water to surfactant used). When both the CTAB concentration and the w0 values are low, the diameters of reverse micelles are below 20 nm, and the ZrO2-Y2O3 particles prepared are also very small. However, the powders obtained were found to form a lot of aggregates after drying and calcination. High CTAB concentration, high w0 value, and high metallic ion concentration in the aqueous phase for high powder productivity were found to be the suitable compositions of reverse micelles for preparing high-quality ZrO2-Y2O3 nanoparticles. Under these conditions, the reverse micelles are still spherical in shape even the reverse micellar system is nearly saturated with aqueous solutions. These reverse micelles were found to have a diameter of between 60 and 150 nm and the ZrO2-Y2O3 particles prepared therefrom range from 30 to 70 nm with spherical shape and not easy to form aggregates. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.     

疏水改性智能水凝胶P(NIPA-co-DiAB)的合成及其温敏行为

以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPA)和N,N-双烯丙基苄胺(DiAB)为共聚单体、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(BIS)为交联剂、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为表面活性剂、过硫酸铵(APS)-四甲基乙二胺(TMEDA)为氧化还原引发体系,采用自由胶束交联共聚法合成了疏水基团为芳香基的疏水改性温敏性智能水凝胶P(NIPA-co-DiAB)。研究了DiAB摩尔分数(x(DiAB))对水凝胶溶胀性能的影响。 在初始溶胀阶段,随着x(DiAB)由0增大至3%,P(NIPA-co-DiAB)水凝胶的溶胀行为由Fickian扩散转变为non-Fickian扩散。x(DiAB)分别为0、1%、2%和3%时,P(NIPA-co-DiAB)水凝胶的平衡溶胀率SR0在蒸馏水中分别为63.6、93.5、141.6和167.4,在0.01 mol/L SDS溶液中分别为63.1、71.0、59.0和77.5,在CTAB溶液中分别为37.6、42.2、44.1和60.0,在Triton X-100溶液中分别为30.9、49.4、68.5和88.3。 结果表明,P(NIPA-co-DiAB)水凝胶的(SR0)大于PNIPA水凝胶,且在蒸馏中比在0.01 mol/L表面活性剂溶液中要大。 加入0.01 mol/L Triton X-100、CTAB或SDS后,PNIPA水凝胶的体积相变温度或较低临界溶解温度(LCST)由32.5 ℃分别增加至35.4、45.6和80 ℃。P(NIPA-co-DiAB)水凝胶的LCST由32.0～32.5 ℃分别增加至34.7～35.6 ℃、45.8~46.2 ℃和80 ℃。 加入表面活性剂能增加P(NIPA-co-DiAB)水凝胶的体积相变温度,高的体积相变温度与DiAB含量无关。     

分数级反应热动力学研究—丙烯酰胺聚合反应动力学

应用n级等摩尔浓度反应的热动力学理论,在30℃和40℃下研究了丙烯酰胺在水溶液中和CTAB胶束溶液中由亚硫酸钠引发的聚合反应动力学.讨论了引发剂和CTAB的浓度对聚丙烯酰胺分子量的影响。