Antiferroelectric liquid crystals derived from a new optically active (R)-3-ethylmercapto-2-methylpropionic acid

A new optically active (R)-3-ethylmercapto-2-methylpropionic acid has been synthesized using D(-)—2,10-camphorsultam as a chiral auxiliary. The optical purity of the acid obtained was greater than 98 per cent. Its derivatives, (R)-4-(3-ethylmercapto-2-methylpropionyl)phenyl 4'-alkoxybiphenyl-4-carboxylates (EMMPPmBC; m = 7-16), have been prepared for the investigation of liquid crystalline properties as a function of peripheral alkyl chain length. Optical studies showed that all members exhibited an antiferroelectric S*c_A phase. The results also indicate that a lengthened alkyl chain length is favoured for S_cA* phase formation.     

Dynamic behaviour and X-ray analysis of chiral η-allylpalladium complexes. II

The DANTE technique and NOESY two-dimensional method have been employed to observe the isomerization of the chiral cationic complex [Pd(η³-CH₂CMeCH₂(P-P′)]⁺ (1a), where P-P′ = the chiral chelating ligand (S)(N-diphenylphosphino)(2-diphenylphosphinoxymethyl)pyrrolidine. The rate constant was found to be 0.5 s⁻¹ in CHCl₃ at 295 K and 1.50 s⁻¹ in the presence of added free ligand. In the latter case the epimerization proceeds by a π-σ-π mechanism via the intermediacy of a primary η¹-allylpalladium complex. Although the intermediate was not detected, the NMR findings reveal that it has the allylic terminus η¹-bonded to palladium. The structure of 1a in its PF₆⁻ salt has been determined. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁2₁2₁ with a 10.029(4) b 19.203(8) c 36.115(6) Å, Z = 8, R = 0.0572 and R_w = 0.0712 for 3716 observed reflections with I > 3σ(I).     

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of chiral liquid crystals derived from (S)-2-(6-hydroxy-2-naphthyl)propionic acid with a methyleneoxy linking group

Three homologous series of chiral materials derived from (S)-2-(6-hydroxy-2-naphthly)propionic acid with a methyleneoxy linking group were synthesized for the investigation of mesomorphic properties. All the materials displayed enantiotropic SmA* and SmC* phases. The spontaneous polarization (P _s) and optical tilt angles in the SmC* phase of the chiral materials were measured. The maximum spontaneous polarizations are in the range 12.3-19.1 nC cm^-2. No significant difference could be found in the P _s values with respect to the various alkyl chiral chain lengths, n. The maximum optical tilt angles are in the range 25-30°. The optical tilt angles decrease with the increase in alkyl chain length, n.     

Étude structurale et vibrationnelle de solides moléculaires paramètres cristallins''et spectre d''absorption infrarouge en lumiére polarisée de

X-ray studies indicate that indanone-1 crystals belong to a monoclinic system, space group P2₁/c (C⁵_2h), with the following parameters: a = 7.90±0.01 Å; b = 12.38±0.01 Å; c = 7.39±0.01 Å; β = 99°±30' and Z = 4. A vibrational assignment of fundamental bands observed in the polarized infrared spectrum between 4000 cm⁻¹ and 250 cm⁻¹ is proposed. The band fine structure analysis at 77 °K shows a doublet structure, which agrees with X-ray data.     

Syntheses and absolute configurations of the cytokinins 1′-methylzeatin and its 9-riboside

On the basis of the chiral syntheses of (1′R)-I and (1′S)-I and of their 9-ribosides (1″R)-III and (1″S)-III from D- and L-alanines, the structures of the cytokinins 1′-methylzeatin and its 9-riboside have been established to be (1′R)-I and (1″R)-III.     

(S)-(+)-1-Methyl-2-(6,7,-dimethoxy-2,3-naphthalimido)ethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate as a fluorescence chiral derivatizing reagent for carboxylic acid enantiomers in high-performance liquid chromatography

A new triflate-type fluorescence chiral derivatizing reagent, (S)-(+)-1-methyl-2-(6,7-dimethoxy-2,3-naphthalimido)ethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, [S-(+)-MDNE-OTf], has been developed for the determination of the enantiomers of carboxylic acids. By introducing the two methoxy groups on the naphthalimido ring moiety, the red shift in the fluorescence spectrum and a high resolution in reversed-mode separation of the diastereomers of chiral carboxylic acids have been achieved. The detection limits (S/N=3) with ultraviolet and fluorescence detection are 8 fmol (λ_max=283 nm) and 4 fmol (λ_ex=283 nm, λ_em=467 nm), respectively.     

K3(Nb3Ti2)O11F4: un nouvel oxyfluorure de type ‘bronzes oxygénés de tungstène quadratiques’

A new oxyfluoride K₃(Nb₃Ti₂)O₁₁F₄ with a tetragonal tungsten bronze type structure has been prepared and characterized in the KNbO₃---TiOF₂ system. The room temperature space group (P4/mbm) has been determined on a single crystal. The unit cell parameters are a = 12.453 Å and c = 3.972 Å.

Résumé

L'étude du système KNbO₃---TiOF₂ a permis de mettre en évidence et de caractériser un nouvel oxyfluorure de type ‘bronzes quadratiques de tungstène’: K₃(Nb₃Ti₂)O₁₁F₄. Le groupe spatial à température ambiante (P4/mbm) a été déterminé sur monocristal. Les paramètres de la maille élémentaire sont a = 12,453 Å et c = 3,972 Å.     

磺丁基醚-β-环糊精修饰毛细管电色谱拆分地平类药物对映体

采用甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯原位聚合物基质, 将磺丁基醚-β-环糊精修饰到毛细管内壁, 制得了一种毛细管电色谱手性柱(SECDP), 并通过红外光谱(IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了其结构. 磺酸基可提供足够稳定的正向电渗流(EOF), 基于磺丁基醚-β-环糊精在固定相和流动相中的协同作用, 通过优化手性添加剂浓度、 pH值、 施加电压、 温度及有机调节剂含量等条件, 利用该开管电色谱柱拆分了氨氯地平、 尼莫地平和尼卡地平等10种地平类手性药物对映体. 优化的流动相组成为20 mmol/L NaH₂PO₄(pH=4.0), 含4.0 mmol/L 磺丁基醚-β-环糊精, 乙腈的体积分数为10%~25%, 施加电压15~25 kV, 温度为15 ℃, 电动进样2 kV×5 s, 检测波长为236 nm. 在上述条件下, 分离度(R_S)可达3.62, 柱效达61011块/m, 分析时间一般为6~15 min. 基于色谱分离数据, 探讨了相关的手性分离机理.     

Hydrogen bond-induced ferroelectric liquid crystals

Hydrogen-bonded dimers of 4-alkoxy-4'-stilbazole homologues (C_nOSB, proton acceptors) and the mono-(2-methylbutyl)ester of terephthalic acid (MBTA, proton donor) behaved like conventional thermotropic mesogens. For chiral MBTA mixtures, chiral nematic and blue phases were observed with n = 1 and 2, and chiral smectic C phases were observed with n ≥ 5. Achiral phases were observed for mixtures with racemic MBTA as proton donor. Transition temperatures and enthalpies are similar for the chiral and achiral systems.     

Synthesis and Diels-Alder reactions of homochiral 2-sulfinylmaleates with cyclopentadiene

Enantiomerically pure 2-p-tolylsulfinylmaleates 1, 2 and 3 have been readily prepared by Knoevenagel reaction between (S)-menthyl p-toluenesulfinate and glyoxylic acid. Their asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions with cyclopentadiene have been studied under a wide range of uncatalyzed and catalyzed conditions and the stereochemical results have been explained by assuming a steric control approach, in term of S-cis or S-trans favoured conformations. Uncatalyzed Diels-Alder reactions of 1 and some Lewis acid catalyzed Diels-Alder reactions of 2 show high facial and endo selectivities. The facial selectivity of dienophile 2 highly depends on the Lewis acid, whereas reactivity of 1 and 3 is very sensitive to the solvent. These sulfinylmaleates 1, 2 and 3 act as synthetic equivalents of chiral acetylenedicarboxylates in Diels-Alder reactions after basic elimination of the sulfinylic moiety in the resulting adducts.     

Stereochemical studies of optically active 2-hydroxy-5-alkyl-δ-valerolactone derivatives as chiral dopant for ferroelectric liquid crystals

Both (2S, 5R)- and (2R, 5R)-2-hydroxy-5-alkyl-δ-valerolactone derivatives, cis and trans, respectively, show almost the same magnitude of spontaneous polarization (P_s) when added to a non-chiral smectic C mixture. The stereochemistry of these chiral dopants was studied using ¹H NMR. Trans derivatives seem to have a half-chair conformation with the 2, 5-diequatorial substituents and the cis derivatives have rather a flat conformation in solution. However in the liquid-crystalline phase, the cis and trans derivatives appear to change their conformation or the distribution of their conformations as the alkyl chain length is varied. The difference in the effect as a chiral dopant depends upon lateral interactions between chiral molecules through the solvent liquid crystal phase.     

Metal complexes of biologically important ligands: Synthesis of amino acidato complexes of Pd containing a C,N-cyclometallated group as an ancillary ligand

New amino acidato complexes of Pd^II of stoichiometry [Pd(C---N)(Aa)] (C---N=C,N-cyclometallated ligand, Aa = N,O-amino acidato ligand) have been obtained by reaction of [Pd(C---N)(acac)] (C---N=N,N-dimethylbenzylamine-C²,N (dmba) (1) or N,N-dimethyl(S--phenylethyl)amine-C²,N (S-dmphea) (2)) with glycine, chiral amino acids (alanine, phenylalanine and valine), and amino acid derivatives (N-acetylglycine and N-acetyl-,β-dehydroalanine) in MeOH. The compounds are characterized by IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR. The geometry of these complexes has been unambiguously determined by NOE difference experiments and NOESY measurements.     

Ferroelectric liquid crystal materials synthesized from 2(S)-[2(S)-methylbutyloxy]propanol

A new chiral alcohol, 2(S)-[2(S)-methylbutyloxy]propanol (3), containing two chiral centres has been synthesized from ethyl lactate and (S)-1-iodo-2-methylbutane. It was used as a chiral building block for the preparation of ferroelectric liquid crystal materials. Several of the new materials exhibit an enantiotropic S*_c phase with a wide temperature range. The results indicate that the molecular structure of 3 is useful for synthesizing ferroelectric liquid crystal materials.     

The synthesis of 1-amino-2-hydroxy- and 2-amino-1-hydroxy-substituted ethylene-1,1-bisphosphonic acids and their N-methylated derivatives

A synthesis of 2-amino-1-hydroxyethylene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid 3 has been developed from N-phthaloylglycine via dimethyl 2-(N-phthaloylamino)acetylphosphonate 1. The preparation of the N-methylated and N,N-dimethylated derivatives 4 and 5 has been achieved by the reaction of 3 with formic acid and formaldehyde. The synthesis of 1-amino-2-hydroxyethylene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid 9 (R=R′=H) and its N-methylated and N,N-dimethylated analogues has been achieved by the reaction of phosphorus trichloride and phosphorous acid with the appropriate O-benzyl protected hydroxyacetamide, followed by catalytic hydrogenolysis of the protecting group.     

Synthesis of a novel copper(II) complex and its crystal structure

One novel chiral copper(II) complex was successfully synthesized from the reaction of chiral 1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione ligand with CuCl₂ in dichloromethane in the presence of Et₃N and DMAP at room temperature. Its unique crystal structure was unambiguously disclosed by X-ray analysis. The crystal is tetragonal, space group I4(1), space group a=15.0875(11), b=15.0875(11), c=19.362(3) Å, =90, β=90, γ=90°, V=4407.4(8) ų, Z=8, ρ_calc=1.639 mg cm⁻³.     

Chiral liquid crystal polymers. VIII Thermotropic poly(ester-β-sulphide)s based on variously spaced twin p-oxybenzoate diads

The synthesis and characterization both in solution (chiroptical properties) and in bulk (thermotropic properties) of a new series of structurally defined chiral liquid-crystalline poly(ester-β-sulphide)s are described. The functional polyesters are constituted by repeating units consisting of two p-oxybenzoate diads interconnected by a linear segment of m methylene groups (m = 6-10, 12), and strictly sequenced by the chiral (R)-3-methyl-1,6-hexanedithiyl spacer. The thermotropic behaviour deviates from the regular profiles generally established in homologous series of mesomorphic polymers and results in peculiar alternations of the liquid-crystalline properties, enantiotropism being exhibited by only a few, mainly odd-numbered, homologues of the series.     

Novel Method for the Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Lactams

A novel method for the enantioselective synthesis of β-lactams is described in this study. 2,3-Dihydrobenzooxazin-4-one derived from salicylamide and L-menthone was used as the chiral auxiliary, which reacted with a-bromo-acyl bromides in the presence of pyridine to give carboximides 2. The stereo-controlled Reformatsky-type reactions of carboximides with imines yielded the corresponding trans β-lactams with high enantioselectivities（e.e. 75%-86%） and high chemical yields（63%-85%）, meanwhile, the chiral auxiliary dihydrobenzooxazin-4-one was released and recovered.     

Complexation of trivalent lanthanide cations by inositol in solid state. The crystal structure and Raman spectra study of NdCl3·inositol·9H2O

The crystal structure of NdCl₃·C₆H₁₂O₆·9H₂O has been determined. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, p2(1)/n space group with cell dimensions: a=15.824(3) Å, b=8.633(2) Å, c=16.219(3) Å, β=107.24°, V=2116.1(7) ų and Z=4. Each Nd ion is coordinated to nine oxygen atoms, two from inositol and seven from water molecules, with an Nd–O distance of 2.449–2.683 Å, the other two water molecules are hydrogen bonded. No direct contacts exist between Nd and Cl. There is an extensive network of hydrogen bonds in hydroxyl groups, water molecules and chloride ions in the crystal structure of the lanthanide complex. The Raman spectra of Pr–, Nd– and Sm–inositol are similar, which show that the three metal ions have the same coordination mode. The Raman spectra are consistent with their structures.     

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of chiral liquid crystals derived from (S)-lactic acid with 3-pentanol

The chiral swallow-tailed liquid crystals, 1-ethylpropyl (R)-2-[4-(4'-alkoxybiphenylcarbonyloxy)-phenoxy]propionates, EPmPBPP (m = 8-12), were prepared by using chiral (S)-lactic acid with 3-pentanol as starting materials. Mesophases and their corresponding transition temperatures were determined by polarizing microscopic textures and DSC. The results showed that all the chiral materials exhibited enantiotropic BP, N*, TGBA*, SmA*, and SmC* phases. Spontaneous polarization, dielectric constant and electro-optical response for the materials in the ferroelectric SmC* phase were investigated. It was noted that the electro-optical response of transmittance versus applied voltage obtained from the ferroelectric phase of material EPmPBPP (m = 10) displayed V-shaped switching, while that of other materials displayed the typical characteristics of ferroelectric hysteresis switching or U-shaped switching.     

Crystal Structure, Nano-particle Morphology and Interaction with ATP of [ NH3 CH2 CH（ NH2 ） CH3 ]2 [ M（ Ⅵ ） O2 （ OC6 H4 O）2 ] （M = Mo0. 6 W0. 4 ） and Its Activity to Promote DNA Cleavage

The title complex [NH_3CH_2CH(NH_2)CH_3]_2 [M(Ⅵ)O_2(OC_6H_4O)_2](M= Mo_(0.6)W_(0.4))was synthesized via a simple solution-phase chemical route.The determination of single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that the title compound is crystallized in a monoclinic system with P2(1)/n space group,a=1.0913(10)nm,b=1.0442(10)nm,c=1.8842(19)nm,α=90°,β=96.530(17)°,γ=90°,Z=4,and V=2.133(4)nm3.The mononuclear anionic unit [M(Ⅵ)O2(OC6H4O)2]2-displays chiral pseudo-octahedral [MO_6] coordination geometry and is linked by chiral cations via hydrogen bond and π…π stacking interaction.The transmission electron microscopy images show that the title complex is comprised of nano-particles with diameters ranging from 20 to 50 nm.The NMR study shows the 1H downfield chemical shifts of [NH_3CHaHbCH(NH_2)CH_3] cations in the title complex when it is mixed with adenosine-triphosphate(ATP),and the chemical shift difference between Ha and Hb is increased greatly,and most of the catecholate ligands dissociate from the central metal atoms.The DNA cleavage activity experiment reveals that DNA cleavage promoted by the title complex is lower than that by Na_2MoO_4 which possesses antitumor pro-perty,but higher than that by Na_2WO_4.