β-Cyclodextrin promoted oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids in water

A facile,efficient and substrate-selective oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids with NaClO catalyzed byβ-cyclodextrin in water has been developed.A series of aldehydes which could form inclusion complex withβ-cyclodextrin(β-CD)were oxidized selectively with excellent yields.     

The structural analysis of the inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin with m-nitrophenoxyacetic acid

The inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin with m-nitrophenoxyacetic acid was studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction,2D NMR spectroscopy and semi-empirical methods AMI.The crystallographic study shows that two β-cyclodextrins are held together by hydrogen bonds to form head-to-head dimers.The disordered guest molecule adjusts itself to attain the most stable accommodation into the cavity in which the nitro group is located at the dimer interface while the carboxyl group is buried in the primary hydroxyl groups of β-cyclodextrin.The guest inside the cavity is disordered over two sites and exhibits mobility.Moreover,2D NMR spectroscopy and theoretical study show the same inclusion behavior.In comparison to the inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin with p-nitrophenoxyacetic acid,the host-guest stoichiometries are different,i.e.,2:1 for m-nitrophenoxyacetic acid and 1:1 for p-nitrophenoxyacetic acid,while the inclusion orientation and the packing pattern of the host are similar in both complexes.     

A Spectrophotometric Study on the Host-Guest Complexation of β-Cyclodextrin with 3-Indolyl Acetate in Dilute Aqueous Solution by Determining Solubility of Guest Substance

Interestincyclodextrinshasincreasedsteadily,becausetheirinclusioncompoundshaveprovedmoreandmoreusefulinbothresearcllandindustry'.Furthermore,theyareofgreatilllportanceforsupramolecularchemistry,sincetheyaremembersofahomologousseriesofW'ater-solubleandchiralhostmoleculeswhichcanbeusedasmodelsforstudyingweakinteractionsl-'.Ontheotherhand.indolylgroupexistsinsomeimportantbiogentcsubstancessuchastryptophan.Soinvestigationontheinteractionsbetweenindolylderivativesandsuchbiologicmodelsubstancesascyc…     

Synthesis of β-Cyclodextrin Bonded Metal Porphyrins

InrecentyearsstUdyondevelopingnovelmimicenZymemodelsthathavebothoNOO-decomPositionandO,'(or.OH)dismutaseabilityisaveryactiveresearchfield1'2.Thesemodelsshowverytwrtanteffectinprovidingprotectionfromtissuedamageassociatedwithvariousmpesofinfiammatorydiseases.MetallopoIPhyrinsassuPeroxidedismutase(SOD)mimicshaveshowedtheabilitytocatalysttheseharmfulradicals.Groveandco-workersrePorted[Mn(III)TMPyP]and[Fe(III)TMPyP]whichhaveshowedveryefficientbehaviorasperoxynitritereductaseandcandep…     

Study on the Structure of Supramolecular Inclusion Complex of β-Cyclodextrin with Retinoic Acid

The importance of Vitamin A for human health has been stressed in resent studies1, meanwhile its derivative so-called retinoic acid (RA) has been widely used as pharmaceutical to treat several types of skin disease and cancer2,3. However the application of retinoic acid is restrained for its poor water solubility, unstability and side effect on the human body.Cyclodextrins (CDs) are macrocyclic oligosaccharides built up from 6, 7, or 8 glucopyranose units called (, (, and (-CD, respectively…     

Selective Modification of β-Cyclodextrin on the Secondary Side 4:Preparation of Arylated β-Cyclodextrins with a Flexible Chain

Cyclodextrins(CDs,includinga-,o-,a-CD,etc.)havegainedprominenceinrecentyearsbecauseoftheirtorus-shapedcavity,whichishydrophilicoutsideandhydrophobicinside,caPableofprovidingidealprototypestoconstructefficientartificialenzymes,molecuIarrecognitionsensorsandotherfunctionalmodels.l-3Forbuildingmoreefficientartificialenzymesandmolecularrecognitionsensors,wehavepreparedaseriesof6-CDderivativesbearingchromophores'-'andfoundthat3"-'anarylmoietycouldactasaspectrometryprobeaswellasafunctionalgroup.F…     

Fluorimetric Determination of p -Hydroxybenzoic Acid in Beer as α -Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex

Abstract

The inclusion complex of p-hydroxyenzoic acid and α- and β-cyclodextrin has been studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. To describe quantitatively complex formation between α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, an association constant of 967 ± 14 M^?1 at 21°C was obtained. The inclusion complex has been used to determine p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the range 0.15–1.00 mg L^?1 (RSD 4.5%, n = 8). Application of the method to determination of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in beer samples gave an endogenous content of 1.25 mg L^?1.     

A Fluorimetric Method for the Determination of Cyanide with Fluorescein and Iodine∗

Abstract

A rapid, simple and sensitive fluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of cyanide with fluorescein as fluorogenic reagent (λ_ex = 494 nm, λ_em = 514 nm) at pH 6.0–7.0. A linear calibration curve was obtained in the range 0.004–2.0 μg CN^?/25 ml. The detection limit is 0.004 μg CN^-/25 ml. The method was successfully applied to the determination of cyanide in waste water.

     

Crystal structure of β-cyclodextrin-4-chlorobenzoic acid complex:Unusual C-Cl…π interaction between 4-chlorobenzoic acids in β-cyclodextrin dimer

The inclusion complex ofβ-cyclodextrin（β-CD） with 4-chlorobenzoic acid was synthesized and its crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction under cryogenic condition.The complex contains twoβ-CDs,two 4-chlorobenzoic acids and twenty-nine water molecules in the asymmetric unit,and can be formulated as 2(C₄₂H₇₀O₃₅)·2（C₇H₅O₂Cl）·29（H₂O）.In the crystal lattice,twoβ-CDs form a face-to-face dimer jointed together through hydrogen bonding between the secondary hydroxyl groups ofβ-CDs.Two 4-chlorobenzoic acid molecules which contact by C-Cl…πinteractions are included in theβ-CD dimer cavity.Theβ-CD dimers are arranged in brickwork-like pattern along the crystallographic a-axis.The effect of guest molecule length on the inclusion geometry was discussed by comparative study of someβ-CD complexes containing similar guests.     

β-环糊精与蛋白质非共价复合物的电喷雾质谱研究

电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)已经广泛应用于非共价复合物的检测和研究。ESI是一种极软的离子化过程,它不仅能在不断裂共价键的情况下使分子离子化,而且可以在离子化过程中保持分子间弱的非共价键作用。因此ESI-MS在研究非共价键复合物方面有着独特的作用,并且ESI-MS还能提供复合物重要的化学计量学信息。环糊精(简写为CD)是一类被大家所熟知的化合物,它可以和许多客体分子在水溶液里形成包合复合物,更为重要的是环糊精是目前人工合成模拟酶研究中最好的模型之一。通过对环糊精与生物分子间形成的非共价键复合物的研究常常可以揭示出天然生物体     

A New Fluorimetric Reagent for Determination of Trace Amounts of Europium

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｒａｒｅ ｅａｒｔｈｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓａｒｅｖｅｒｙｓｉｍｉｌａｒ ,ｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙ ,ｉｔｉｓｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｔｏｄｅｔｅｃｔａｎｉｎ ｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｉｒｍｉｘｔｕｒｅｓｏｗｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｏｆｏｔｈｅｒｒａｒｅ ｅａｒｔｈｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓ .Ｄｕｅｔｏａｈｉｇｈｅｒｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｉｔｙａｎｄｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ ,ｆｌｕｏｒｉｍｅｔｒｉｃｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｏｆｒａｒｅ ｅａｒｔｈｅｌ…     

Effect of noncovalent complexations on coordination interactions in a tricomponent system ofβ-cyclodextrin,copper chloride and hexamethylene tetramine

This study reveals that the noncovalent complexation betweenβ-CD and Cu（HMTA）²⁺ makes a positive contribution to the coordination interaction between Cu²⁺ and HMTA in a tricomponent system.Besides,mono- and binuclear complexes:[β-CDCu]⁺ and[Cu·β-CDCu]⁺ were observed under the condition of ESI-MS.     

A Fluorimetric Method for the Determination of Atmospheric Sulphur Dioxide With 2′, 7′—Dichlorofluorescein∗

Abstract

A rapid, simple and sensitive fluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of atmospheric sulphur dioxide with dichlorofluorescein as fluorogenic reagent (λ_ex = 505 nm, λ_em = 520 nm) at pH 4.0–6.0. A linear calibration curve was obtained in the range 0.01–0.40 μg SO₂/25 ml. The detection limit is 0.01 μg SO₂/25 ml. Nitrogen dioxide does not interfere with the method. The method was successfully applied to the determination of atmospheric sulphur dioxide.

     

Enzymatic Fluorimetric Determination of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Urine Using Clostridium Absonum 7β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase

Abstract

A simple and rapid enzymatic fluorimetric method for the determination of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and its glycine (GUDCA) and taurine (TUDCA) conjugates in urine has been developed. Octadecylsilane-bonded silica cartridges (Sep-Pak C₁₈) are used for the solid-phase extraction of bile acids (BA) from urine samples. the method is based on the fluorimetric monitoring of NADPH formed via the reaction of 7β hydroxylated BA (7β-BA) with β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (β-NADP⁺) catalysed by 7β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7β-HSD). the 7β-HSD, which is not yet commercially available, was isolated from Clostridium absonum cultures (ATCC # 27555) and purified by affinity chromatography.

The method has a limit of detection of 2 μmol/L (initial sample concentration), within-run precision varied from 8.3% to 5.3% and between-run precision varied from 12% to 1.8% for low and high concentrations respectively. the recovery of ursodeoxycholic acid added to urine samples was about 98% (range 88–110%). the method was successfully applied for UDCA determination in urine samples from patients subjected to UDCA therapy. Randomly collected urine samples from patients and controls were used and the results were expressed as ratio of [UDCA]/[creatinine] to correct for variation in urine flow.     

Studies on The Adsorption Capacity for Bilirubin of The Adsorbent Chitosan-β-Cyclodextrin

Bilirubin is a metabolite of heme from hemoglobin in the blood. Disorders in its successive metabolism or excretion may cause the accumulation of the unconjugated bilirubin in blood of the patients who suffer from hyperbilirubinemia. The accumulation of bilirubin can cause serious tissue damage1,2. Hyperbilirubinemia may be treated by the removal of bilirubin from body. The ways for its removal include phototherapy, orally administered sorbents3 and adsorbents for hemoperfusion. Successful he…     

Carboxymethyl-β-Cyclodextrin for Chiral Separation of Basic Drugs by Capillary Elcctrophoresis

Theseparationofchiralcompoundsisofkeyimportanceindifferentareasofresearch,e,g.,pharmaceutical,biological.,environmentaletc.'Capillaryelectrophoresis(CE)isapowerfultechniqueforchiralreparation.ThegeneralmeritsofCEsuchasimpressivepeakefficiency,rapidityofanalysieismallvolumesandlowcostsarethemostimportantfactorsjcontributingtothesucclessfuldevelopmentofthistechnique"=.Currentlycyclodextrins(CDs)arethemostcommonlyusedchiralresolvingagentsinCE.Enantiomericseparationisbasedonthedifferenceinincl…     

Determination of Stability Constants for Alkanol/α-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes using the Surface Tension Method

The stability constants for the inclusion of alkanols with-cyclodextrin (-CD) in aqueous solutionhave been determined using the surface tension method. Dataanalyses assuming 1 : 1 stoichiometry were appliedto estimate the stability constants of thesecomplexes. The stability constants obtained using this methodwere in reasonable agreement with the corresponding values inthe literature. Chemically modified -CDs could not beused in this method because those CDs themselves have surfaceactivity. In addition, the relation between the stability constantsand the carbon number of alkanols is discussed.     

Development and Validation of Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Cefetamet in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods for the determination of cefetamet in either pure form or in its pharmaceutical formulations were described. The method Ⅰ is based on the interaction of 3-methylbenzo[d]- thiazolin-2-one hydrazone （MBTH） with cefetamet in the presence of freshly prepared ferric chloride in a neutral medium. The resulting blue colored product has λmax at 628 nm. The method Ⅱ describes the reduction of ferric ion by the drug to ferrous ion followed by a complex formation reaction with 1,10-phenanthroline （1,10-phen） to form an orange red colored chromogen exhibiting 2max at 510 nm. The products are stable for more than 5 and 8 h respectively. Common excipients used as additives in pharmaceutical preparations do not interfere in the proposed methods. Both methods are highly reproducible and have been applied to a wide variety of pharmaceutical preparations and the results are comparable with those of official methods.     

A Kinetic Fluorimetric Method for Determination of Microamounts of Pt(IV) with 2-2′ Dipyridylketone Hydrazone

Abstract

A kinetic method for determination of traces of Pt(IV) based on the aerobic oxidation of the hydrazone of 2-2′ dipyridylketone, in which the formation of a fluorescent product (λ_ex = 359 nm, λ_em = 435 nm) takes place, is described. The reaction is followed by the measurement of the rate of appearance of the fluorescence. The proposed method suffers very few interferences.     

X-Ray Diffraction and NMR Study of Inclusion Complex of Podophyllotoxin with β-Cyclodextrin

Podophyllotoxin(Figurel)isalignan,naturallyoccurringinrootsandrhizomesofPodophyllumemodiWall.var.ChineseSprague'.Thiscompoundisclinicallyusedtotreatseveraltypesofcancer2.However,asadrug,itisrestraintedduetoitshightoxicityandsideeffecttohumanbody.Wehavepreparedtheinclusioncomplexofpodophyllotoxinwith0-cyclodextrin(Figure2)inordertodecreasetoxicityandincreasesolubilityofpodophyllotoxin.ThestrUctureoftheinclusioncomplexofthepodophyllotoxinwith0-cyclodextrinhavebeenstudiedbythemethodsofX-raydi…