2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧自由基/Ca(ClO)2催化氧化甲基葡糖苷制备葡醛酸

采用2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧自由基/Ca(ClO)2体系选择氧化甲基葡萄糖苷(简称甲苷)合成了葡萄糖甲苷酸盐,再用硫酸酸解葡萄糖甲苷酸盐,得到葡萄糖醛酸和副产物硫酸钙。考察了氧化工艺条件对葡萄糖醛酸收率的影响;用pH计监控反应过程,反应中间体和终产物用UV和HPLC检测。结果表明,该体系对甲苷伯羟基的氧化具有较好的催化活性和反应选择性,葡萄糖醛酸收率达到92%,且金属离子易于去除。和传统的淀粉HNO3氧化法工艺相比,该方法具有资源节约、环境友好的特点。     

糖苷酶底物6-氯-4-甲基伞形酮-α-L-艾杜糖醛酸苷的合成

为了开发用于粘多糖贮积症I型疾病检测的α-L-艾杜糖醛酸荧光酶底物,以廉价易得的葡醛酸内酯为起始原料合成1,2,3,4-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸甲酯,经过自由基溴代及自由基还原合成1,2,3,4-四-O-乙酰基-α-L-艾杜糖糖醛酸甲酯,以Mitsunobu反应为关键步骤合成糖苷键,最后脱除保护基团得到6-氯-4-甲基伞形酮-α-L-艾杜糖醛酸苷.用单晶衍射确证了关键中间体的结构,初步的酶学测试证明该底物可用于α-L-艾杜糖醛酸酶活性的快速检测.     

糖苷合成研究（Ⅳ）──氟脲嘧啶N－葡萄糖醛酸苷的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

合成了１２种新的５－氟脲嘧啶Ｎ－葡萄糖醛酸苷类比合物，其结构用元素分析、ＩＲ、１ＨＮＭＲ等技术确定．初步生物学实验表明，其中有些化合物对小鼠Ｓ－１８０腹水瘤（实体型）具有较高的抑瘤活性．     

糖苷合成研究（Ⅳ）：氟脲嘧啶N—葡萄糖醛酸苷的合成及其…

合成了１２种新的５－氟脲嘧啶Ｎ－葡萄糖醛酸苷类化合物。其结构用元素分析、ＩＲ、＾１ＨＮＭＲ等技术确定。初步生物学实验表明，其中有些化合物对小鼠Ｓ－１８０腹水瘤（实体型）具有较高的抑瘤活性。     

β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶荧光底物试卤灵葡萄糖醛酸苷的高效制备

以猴肝微粒体(Cy LM)为酶源,采用生物制备法实现了荧光底物试卤灵(Resorufin)向试卤灵葡萄糖醛酸苷(Resorufinβ-D-glucuronide)的高效转化,同时借助新型色谱分离材料C18WAX及固相萃取技术实现了Resorufinβ-D-glucuronide的高效富集及选择性洗脱,最终获得纯度大于98%的目标产物.所得产物结构经LC-MS,1H NMR和13C NMR等手段进行了表征.在此基础上,以该葡萄糖醛酸产物为探针底物建立了β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶活性检测及抑制剂高通量筛选的方法.     

糖苷合成研究Ⅴ．2－O－烷基－5－氟脲嘧啶－O－葡萄糖醛酸苷的合成及其抗肿瘤活性研究

合成了十三个未见文献报道的２－Ｏ－烷基－５－氟脲嘧啶－Ｏ－葡萄糖醛酸甲酯（酰胺）苷类化合物，其结构经ＩＲ，￣１ＨＮＭＲ和元素分析证实。其小化合物５ａ和６ａ经初步生物学试验证明，具有较高的抑瘤活性。     

TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO体系催化氧化法合成α-D-葡萄糖醛酸

以α-D-葡萄糖为起始物,用TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO体系催化氧化法合成α-D-葡萄糖醛酸。合成过程为:首先对α-D-葡萄糖上的C1位进行甲基化保护,然后用TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO体系对伯醇羟基进行催化氧化转化为羧基,最后脱甲基。对第三步稀盐酸水解法脱甲基的条件作了优化,分别水解15h、30h、45h、58h、65h,高效液相色谱(HPLC)结果显示,在水解58h时甲基葡萄糖醛酸钠基本水解完毕,葡萄糖醛酸水解得率最高,水解得率为64.9%。经过高效液相色谱提纯后的葡萄糖醛酸熔点为164.3～165.2℃(m.p.165℃),得率(基于α-D-葡萄糖)为45.2%。     

微波辅助活性MnO_2选择氧化葡甲苷合成葡萄糖醛酸

葡甲苷经微波辅助MnO2一级选择氧化和H2O2二级氧化合成了葡萄糖醛酸,其结构经HPLC和LC-MS确证。探索了不同反应条件对收率的影响。结果表明:活性MnO2在微波辐射条件下具有较好的氧化活性和选择性,反应时间短。最佳合成条件为:活性MnO2为氧化剂,水为溶剂,于80℃微波(400 W)反应2 h,葡甲苷和活性二氧化锰质量比为1∶4,收率79%。     

β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶荧光底物试卤灵葡萄糖醛酸苷的高效制备

以猴肝微粒体(CyLM)为酶源, 采用生物制备法实现了荧光底物试卤灵(Resorufin)向试卤灵葡萄糖醛酸苷(Resorufin β-D-glucuronide)的高效转化, 同时借助新型色谱分离材料C18WAX及固相萃取技术实现了Resorufin β-D-glucuronide的高效富集及选择性洗脱, 最终获得纯度大于98%的目标产物. 所得产物结构经LC-MS, ¹H NMR和¹³C NMR等手段进行了表征. 在此基础上, 以该葡萄糖醛酸产物为探针底物建立了β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶活性检测及抑制剂高通量筛选的方法.     

Pd/CuO-Ce_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_2催化氧化合成葡萄糖醛酸及其内酯

用柠檬酸络合法制备了掺杂铈锰复合金属氧化物载体,采用沉淀法负载活性组分钯得到催化剂Pd/CuO-Ce0.5Mn0.5O2,用XRD、SEM和XPS对催化剂结构进行了表征分析,考察了不同CuO掺入量对葡甲苷的伯羟基选择氧化合成葡萄糖醛酸及其内酯的催化活性的影响。结果表明,CuO的掺入对载体的孔结构及活性组分在载体表面的分散都得到了不同程度的改善;Ce-Cu-Mn的协同作用有利于提高Pd的氧化还原性能。当CuO添加量为9%及Pd负载量为0.5%时,葡萄糖醛酸及其内酯的总收率可达70%。     

延边地区65～108岁健康老人头发中锌、铜、铁、锰、镁的含量

用原子吸收光谱法测定延边地区317名65～108岁老人头发中锌、铜、铁、锰、镁含量，观察不同民族、性别、年龄老人这些元素的差异。结果表明：1.朝鲜旗发锌低于汉族，满族发铜低于汉族、朝鲜族，汉族发镁高于朝鲜族、满族，发铁、发锰在汉、朝、满民族之间无区别。2．汉族、朝鲜族男发锌高于女性，汉族女性发铜高于男性，发铁、发锰、发镁在性别之间无区别。3、90岁组朝鲜族发锰、发镁低于65岁、76岁组，朝鲜族发锌、发铜、发铁在65～108岁之间无统计学意义。     

Analytical strategies to determine antibiotic residues in fish

The accelerated growth of aquaculture has resulted in a series of harmful effects to human health. The widespread and unrestricted use of antibiotics in this industry, to prevent bacterial infections, leads to remaining amounts in the aquatic environment. This has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in aquaculture environments, in the increase in antibiotic resistance in fish pathogens as well as in the transfer of these resistance determinants to human pathogens. Moreover, the use of large amounts of antibiotics may lead to the presence of residual antibiotics in fish tissue and fish products. Fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, penicillins, sulphonamides and other antibiotics, exhibiting activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, are widely used for the treatment and prevention of diseases in fish. An extended and comprehensive review on the recent analytical methodologies concerning antibiotic residues in fish reported in the literature is provided in the present article. Emphasis is given on sample preparation regarding isolation and purification, chromatographic conditions and method validation according to legislation. Results of published assays are comparatively presented and criticised.     

壳聚糖及其在分析化学中的应用

综述了壳聚糖、甲壳素在污水处理、电化学、原子吸收光谱、高效液相色谱、吸光光度法中的应用。引用文献28篇。     

Alteration in photosystem II photochemistry of thylakoids isolated from senescing leaves of wheat seedlings

Wheat seedlings, grown for 7 days in the light, were allowed to senesce in the light or dark, and the change in the photosystem II (PS II) photochemistry of chloroplasts isolated from the primary leaves of these seedlings was investigated. The decrease in oxygen evolution and the fast fluorescence results indicated that the impairment of PS II in the leaves of seedlings senescing in the light was different from that in the leaves of seedlings senescing in the dark. Thermoluminescence studies showed a structural modification in the Q_B protein of chloroplasts isolated from leaves senescing in the light and an alteration in the S state transition of chloroplasts isolated from leaves senescing in the dark.     

化学体系随机共振现象的理论研究

化学体系中随机共振现象的特性、机理、本质和应用的研究是非常重要的前沿课题。综述中国科学技术大学非线性化学实验室,在化学体系随机共振现象的理论研究中,所取得的主要成果,并阐述化学体系随机共振现象研究中所提出来的若干重要问题：非均相化学体系中随机共振;化学体系中内信号随机共振;化学体系中多重随机共振;化学体系中随机共振的调制;化学体系中色噪声作用下的随机共振;化学体系中时空随机共振;耦合化学体系中随机共振;化学体系中双参量随机共振。     

Evaluation of hydrogen ion concentrations in prostates from rats and dogs using fluorescent confocal microscopy

The knowledge of intracellular spatial distribution of pH in prostates in animal models reflective of human prostate may have implications for drug development upon pH dependent drug delivery and activity. Freshly dissected prostate tissues (in vitro) or the entire prostate gland (in vivo) were loaded with fluorescent dyes and viewed using confocal microscopy. Images were initially taken in tissues perfused with RPMI-1640 medium. Calibration in situ was performed with high potassium buffers of known pH containing nigericin. Acetoxymethyl ester carboxy-SNARF-1 was visible in epithelial cells (but not stroma) in rat and dog prostates. The pH of lysosomes in prostate epithelial cells was 5.2 as determined by fluorescence of Lyso Sensor Green DND-189. A method of in situ confirmation of tissue viability was developed by a secondary loading and visualization of the BCECF fluorescent dye. Besides the direct measurement of the pH in rat and dog tissues (pH ≈ 7.0), a method of pH measurement in prostate tissue (rather than in cell culture) was developed.     

An Evidence-Based Review of Application Devices for Nitric Oxide Concentration Determination from Exhaled Air in the Diagnosis of Inflammation and Treatment Monitoring

The measurement of nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled air is used in diagnostics and monitoring the pathologies not only in the respiratory system but also in the oral cavity. It has shown a huge increase in its level in asthma and diseases of the oral cavity. It seems reasonable to undertake research on the impact of inflammation on the level of NO in exhaled air. The aim of the study is to make an evidence-based review of the application of NO levels in exhaled air in the diagnosis of inflammation and treatment monitoring on the basis of selected measuring devices. Methods and Results: This paper presents an example of the application of NO measurement in exhaled air in individual human systems. Selected measuring devices, their non-invasiveness, and their advantages are described. Discussion: The usefulness of this diagnostic method in pathologies of the oral cavity was noted. Conclusions: Measuring the level of NO in exhaled air seems to be a useful diagnostic method.     

ESR方法检测竹红菌素的半醌负离子自由基

从顺磁共振波谱检测到通过竹红菌素的光诱导还原和基态竹红菌素跟脂肪胺的电子转移两条途径所得到的自由基信号, 并由电化学还原得到同一自由基, 确认它为半醌负离子自由基。竹红菌素溶液中加入芳香胺观察不到ESR信号。它的3,10位上与醌基相邻近的羟基离解以后, 无论在基态还是在激发态都观察不到ESR信号。此外, 还从吸收光谱观察到半醌负离子自由基吸收以及竹红菌素跟脂肪胺之间的相互作用。     

Effect of the displacement reaction on the composition of the magnetic layer in electrodeposited layered nanostructures Co-Cu/Cu and Ni-Cu/Cu

Methods of stripping voltammetry, quartz microgravimetry, and x-ray-fluorescence analysis are employed to explore the copper displacement process on thin electrodeposited layers of pure cobalt and nickel and on deposits of these metals with inclusions of copper. The displacement reaction proceeds at a considerable rate on cobalt in the sulfate and sulfosalicylate solutions and virtually does not proceed on nickel in both the sulfate or sulfate-chloride solutions. An estimate of the rate of the copper displacement reaction following a change in the concentration of copper ions in the solution and in the pH of the sulfosalicylate solution is given. A decrease in the contact exchange rate is facilitated by a decrease in the concentration of copper ions in solution and their participation in the formation of complexes.     

Changes in density and surface tension of water in silica pores

 The density and surface tension of water in small pores of silicas have been investigated. These physical properties of water in the pores were calculated from a comparison of pore volumes and pore radii which were estimated from adsorption and desorption isotherms of nitrogen and water. Below a pore radius of about 5 nm both the density and the surface tension of water in the pores were smaller than those of the bulk liquid and decreased with a decrease in pore size. The density of water in the pores decreased with an increase in the concentration of surface hydroxyl groups. Similarly the surface tension of water in the pores is influenced by the surface hydroxyl groups. Anomalous changes in the density and surface tension of the water in the pores are attributed to the interaction of water molecules with surface hydroxyl groups and hydrogen-bond formation among water molecules. Received: 20 April 1999 Accepted in revised form: 17 November 1999