Social network structures and bank runs

This paper investigates the impact of social network structures of depositors on bankruns. The analyzed network structures include random networks, small-world networks andscale-free networks. Simulation results show that the probability of bank run occurrencein random networks is larger than that in small-world networks, but the probability ofbank run occurrence in scale-free networks drops from the highest to the lowest among thethree types of network structures with the increase of the proportion of impatientdepositors. The average degree of depositor networks has a significant impact on bankruns, but this impact is related to the proportion of impatient depositors and theconfidence levels of depositors in banks.     

Social network based microblog user behavior analysis

The influence of microblog on information transmission is becoming more and more obvious. By characterizing the behavior of following and being followed as out-degree and in-degree respectively, a microblog social network was built in this paper. It was found to have short diameter of connected graph, short average path length and high average clustering coefficient. The distributions of out-degree, in-degree and total number of microblogs posted present power-law characters. The exponent of total number distribution of microblogs is negatively correlated with the degree of each user. With the increase of degree, the exponent decreases much slower. Based on empirical analysis, we proposed a social network based human dynamics model in this paper, and pointed out that inducing drive and spontaneous drive lead to the behavior of posting microblogs. The simulation results of our model match well with practical situation.     

Domain wall dynamics: Growth laws,localized structures and stable droplets

We discuss the relation between the dynamics of walls separating two equivalent domains and the existence of different kinds of localized structures in systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium. In particular we focus in systems displaying a modulational instability of a flat front where an amplitude equation for the dynamics of the curvature allows to characterize different growth regimes and to predict the existence of stable droplets, localized structures whose stability comes from nonlinear curvature effects.     

Spatial price dynamics: From complex network perspective

The spatial price problem means that if the supply price plus the transportation cost is less than the demand price, there exists a trade. Thus, after an amount of exchange, the demand price will decrease. This process is continuous until an equilibrium state is obtained. However, how the trade network structure affects this process has received little attention. In this paper, we give a evolving model to describe the levels of spatial price on different complex network structures. The simulation results show that the network with shorter path length is sensitive to the variation of prices.     

Bubbling and large-scale structures in avalanche dynamics

Using a simple lattice model for granular media, we present a scenario of self-organization that we term self-organized structuring where the steady state has several unusual features: (1) large-scale spatial and/or temporal inhomogeneities and (2) the occurrence of a nontrivial peaked distribution of large events which propagate like "bubbles" and have a well-defined frequency of occurrence. We discuss the applicability of such a scenario for other models introduced in the framework of self-organized criticality.     

Femtosecond X-rays from relativistic electrons: new tools for probing structural dynamics

Femtosecond X-ray science is a new frontier in ultrafast research in which time-resolved measurement techniques are applied with X-ray pulses to investigate structural dynamics at the atomic scale on the fundamental time scale of an atomic vibrational period (∼100 fs). This new research area depends critically on the development of suitable femtosecond X-ray sources with the appropriate flux (ph/(s·0.1% BW)), brightness (ph/(s·mm²·mrad²·0.1% BW)), and tunability for demanding optical/X-ray pump probe experiments. In this paper we review recently demonstrated techniques for generating femtosecond X-rays via interaction between femtosecond laser pulses and relativistic electron beams. We give an overview of a novel femtosecond X-ray source that is proposed based on a linear accelerator combined with X-ray pulse compression.     

Nonequilibrium dynamics in lattice ecosystems: Chaotic stability and dissipative structures

A generalized coupled map lattice (CML) model of ecosystem dynamics is presented. We consider the spatiotemporal behavior of a prey-predator map, a model of host-parasitoid interactions, and two-species competition. The latter model can show phase separation of domains (Turing-like structures) even when chaos is present. We also use this CML model to explore the time evolution and structural properties of ecological networks built with a set of N competing species. The May-Wigner criterion is applied as a measure of stability, and some regularities in the stable networks observed are discussed.     

复杂网络局部结构的涌现:共同邻居驱动网络演化

在对真实网络的小世界和无标度特性进行了大量深入考量之后,最近的研究热点开始转移到更加细致的局部结构.实证数据显示,大量真实网络具有幂律的低阶集团度分布.这一普适的规律,无法由富者愈富以及熟人推荐的网络生长机理再现.本文提出一种由共同邻居驱动的网络演化模型,该模型能够重现实证研究所观察到的幂律集团度分布,暗示共同邻居驱动是复杂网络局部结构涌现形成的内在机理. 关键词： 复杂网络 演化模型 集团度分布 共同邻居     

Feedback between node and network dynamics can produce real-world network properties

Real-world networks are characterized by common features, including among others a scale-free degree distribution, a high clustering coefficient and a short typical distance between nodes. These properties are usually explained by the dynamics of edge and node addition and deletion.     

Functional structures and folding dynamics of two peptides

The folding dynamics and structural characteristics of peptides RTKAWNRQLYPEW (P1) and RTKQLYPEW (P2) are investigated by using all-atomic simulation procedure CHARMM in this work. The results show that P1, a segment of an antigen, has a folding motif of α-helix, whereas P2, which is derived by deleting four residues AWNR from peptide P1, prevents the formation of helix and presents a β-strand. And peptide P1 experiences a more rugged energy landscape than peptide P2. From our results, it is inferred that the antibody CD8 cytolytic T lymphocyte prefers an antigen with a β-folding structure to that with an α-helical one.     

Graph kernels,hierarchical clustering,and network community structure: experiments and comparative analysis

There has been a quickly growing interest in properties of complex networks, such as the small world property, power-law degree distribution, network transitivity, and community structure, which seem to be common to many real world networks. In this study, we consider the community property which is also found in many real networks. Based on the diffusion kernels of networks, a hierarchical clustering approach is proposed to uncover the community structure of different extent of complex networks. We test the method on some networks with known community structures and find that it can detect significant community structure in these networks. Comparison with related methods shows the effectiveness of the method.     

Complex network from pseudoperiodic time series: topology versus dynamics

We construct complex networks from pseudoperiodic time series, with each cycle represented by a single node in the network. We investigate the statistical properties of these networks for various time series and find that time series with different dynamics exhibit distinct topological structures. Specifically, noisy periodic signals correspond to random networks, and chaotic time series generate networks that exhibit small world and scale free features. We show that this distinction in topological structure results from the hierarchy of unstable periodic orbits embedded in the chaotic attractor. Standard measures of structure in complex networks can therefore be applied to distinguish different dynamic regimes in time series. Application to human electrocardiograms shows that such statistical properties are able to differentiate between the sinus rhythm cardiograms of healthy volunteers and those of coronary care patients.     

A full-wave three-dimensional analysis of open dielectric waveguides and periodic structures using an equivalent network model

An accurate fully vectorial wave analysis to calculate the propagation characteristics and field distribution of open dielectric waveguides and optical integrated circuits is presented. Based on the periodic repetition concept and using an equivalent network model, a method to analyze wave propagation in these guides is developed, which is able to take the simultaneous presence of mixed polarizations into account. Compared with conventional approaches like mode matching as well as with other numerical methods, the presented three-dimensional (3D) method shows individual advantages like accuracy, simplicity, and numerical efficiency. To show both validity and usefulness of this approach, some fundamental structures are investigated and the obtained numerical results are presented.     

Solid structures of benzene at high pressures: molecular dynamics study

The structure of the experimentally-observed phase II of solid benzene at high pressures has been investigated through structural phase transitions in molecular dynamics simulations. Several structures are obtained by the pressure-induced phase transitions from the low-pressure phase I. Among them, the most possible structure is a high-pressure phase III with stacking faults, which is more stable than two structures previously proposed for the phase II by molecular packing analysis at high pressures. Furthermore, the experimental powder X-ray diffraction pattern for the phase II can be explained by the structure.     

Non-linear dynamics and geometrical properties of localized wave structures

The present state of investigations of geometric properties of spatially localized configurations of electromagnetic wave fields with TE and TM polarizations is reviewed. The spatial structures of these field configurations are determined by their discrete amplitude spectra. The possibilities of controlled formation of localized field structure with different symmetries are analysed. The non-linear dynamics of such distributions, depending upon their initial geometric properties, are considered for series of realistic models of non-linear media. The utilization of adequate analytical methods, including a geometric analysis in special space, a generalized variational approach, an inverse scattering method for non-stationary processes, is illustrated. The new tendencies in non-linear dynamics of short polarized signals in directional systems are outlined.     

复杂结构的损耗因子和耦合损耗因子的测量方法

本文介绍利用测量结构振动能量比,测量组装结构的损耗因子和耦合损耗因子的方法。这种方法既适合于保守耦合结构,也适合于非保守耦合结构。这种方法的优点是同时可测量得到结构损耗因子、耦合损耗因子和间接耦合损耗因子,而不需要知道各子结构的模态密度。耦合损耗因子不仅包括共振传输而且也包含低频的非共振传输的影响。利用这种方法测量了转动机械系统的损耗因子和耦合损耗因子并用修正的统计能量分析平衡方程预测了结构振动响应。然后与实测的结构振动平均响应比较,一致性非常好。