Thermodynamics of Two-Component Log-Gases with Alternating Charges

We consider a one-dimensional gas of positive and negative unit charges interacting via a logarithmic potential, which is in thermal equilibrium at the (dimensionless) inverse temperature β. In a previous paper [?amaj, L. in J. Stat. Phys. 105:173–191, 2001], the exact thermodynamics of the unrestricted log-gas of pointlike charges was obtained using an equivalence with a (1+1)-dimensional boundary sine-Gordon model. The present aim is to extend the exact study of the thermodynamics to the log-gas on a line with alternating ± charges. The formula for the ordered grand partition function is obtained by using the exact results of the Thermodynamic Bethe ansatz. The complete thermodynamics of the ordered log-gas with pointlike charges is checked by a small-β expansion and at the collapse point β _c =1. The inclusion of a small hard core around particles permits us to go beyond the collapse point. The differences between the unconstrained and ordered versions of the log-gas are pointed out.     

Thermodynamics and Universality for Mean Field Quantum Spin Glasses

We study aspects of the thermodynamics of quantum versions of spin glasses. By means of the Lie-Trotter formula for exponential sums of operators, we adapt methods used to analyze classical spin glass models to answer analogous questions about quantum models.     

The tricritical behavior of self-interacting partially directed walks

We present the thermodynamics of two variations of the interacting partially directed self-avoiding walk problem by discussing versions where the length of the walks assume real as well as a integral values. While the discrete model has been considered previously to varying degrees of success, the continuous model we now define has not. The examination of the continuous model leads to theexact derivation of several exponents. For the discrete model some of these exponents can be calculated using a continued-fraction representation. For both models the crossover exponent is found to be 2/3. Moreover, we confirm the tricritical nature of the collapse transition in the generalized ensemble and calculate the full scaling form of the generating function. Additionally, the similarities noticed previously to other models, but left unexplored, are explained with the aid of necklacing arguments.     

Thermodynamics of rotating regular black holes

This paper presents a study on the thermodynamics of rotating Bardeen as well as Hayward regular black hole and their anti-de Sitter versions. We analyze the temperature, entropy, heat capacity and thermodynamical stability for the considered black hole geometries. The Hawking temperature is calculated using the surface gravity as well as tunneling probability method leading to the same result. We conclude that the considered rotating as well as rotating anti-de Sitter regular black holes are less hot and thermodynamically more stable than ordinary Kerr and Kerr-anti-de Sitter solutions, respectively.     

Regular black hole in three dimensions

We find a new black hole in three-dimensional anti-de Sitter space by introducing an anisotropic perfect fluid inspired by the noncommutative black hole. This is a regular black hole with two horizons. We compare the thermodynamics of this black hole with that of a non-rotating BTZ black hole. The first-law of thermodynamics is not compatible with the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy.     

Two long-standing problems in Tsallis’ statistics

On the basis of Tsallis’ entropy and the joint probability factorization condition, two controversial problems existing in Tsallis’ statistics are investigated, where one is whether energy is extensive or not and the other is whether it is necessary to introduce the so-called generalized zeroth law of thermodynamics or not. The results obtained show clearly that like entropy, energy is also nonextensive in Tsallis’ statistics, and that the zeroth law of thermodynamics has been implicitly used in Tsallis’ statistics since 1988. Moreover, it is expounded that the standard energy additivity rule adopted by a great number of researchers is not suitable in Tsallis’ statistics, because its corollary is in contradiction with the zeroth law of thermodynamics.     

Description of thermal conductivity in the Ginzburg-Landau theory of phase transitions

A generalization of the Ginzburg-Landau theory of phase transitions is presented which allows one to describe states with variable temperatures. The approach is based on an expression for the entropy in the form of a functional which depends on the temperature gradient and the order parameter. It is shown that the theory is compatible with the zero-th law of thermodynamics (constancy of the temperature in equilibrium). For equilibrium thermodynamically stable states the results of the theory agree with the results of the isothermal approach based on the free energy functional. General limitations on the possible form of the nonlinear dynamic equations are given, in particular for the heat flux vector, and possible particular versions are given. The dynamics of linear fluctuations has been included, including temperature fluctuations. O. Yu. Shmidt Institute of Earth Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 6, pp. 54–59, June, 1998.     

Correct thermodynamic forces in Tsallis thermodynamics: connection with Hill nanothermodynamics

The equivalence between Tsallis thermodynamics and Hill's nanothermodynamics is established. The correct thermodynamic forces in Tsallis thermodynamics are pointed out. Through this connection we also find a general expression for the entropic index q which we illustrate with two physical examples, allowing in both cases to relate q to the underlying dynamics of the Hamiltonian systems.     

An experimental and theoretical investigation on the nucleation mechanism of copper-containing glass in an electric field

The phase separation process of a copper-containing glass system is studied via heat-treatment with an applied electric field. The experimental results are consistent with the conclusions obtained from a new thermodynamics model that is based on static electromagnetics theory and thermodynamics theory in order to describe the nucleation process of glass doped with metal. As a key factor in the model, the electric energy change is calculated by two methods in this study. One is based on some approximate treatment, and the other the finite element method. The results of the two methods are similar and can explain the experimental results fairly well. PACS  61.43.Fs; 64.70.Kb; 82.60.Nh     

Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics in Biochemical Systems and Its Application

Living systems are open systems, where the laws of nonequilibrium thermodynamics play the important role. Therefore, studying living systems from a nonequilibrium thermodynamic aspect is interesting and useful. In this review, we briefly introduce the history and current development of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, especially that in biochemical systems. We first introduce historically how people realized the importance to study biological systems in the thermodynamic point of view. We then introduce the development of stochastic thermodynamics, especially three landmarks: Jarzynski equality, Crooks’ fluctuation theorem and thermodynamic uncertainty relation. We also summarize the current theoretical framework for stochastic thermodynamics in biochemical reaction networks, especially the thermodynamic concepts and instruments at nonequilibrium steady state. Finally, we show two applications and research paradigms for thermodynamic study in biological systems.     

Thermodynamics of regular black hole

We investigate thermodynamics for a magnetically charged regular black hole (MCRBH), which comes from the action of general relativity and nonlinear electromagnetics, comparing with the Reissner–Norström (RN) black hole in both four and two dimensions after dimensional reduction. We find that there is no thermodynamic difference between the regular and RN black holes for a fixed charge Q in both dimensions. This means that the condition for either singularity or regularity at the origin of coordinate does not affect the thermodynamics of black hole. Furthermore, we describe the near-horizon AdS₂ thermodynamics of the MCRBH with the connection of the Jackiw–Teitelboim theory. We also identify the near-horizon entropy as the statistical entropy by using the AdS₂/CFT₁ correspondence.     

Configurational Entropy, Diffusivity and Potential Energy Landscape in Liquid Argon

The configurational entropy, diffusion eoefficient, dynamics and thermodynamics fragility indices of liquid argon are calculated using molecular dynamics simulations at two densities. The relationship between dynamics and thermodynamics properties is studied. The diffusion coefficient depends linearly on configurational entropy, which is consistent with the hypothesis of Adam Gibbs. The consistence of dynamics and thermodynamics fragility indices demonstrates that dynamical behaviour is governed by thermodynamics behaviour in glass transition of liquid argon.     

On the connection of nonequilibrium information thermodynamics with non-hamiltonian quantum mechanics of open systems

A critical and improved version of the non-Hamiltonian quantum mechanics and nonequilibrium information thermodynamics is presented. It has been shown that the latter is connected with the former through the set of macroscopical observables defining the additional conditions by maximization of information. This set of macroscopical observables occurs in the asymptotic solution of the equation of motion of the non-Hamiltonian mechanics if the latter is ergodic. The identity of the two sets of observables is the consistency condition of information thermodynamics of open systems. The general theory has been illustrated and discussed on two rigorously solvable examples. Using a $\text{C}{}^1\text{-}\text{algebraic}$ approach a connection has been shown with the results of field-theoretical axiomatic methods concerning the thermodynamical limit.     

Effect of arbitrary matter-geometry coupling on thermodynamics in f(R) theories of gravity

In this paper, the thermodynamics of the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker universe have been explored in f(R) theories of gravity with arbitrary matter-geometry coupling. The equivalence between the modified Friedmann equations with any spatial curvature and the first law of thermodynamics is confirmed, where the assumption of the entropy plays a crucial role. Then laws of thermodynamics in our considering case are obtained. They can reduce to the ones given in Einstein’s general theory of relativity under certain conditions. Moreover, a particular model is investigated through the obtained generalized second law of thermodynamics with observational results of cosmographic parameters.     

Quark matter and non-extensive thermodynamics

We investigate different ways of describing the thermodynamics of prehadronic matter in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. The non-extensive thermodynamics with certain assumptions enables an agreement between two important experimental facts. That cannot be achieved using the conventional Gibbs statistics. A massless quark-gluon plasma with E/N=1 GeV energy per particle and T=175 MeV spectral slope temperature can be assumed.     

Comparison of String Fluid Dynamical Models in General Relativity and Einstein–Cartan theory

Dynamical models of string fluids areconstructed from the general energy-momentum tensor forstring fluids in general relativity and theEinstein-Cartan theories obtained from the Ray-Hilbertvariational principle. Examples of solutions to the fieldequations for general relativistic spacetimes are givenand compared with solutions obtained from the postulatedenergy-momentum tensor of Letelier. Solutions to the field equations in Riemann-Cartanspacetimes are compared with an extended Leteliersolution. All calculations are given for both thestandard and the extended thermodynamics versions inwhich the latter includes the string as thermodynamicvariables. In general relativity, it is shown for blackhole solutions that the general feature of strings(through the string vector) is to produce a shrinkage of the black hole horizon. In RiemannCartanspacetimes, the torsion field equation shows that stringvector can be identified with the torsion vector. Themost striking feature of strings in Riemann-Cartan spacetimes is that in the Reissner-Nordstromsolution, the addition of torsional strings produces thecorrect asympototic behavior of the metric necessary tomatch the experimental galactic rotationcurves.     

On the Second Law of Thermodynamics and the Piston Problem

The piston problem is investigated in the case where the length of the cylinder is infinite (on both sides) and the ratio m/M is a very small parameter, where m is the mass of one particle of the gaz and M is the mass of the piston. Introducing initial conditions such that the stochastic motion of the piston remains in the average at the origin (no drift), it is shown that the time evolution of the fluids, analytically derived from Liouville equation in a previous work, agrees with the Second Law of thermodynamics. We thus have a non equilibrium microscopical model whose evolution can be explicitly shown to obey the two laws of thermodynamics.