相界附近Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbZrO3-PbTiO3固溶体的弛豫相变研究

利用常规电子陶瓷工艺在相界附近合成得到纯钙钛矿相的Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3PbZrO3PbTiO3(PZNPZT)三元系固溶体,其相界位于Zr/Ti比37/33处.在实验中发现和证实了相界附近PZNPZT三元系固溶体存在铁电弛豫顺电相变.在极化后Zr/Ti比为37/33及39/31PZNPZT样品的介电温度谱观测到菱方四方相相变,认为PZNPZT固溶体相界是向富Zr区弯曲. 关键词：     

Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3/CoFe2O4复合薄膜 电学、磁学性能的研究

利用射频磁控溅射技术在LaNiO3/SiO2/Si基底上制备了Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3/CoFe2O4和Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3/CoFe2O4/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3两种复合薄膜.我们采取了三种退火条件对复合薄膜进行退火处理,研究两种复合薄膜的晶体结构、电学和磁学性能.通过对两种复合薄膜的结构的分析,发现两步法退火后得到复合薄膜同时存在纯钙钛矿相和尖晶石相两种结构.铁电性能测试表明:两种复合薄膜均具有较好的铁电性能,其中三层复合薄膜的剩余极化强度Pr最大可以达到14.9 μC/cm2,这要归因于多层复合薄膜内部的应力-应变效应和界面耦合效应.在电场强度为80kV/cm的漏电流密度数量级仅10-5A/cm2,其导电机制在高电场区满足Schottky机制.介频性能测试表明:复合薄膜的介频特性较差,双层复合薄膜的介电性能较好,其介电常数εr为1078,其介电损耗tgδ较大,约为0.43.此外,对复合薄膜的磁滞回线测试表明:两种复合薄膜中均存在磁学性能,且双层结构复合薄膜的铁磁性能较大,其饱和磁化强度Ms为119 emu/cm3,剩余磁化强度Mr达到31.6 emu/cm3,矫顽场Hc为1360 Oe. 以上测试结果表明,铁电有序和磁有序可以存在于钙钛矿-尖晶石结构当中,通过多层复合和合适退火方式可以增强其铁电和介电性能.     

Ferroelectric properties of Pb(Zr1/2Ti1/2)O3–Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics under compressive stress

Effects of compressive stress on the ferroelectric properties of ceramics in PZT–PZN system were investigated. The ceramics with a formula (1−x)Pb(Zr_1/2Ti_1/2)O₃–xPb(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ or (1−x)PZT–(x)PZN (x = 0.1–0.5) were prepared by a conventional mixed-oxide method. The ferroelectric properties under the compressive stress of the PZT–PZN ceramics were observed at the stress levels up to 170 MPa using a compressometer in conjunction with a modified Sawyer–Tower circuit. It was found that with increasing compressive stress the area of the ferroelectric hysteresis (P–E) loops, the saturation polarization (P_sat), the remnant polarization (P_r), and the coercive field (E_c) decreased. These results were interpreted through the non-180° ferroelastic domain switching processes.     

弛豫铁电单晶0.93Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.07PbTiO3的电光性能研究

以波长为632.8 nm的He-Ne激光作为光源,研究了三方相弛豫铁电单晶0.93Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.07PbTiO3在室温下的折射率和线性电光性质.通过测量晶体的布儒斯特角,确定了单晶的两个主轴折射率:no=2.466,ne=2.488.利用改进的马赫-泽德尔干涉法测量了单晶的线性电光系数:r33=71 pm/V,r13=4 pm/V.计算得到有效电光系数rc=67 pm/V及半波电压Vπ=610 V.单晶优异的电光性能使其在激光调制与偏转领域有着巨大的应用潜力.     

化学溶液法制备的Pb(Mg1/3 Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3薄膜的光学性能

用化学溶液方法在宝石衬底及有LaNiO3缓冲层的Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si衬底上制备了92%Pb(Mg1/3 Nb2/3)O3-8%PbTiO3(PMNT)薄膜,X射线衍射测试结果表明:在有LaNiO3缓冲层的Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si衬底上制备的PMNT薄膜几乎是纯钙钛矿相,且薄膜呈现(110)择优取向.通过对Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si衬底上的PMNT薄膜在2.5-12.6μm波长范围内的红外椭圆偏振光谱测试,并拟合得到了PMNT薄膜在2.5-12.6μm波长范围内的光学常数(n和k),通过对宝石衬底上的PMNT薄膜在200-1100nm波长范围内的可见-紫外透过率测试,并拟合得到了PMNT薄膜在200-1100nm波段的光学常数(n和k)和吸收系数α,进而推导出PMNT薄膜的禁带宽度为4.03eV.     

铁电磁体Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3的磁电性能研究

对铁电磁体Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3单晶样品中的介电和磁性能进行了研究. 认为在其反铁磁相变点观察到的介电常数和损耗的异常来自于自发极化序和自旋序的相互作用引起的磁电耦合. 磁矩与温度的关系曲线在Néel点以下的低温段呈上升趋势,测得的磁滞回线证明有弱铁磁性出现. 对铁电磁体磁电相互作用的Monte Carlo模拟得到与实验类似的结果.     

Interphase boundaries and high piezoelectric activity of xPbTiO3-(1−x)Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 crystals

Model concepts of the interphase boundaries whose displacements are capable of substantially affecting the piezoelectric properties of xPbTiO₃-(1?x)Pb(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ multidomain crystals in the R3m-P4mm morphotropic region are developed. The contributions of the interphase boundaries Δd ₃₃ to the piezoelectric modulus d ₃₃ are determined, and the factors responsible for the large ratios Δd ₃₃/d ₃₃≈0.5–0.9 are analyzed.     

铁电单晶Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3的高场致应变及其在层叠式驱动器中的应用

通过研究(1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMNT)单晶在不同方向、不同组分下高场致应变的特性,确定了〈001〉取向PMNT单晶(29%≤x≤31%)为制作层叠式驱动器的最佳组分范围,这组分的单晶具有高场致应变、低滞后而且性能较稳定的特点.研究结果表明,在保证应变曲线的线性和低滞后的前提下,将近-2kV/cm的负电场能够运用于〈001〉方向的PMNT晶体上. 40层(每片晶片尺寸为7mm×7mm×0.7mm)PMNT层叠式驱动器在电场 -1.5-10kV/cm的驱动下,可以获得38.1μm的纵向位移,负载40N的重量后,位移量减为34μm.     

Growth of high performance piezoelectric crystal Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 using PbO flux

Novel piezoelectric crystal (1 − x)Pb(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-xPbTiO₃ (PZNT) has attracted much attention due to its high piezoelectric properties and potential applications in medical ultrasonic devices, sonar transducers, solid state actuators. However, the applications of PZNT crystals are limited by the lack of a simple and reproducible growth technique. In this work, large size PZNT crystals were grown by the vertical Bridgman method using 50 mol% PbO as a flux. The growth conditions were optimized as mole ratio of raw materials and flux = 1:1, soaking temperature 1150-1200 °C, soaking time 10 h, the lowering rate of the crucible 0.5 mm/h and the temperature gradient near solid-liquid interface about 50 °C/mm. The maximum size of as-grown PZNT crystal was about 60 mm in length. The crystal was oriented and its piezoelectric constant d₃₃ and coupling coefficient k₃₃ were measured over 2000 pC/N and 0.92, respectively.     

DIELECTRIC RELAXATION BEHAVIOR OF CERAMICS IN THE Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-BaTiO3-PbTiO3 SYSTEM

The dielectric properties of ceramics in Pb(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-BaTiO₃-PbTiO₃ system were characterized using dielectric-temperature spectra. A spontaneous (zero field) relaxor-normal ferroelectric tran sition was observed for tetragonal rich compositions. A significant hysteresis effect accompanied by this transition, similar to first-order phase transition of normal ferroelectrics. This behavior was different from that of other relaxors, in which such transitions occurred only under a biased dc field. This observation was explained in terms of a thermally driven transformation from an ensemble of polar microregions to normal long-range ferroelectric state (micro-macro domain transition), which was attributed to the internal field resulting from the tetragonal strain.     

Pb(Sc_(1/2)Nb_(1/2))O_3中有序-无序转变和铁电相变的Raman光谱研究

采用wolframite前驱物法制备了Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3陶瓷。通过调节陶瓷烧结工艺,获得了三种具有不同B位离子有序度的PSN陶瓷。测量了三种陶瓷样品在室温至160°C范围内的Raman光谱随温度变化。结果表明,随着温度的升高,三种不同B位有序度的陶瓷样品中,Raman光谱中位于530 cm-1的F2g模的峰位和半峰宽分别在100°C,85°C和80°C发生了突变,表明陶瓷分别在100°C,85°C和80°C三个温度点发生了铁电-顺电相变。上述结论得到了介电温度谱测量数据的支持。     

弛豫型铁电单晶0.67Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-0.33PbTiO_3的拉曼散射研究

本文采用拉曼散射技术在温度从374到-196℃的范围内,研究了弛豫型铁电单晶0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.33PbTiO3(PMNT)。观察了在不同温度下拉曼光谱的变化,经分析这些变化反映了该晶体经历了两个相变:第一个相变温度发生在120℃,从顺电立方相到铁电四方相的相变,780 cm-1处模式在VH偏振下的改变标志了这一相变;第二个相变温度发生在34℃,是从铁电四方相到铁电三方相的相变,软模的出现代表了这一相变。     

Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on the Dielectric Response of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 Relaxor

The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the dielectric response of Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ relaxor single crystal was studied. An increase in the dispersion of the dielectric anomaly, characteristic of the relaxors, was observed: pressure-induced downward shift of the temperature T _m of permittivity maximum at 1 kHz amounts to dT _m /dp = ? 3.8 K/100 MPa, whereas that measured at 1 MHz equals ? 3.3 K/100 MPa. Analysis of the dielectric response of the highly polarizable Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ shows that hydrostatic pressure results in a decrease of the correlation radius r _c of polar nanodomains, as well as their activation energy.     

Combined Real-Time Study of Dielectric Response and Piezoresponse of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 Relaxor in an Electric Field

Physics of the Solid State - A method of synchronous measurement of the piezoresponse signal and electrical impedance when studying the processes of polarization switching in an external electric...     

Effects of strontium on the characteristics of Pb(Zr1/2Ti1/2)O3--Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics

The dielectric and piezoelectric properties of pyrochlore-free lead zirconate titanate-lead zinc niobate ceramics were investigated systematically as a function of Sr doping. The powders of Pb_{(1? x )}Sr _x [0.7(Zr_{1 / 2}Ti_{1 / 2})–0.3(Zn_{1 / 3}Nb_{2 / 3})]O₃, where x?=?0–0.06 were prepared using the columbite-(wolframite) precursor method. The ceramic materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction, dielectric spectra, hysteresis and electromechanical measurements. The phase-pure perovskite phase of Sr-doped PZN--PZT ceramics was obtained over a wide compositional range. The results showed that the optimized electrical properties were also achieved at composition x?=?0.0, which were K _P?=?0.69, d ₃₃?=?670?pC?N^?1, P _r?=?31.9?µC?cm^?2 and ε_rmax?=?18600. Maximum dielectric constant values of the systems decreased rapidly with increasing Sr concentration. Moreover, with increasing Sr concentration dielectric constant versus temperature curves become gradually broader. The diffuseness parameter increased significantly with Sr doping. Furthermore, Sr doping has been shown to produce a linear reduction in the transition temperature (T _m)?=?294.1–12.7x°C with concentration (x). Sr shifts the transition temperature of this system at a rate of 12.7°C?mol^?1%.     

High electric-field-induced strain of Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -PbTiO 3 crystals and their application in multilayer actuators

Electric-field-induced strain behavior of differently oriented and componential (1-x)Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃xPbTiO₃ (PMNT) crystals was investigated. An optimum composition range (29%≤x≤31%) of 〈001〉-oriented PMNT crystals was ascertained for multilayer actuator applications, which exhibited high-strain and low-hysteresis behavior. The rhombohedral (monoclinic)–tetragonal phase-transition behavior in PMNT single crystals is dependent on their thermal and electric history, which markedly impacts on the strain performance of the crystals. In contrast to PZT-SF (doped PZT ceramics) multilayer actuators, the strain values for 20-layer PMNT actuators with individual element sizes of 6×6×0.3 mm³ are larger by more than five times at 20 kV/cm (0.373% compared to 0.072%), and 23-μm displacements can been achieved. Against 40-N load, the displacements are decreased to 20.2 μm. PACS 77.80.Bh; 77.80.-e; 77.65.Dq; 77.65.Ly; 77.22.-d