有机氧化还原反应方程式的一种配平法：代数法

有机氧化还原反应方程式的一种配平法──代数法李致冉（山东大学化学系，济南２５０１００）有的文献［１］和教科书￣［２］曾介绍过配平有机氧化还原方程式的两种方法，即半反应法和氧化数法。本文介绍另一种方法——代数法。它的具体步骤是：第一，写出基本反应式；第...     

高中化学氧化还原反应方程式配平技能学习进阶的探讨

氧化还原反应方程式配平技能是学生需要发展的化学基本技能之一。从学生需要的基础技能、氧化还原反应的复杂性、教科书教学内容的安排、高考的命题和考试要求这4方面讨论了影响氧化还原反应方程式配平技能的因素。对在“化学1”模块阶段、高考总复习阶段中,氧化还原反应方程式配平技能的学习过程进行分析,提出1个包括4个预期水平的预期水平方案。最后分别对围绕氧化还原反应方程式配平技能的教学实践、学术研究提供建议。     

对分析化学教材中一道氧化还原例题的讨论

对分析化学教材中一道氧化还原方面的例题进行了讨论,指出必须对组成氧化还原反应的两电极反应之电子转移数(n1和n2)与相应的氧化还原反应方程式中物质前的化学计量系数严格加以区分。     

在实验室里研究不同价态硫元素间的转化

1教学内容分析本课时选自鲁科版必修1第三章第3节"硫的转化"的第2课时。在之前的第1课时学生了解了含硫物质在自然界中转化以及硫单质的性质。本节课在此基础上,引导学生运用氧化还原反应理论探究在实验室实现不同价态硫元素之间的转化。通过     

毛细管电泳法应用于阿魏酸异构化动力学和热力学研究

基于毛细管电泳技术,建立了阿魏酸异构化反应的动力学和热力学研究方法.测定了阿魏酸不同温度下异构化反应速率常数;基于阿仑尼乌斯经验公式和埃林方程,分别计算出阿魏酸异构化反应的活化能(阿仑尼乌斯经验公式Ea1:43.38kJ·mol-1,Ea-1:58.51kJ·mol-1;埃林方程Ea1:43.24kJ·mol-1,Ea-1:58.36kJ·mol-1;从理论上证明了在常温下阿魏酸异构化是一个自发的过程,其吉布斯自由能变化△(△G≠298.15K)=-6.12kJ·mol-1.     

同一个化学方程式可能有无数种配平结果

利用质量守恒定律和电荷守恒原理建立多元一次方程组配平化学方程式和离子方程式,可以判断同一个化学方程式或离子方程式是否有无数种配平结果.通过对多元一次方程组的解的内在规律的探索,可以得到同一个化学方程式或离子方程式有无数种配平结果的配平方法和配平通式,有无数种配平结果的化学方程式和离子方程式的关系,有无数种配平结果的离子方程式和电对的关系.     

A New Singular Matrix Method for Balancing Chemical Equations and Their Stability

In this work is given a new singular matrix method for balancing new classes of chemical equations which reduce to an n × n matrix. The method offered here is founded by virtue of the solution of a homogeneous matrix equation by using of Drazin pseudoinverse matrix. The method has been tested on many typical chemical equations and found to be very successful for the all equations in our extensive balancing research. This method works successfully without any limitations. Chemical equations treated here possess atoms with fractional oxidation numbers. Also, in the present work are analyzed some necessary and sufficient criteria for stability of chemical equations over stability of their reaction matrices.     

The Dimensionlessness of Chemical Kinetic Equation

The techniques of dimensional analysis and scaling of the chemical kinetic equation are investigated in this paper. Along with several examples, the procedure to reduce problems to the dimensionless form is described and a general method about selecting the characteristic scales is given. Our results show that if the difference between the number of the parameters in the dimensional equation and in the dimensionless equation is equal to the rank of dimension matrix plus one, then the selection of scales is suitable and the dimensionless equation is one of the simplest forms.     

化学混沌主方程的随机模拟

在分子运动层次上,研究大量粒子的无序运动如何导致宏观上的集体行为已有很长的历史．在宏观层面上,耗散过程一般用一组唯象常微分或偏微分方程描述．虽然从微观上对无序的分子运动的描述在物理上更为基本,但是宏观上的唯象描述数学处理则更加方便．实际上,探讨诸如耗...     

A Cognitive Modeling Tutor Supporting Student Inquiry for Balancing Chemical Equations

Improved interactive tutoring capabilities in educational software for chemistry problem solving is an important need that has been clearly articulated by teachers and students. The purpose of this work is to examine the incorporation of new concepts from the field of artificial intelligence (AI) as a route to meaningful individualized tutoring. The basic shift is to replace specific foreknowledge of problems with a direct representation of chemical and pedagogical principles and then simulate reasoning using these principles to tutor students. To assess the potential of an AI-based approach, we have developed a prototype tutorial program for balancing chemical equations that contains two important advances. First, the system can create a worked-out solution with detailed explanations for any equation entered by the student or teacher. Unlike a conventional tutorial, this is done dynamically, without the equation being stored ahead of time. Second, the program can interactively answer a variety of detailed questions about its work at each step. Studying worked-out examples plays an important role in learning, and this approach to supporting interactive student inquiry is being investigated as a method of cognitive modeling and apprenticeship intended to foster the students own self-explanation and question-asking abilities.     

优化教学环节提升化学课堂教学的有效性——“利用化学方程式的简单计算”教学设计和反思

结合《义务教育化学课程标准》(2011版,下称课标),对人教版九年级初中化学"利用化学方程式的简单计算"教学设计的一些环节进行探索与思考:课堂情境导入激发兴趣、活用教材促进思维、定性定量结合提升学科素养、多元评价促目标达成.     

关于银镜反应化学方程式的商榷

笔者阅读了谭宗俊老师“对葡萄糖发生银镜反应方程式的再探讨”（《化学教育》2004年第2期第43页）一文,很受启发。对银氨溶液组成的表示和银镜反应的方程式的表达有不同的看法。在此提出本人观点,与同行探讨。     

通识化学:有机物燃烧方程式的简易配平法

在通识化学的教学层面上,面向不同背景的学生,以简单有机物完全燃烧的化学方程式的配平为主题,梳理数学方法在化学方程式配平中的应用和特点,采用跨学科的方式,让学生能从不同的角度进行思考和学习,以掌握数学方法在化学中的应用。     

Iterative Solution Method for the Linearized Poisson-Boltzmann Equation: Indirect Boundary Integral Equation Approach

An iterative solution scheme is proposed for solving the electrical double-layer interactions governed by the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation. The method is based on the indirect integral equation formulation with the double-layer potential kernel of the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation. In contrast to the conventional direct integral equation approach that yields Fredholm integral equations of the first kind, the indirect integral equation approach yields well-posed Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. The eigenvalue analysis reveals that the spectral radius of the double-layer integral operator is always less than one. Thus, iterative solution schemes can be successfully implemented for solving the electrical double-layer interactions for very large and complex systems. The utility of the iterative indirect method is demonstrated for several examples which include spherical and spheroidal particles. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.